天津市蓟县桑梓村40岁及以上人群中青光眼患病率调查

目的 调查天津蓟县桑梓村40岁及以上人群中青光眼的患病率。方法 2003年1～3月，对天津蓟县桑梓村1987人进行青光眼的普查，每一位受检者接受了问卷调查、视力、色觉、眼前节检查、前房深度、眼压测量及眼底检查，部分接受了倍频视野仪、Goldmann前房角镜及中心视野检查。结果 1701人完成了检查，受检率为85.61％。青光眼患病率为1．59％，原发性闭角型青光眼为1．12％，原发性开角型青光眼为0．35％，继发性青光眼为0.12％；高龄、有青光眼家族史者原发性青光眼患病率较高。所检出的27例青光眼患者中，有19例视功能有一定程度的损伤，其中6例双眼盲，5例单眼盲，4例双眼低视力，4例单眼低视力；19例视力损伤中13例患者年龄≥70岁。结论 青光眼引起的视功能损伤是十分严重的，高龄伴有青光眼家族史的人群应定期随访。     

陕西省农村人群青光眼的流行病学调查

目的:调查陕西省农村≥50岁人群中青光眼的患病情况。方法:2003-07/12,采用按比例随机整群抽样的方法在陕南、陕北及关中3个地区农村调查8500人,其中≥50岁人群有2125人。所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查,包括询问青光眼确诊史、家族史、发作史及手术史,并进行了相关的眼科检查,包括视力、外眼、前房深度及眼底检查。≥50岁人群应用压平式眼压计测量眼压,对可疑青光眼者进行进一步检查,包括复查眼压、前房角镜检查、激发试验、视野检查。结果:≥50岁人群中有1775人完成了青光眼的相关检查,受检率为83.53%。青光眼的患病率为2.14%,其中原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、继发性青光眼患病率分别为1.63%、0.39%、0.11%。55.26%青光眼患者存在不同程度的视力损伤,其中单眼低视力、双眼低视力、单眼盲及双眼盲所占比例依次为18.42%、5.26%、18.42%和13.16%。事前未被诊断为青光眼的患者占71.05%(27例),在另外28.95%(11例)有确诊史的青光眼患者中只有6例(54.55%)曾接受过治疗。正常眼的眼压平均值为13.9±2.2mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),随着年龄的增加眼压有增加的趋势(P<0.05)。结论:陕西省农村人群青光眼的患病率为2.14%,但原发性闭角型青光眼和原发性开角型青光眼在原发性青光眼中的比例为4.18:1。无确诊史的青光眼患者占大多数。     

北京市顺义县50岁及以上人群中青光眼患病率和正常眼眼压的调查

目的　调查北京市顺义县≥ 5 0岁人群中青光眼的患病率和正常眼的眼压。方法　 1996年 9～ 11月 ,采用整群随机抽样法在顺义县调查了 5 5 5 5人 ,除进行视力和一般眼部检查外 ,还进行了有关青光眼的检查 ,如询问青光眼家族史和发作史 ,测量前房深度和眼压 ,眼底检查时观察视乳头有无青光眼性改变。结果　 4 880人完成了有关青光眼的检查 ,受检率为 87 85 %。青光眼的患病率为2 0 7% ,其中原发性闭角型青光眼患病率为 1 6 6 % ,原发性开角型青光眼患病率为 0 2 9% ,继发性青光眼患病率为 0 12 %。各种类型的青光眼患病率均随年龄增长而增加。 6 4 0 0 %的青光眼患者视功能有一定程度或严重损伤。双眼盲比例为 16 0 0 % ,均为≥ 6 0岁的患者。单眼盲、双眼低视力和单眼低视力的比例分别为 17 0 0 %、2 3 0 0 %和 8 0 0 %。正常眼的眼压均值为 (13 5 3± 2 2 0 )mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa) ,随着年龄增长 ,眼压有下降趋势。结论　就青光眼的患病率和青光眼患者的视功能而言 ,青光眼是严重的致盲眼病。≥ 5 0岁人群中 ,正常眼的眼压均值比预想值低。在这些人群中筛查青光眼时 ,应将正常眼压上限值降低至 18mmHg。     

社区中老年人群致盲与低视力眼病调查

目的 了解社区中老年人群盲与低视力的情况.方法 根据北京市西长安街社区居委会人口登记,采用逐户上门登记的方法确认被调查者的资格.对待检者2 833人应用问卷调查法询问被调查者的一般状况和生活习惯.对目标受检者进行裸眼视力、小孔视力、非接触眼压测量、裂隙灯检查、检眼镜检查、自动验光仪验光等.采用WHO推荐标准对受检人群盲及低视力结果进行评估,对目标受检人群致盲和低视力的原因进行分析.结果 登记50岁以上人口数2 833人,实际调查人数为2 410人,受检率为85.07%.该社区50岁及以上人群盲的患病率为0.79 %,低视力的患病率为5.64%.导致盲的首要病因是白内障,其次是青光眼和视网膜病变.导致低视力的首要病因是白内障,其次是屈光不正和糖尿病视网膜病变(DR).结论 北京市西城区西长安街社区≥50岁人群防盲及改善低视力工作的重点是白内障、青光眼、DR及屈光不正的早期诊断和治疗.     

重庆市永川地区50岁以上人群中青光眼患病率调查

目的 调查重庆市永川地区50岁以上人群中青光眼的患病率.方法 选取2005年4～6月采用分层整群随机抽样法在永川地区行青光眼调查.在该地区城区、近郊、远郊,抽取29个抽样自然村或居委会,每一位≥50岁受检者接受了问卷调查、视力和一般眼部检查外,以VanHerick法测量周边前房深度,用Perkins手持压平眼压计测量眼压,用直接眼底镜检查眼底,主要观察视乳头,包括杯/盘比,杯盘比差,横竖径,盘沿切迹及盘沿出血.结果 5938人完成了检查,受检率85.19%.青光眼的患病率为3.55%.其中原发性闭角性青光眼患病率为2.49%,且随年龄增加而增加,女性明显高于男性,文化程度低的明显高于文化程度高的,三者差异均有统计学意义.原发性开角型青光眼患病率为0.86%,继发性青光眼患病率为0.20%.在青光眼患者中,仅有2例双眼视力≥0.3,有209例有视功能损害.其中单眼低视力8例,双眼低视力4例,单眼肓168例,双眼盲29例.结论 重庆永川地区城乡人口中青光眼总患病率较1996年北京顺义地区高,原发性闭角型青光眼仍是该地区主要青光眼类型.青光眼患者的眼球摘除率和盲目率高,与永川地区经济和文化和教育程度等社会因素有关.通过筛查对前房≤1/4角膜厚度的人群密切随访或干预治疗可以降低青光眼的致盲率.     

海南省盲和低视力流行病学调查

对海南省３３６００人，进行了盲和低视力流行病学调查，海南省双眼盲患病率为０．７６％，单眼盲患病率为０．７１％，双眼低视力患病率为０．７３％，单眼低视力患病率为０．５０％，盲和低视力的患病率都随年龄增长而递增，双，单眼盲和低视力都是女性明显高于男性，致盲病因中，双单眼盲部都以白内障最多。其次双眼盲以青光眼，单眼盲以角膜病，眼外伤最多，双眼盲２５４人中有１８３人可以治疗，占７２％，单眼盲２４０人中有１     

中国陕西省农村原发性开角型青光眼流行病学调查

目的：调查陕西省农村人群原发性开角型青光眼的患病率及相关影响因素。方法：2003—07／12，采用按比例随机整群抽样的方法在陕南、陕北及关中3个地区农村调查8500人，所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查，包括询问青光眼确诊史、家族史、发作史及手术史，并进行了相关的眼科检查，包括视力、外眼、眼前节、眼底检查。≥50岁人群及怀疑有高眼压者对其应用压平式眼压计测量眼压。对可疑青光眼者进行进一步检查，包括复查眼压、前房角镜检查、视野检查。结果：8500人中共有6815人完成了青光眼的相关检查，受检率为80．18％。原发性开角型青光眼患者共有9例，年龄为38-80（平均62．0）岁，患病率为0．13％，≥30岁、≥40岁和≥50岁人群患病率分别为0．23％、0．28％和0．39％。可疑原发性开角型青光眼患者有12例（0．18％），年龄为35-77（平均54.7）岁，比原发性开角型青光眼患者平均年龄约小7岁。多因素logistic回归分析显示患病率随着年龄的增长而增加（P=0．023）。除年龄外，高度近视也是该人群开角型青光眼发生的危险因素。有青光眼确诊史的患者占22．22％，其中无1例接受过药物或手术治疗。66．67％（6例）原发性开角型青光眼患者存在不同程度的视力损伤，其中盲目占33．33％。结论：原发性开角型青光眼的患病率与国内其他报道相近，且随着年龄的增长而增加。绝大部分患者无青光眼确诊史，并且从未接受过任何相关治疗。     

安徽省桐城县青光眼流行病学调查

报告１９８７年４月安徽省桐城县青光眼流行病学的调查结果：原发性青光眼的患病率为０．３８％，其中原发性闭角型和开角型青光眼患病率分别为０．３１％和０．０７％，４０岁以上人群中，原发性青光眼患病率为０．７１％，在原发性青光眼中，盲与低视力的发病率分别为１４．２８％和２１．４２％。     

新疆乌鲁木齐市体检人群青光眼患病情况及相关因素分析

目的:探讨青光眼在限定人群患病情况、性别、年龄分布特点,为青光眼防治提供流行病资料。方法:2008-03/2008-08,对50岁及以上眼科体检人群,总计1743人进行青光眼调查。检查项目包括常规视力、裂隙灯显微镜、周边前房深度、眼压及直接眼底镜检查。对可疑青光眼患者进一步详细检查眼压、前房角镜、视野检查及眼底检查。结果:体检人群中确诊为青光眼者36人,患病率为2.06%,其中原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、继发性青光眼患病率分别为:1.55%、0.40%和0.11%,男性青光眼患者的患病率为1.51%,女性为2.53%,女性青光眼患者明显高于男性,原发性闭角型青光眼明显高于原发性开角型青光眼,且各型青光眼患病率随年龄增长而增高。结论:50岁及以上体检人群青光眼患病率与既往青光眼流行病调查的患病率接近,且原发性闭角型青光眼患病率高于原发性开角型青光眼患病率,女性原发性闭角型青光眼患病率高于男性,与青光眼的流行病学调查结果亦接近。     

广东省梅县盲和低视力流行病学调查

目的 调查梅县盲及低视力的流行病学情况。方法 采用分层随机抽样原因,以世界卫生组织盲目分级为标准,对全县按2.01%抽样比例抽取11327例进行盲和低视力的流行病学调查。结果 双眼盲及低视力患病率分别为0.47%（男性0.30%,女性0.63%）和0.89%（男性0.66%,女性1.12%）;双眼盲率：县城0.29%、附城郊区0.34%、山区0.56%。单眼盲、双眼低视力和单眼低视力的患病率分别为0.72%、0.89%和0.59%。≥50岁盲及低视力患者的患病率明显增高。结论 致盲和致低视力的眼病均以白内障居首位,其次为青光眼、屈光不正、弱视及翼状胬肉等。     

北京西长安街社区50岁以上人群年龄相关性黄斑变性患病率调查

目的:了解社区中老年人群年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的患病情况。方法:流行病学现况调查。选择户籍在西长安街社区50岁及以上人群,采用逐户上门登记的方法确认入选合格人群。对所有入选人员应用问卷调查法询问健康、医疗等一般状况和生活习惯,并进行既定的眼部检查,主要内容包括裸眼视力、小孔镜视力、非接触眼压测量、裂隙灯检查、检眼镜检查、免散瞳眼底照相等。采用年龄相关性黄斑病变临床分级系统对受试者眼底像结果进行评估。结果:50岁以上户籍人口数2833人,共完成2410例受试者的检查,应答率85.07%。早期AMD患病率为2.98%(70/2348例),晚期AMD患病率为0.30%(7/2348例),其中晚期渗出性病变占0.17%(4/2348例)。AMD患病率随年龄增长呈增加的趋势。因AMD导致的单眼盲占6.49%(5/77例),双眼盲占2.60%(2/77例)。结论:北京市西长安街社区50岁以上人群年龄相关性黄斑变性患病率与国内外多数研究结果相似,早期病变占多数,对年龄相关性黄斑变性的防治将是今后社区防盲工作的重点之一。     

Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in The Barbados Eye Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a predominantly black population. DESIGN: Population-based prevalence study of a simple random sample of Barbados-born citizens aged 40 to 84 years. PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand seven hundred nine persons (84% participation). METHODS: The standardized protocol included best-corrected visual acuity (with a Ferris-Bailey chart), automated perimetry, lens gradings (LOCS II), and an interview. Participants with visual acuity of worse than 20/30, other positive findings, and a 10% sample also had an ophthalmologic examination that evaluated the cause and extent of vision loss (resulting from that cause), if any. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Low vision and blindness were defined as visual acuity in the better eye between 6/18 and 6/120 and visual acuity worse than 6/120, respectively (World Health Organization [WHO] criteria). RESULTS: Of the 4631 participants with complete examinations, 4314 (93%) reported their race as black, 184 (4%) reported their race as mixed (black and white), and 133 (3%) reported their race as white or other. Low vision was found in 5.9% of the black, 2.7% of the mixed, and 3.0% of white or other participants. Bilateral blindness was similar for black and mixed race participants (1.7% and 1.6%, respectively) and was not found in whites. Among black and mixed participants, the prevalence of low vision increased with age (from 0.3% at 40-49 years to 26.8% at 80 years or older). The prevalence of blindness was higher (P < 0.001) for men than women at each age group (0.5% versus 0.3% at ages 40-49 and 10.9% versus 7.3% at 80 years or more). Sixty percent of blindness was due to open-angle glaucoma and age-related cataract, each accounting for more than one fourth of cases. Other major causes were optic atrophy or neuropathy and macular and other retinal diseases. Few cases of blindness were due to diabetic retinopathy (1.4%), and none were due to age-related macular degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Using the WHO criteria, prevalence of visual impairment was high in this African-origin population, particularly at older ages. Most blindness was due to open-angle glaucoma and cataract, with open-angle glaucoma causing a higher proportion of blindness than previously reported. The increased prevalence of blindness in men may be due to the increased male prevalence of glaucoma in this population and warrants further investigation. Results underline the need for blindness prevention programs, with emphasis on effective treatment of age-related cataract and enhancing strategies for early detection and treatment of open-angle glaucoma.     

上海市普陀区双眼盲流行病学调查

目的了解13年来上海市普陀区双眼盲患者的患病率、致盲疾病谱和发展趋势。方法对上海市普陀区自1993年至2005年,区内的双眼盲患者进行调查,对双眼视力低于0.1者用小孔镜检测视力进行登记并建立档案。分析现盲率、新盲患率和致盲的主要原因。结果1990初现盲率为0.476%,然后就大幅度下降并稳定在0.12%左右。1997年、2001年和2005年因白内障而新发病的盲患患者分别占新发病的盲患患者总数的62.6%、77.9%、67.9%。其中90%以上经手术治疗后得以复明。1997年新增盲人致盲的主要原因依次为白内障、视网膜退行性变、青光眼、角膜病;2005年新增盲人致盲的主要原因依次为视网膜退行性变、白内障、青光眼、视神经萎缩。结论该地区七年来现盲率一直稳定在0.12%左右;近年来视网膜退行性变成为致盲主要原因。     

2009年上海市宝山区大场社区60岁及以上人群盲和低视力患病率调查

目的 探讨上海市宝山区大场社区60岁及以上人群的盲和低视力患病率、致盲原因及其相关因素。方法 横断面现况调查研究。由上海市眼病防治中心和上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心于2009年10至12月期间对上海市宝山区大场社区60岁及以上并在当地居住10年以上的常住户籍人口进行随机整群抽样调查。对调查对象完成视力、眼压、验光、裂隙灯显微镜、免散瞳数字眼底照相等检查,采用世界卫生组织视力损伤标准和日常生活视力和视力损伤标准确立盲或低视力,并明确主要致盲原因。组间率的比较采用卡方检验。结果 实际受检4545人,受检率为87.42％。受检人群均为近10年内随着城市化进程从原农村人口转变而来的城市人口。按照世界卫生组织视力损伤标准：双眼盲30人,患病率0.67％;双眼低视力145人,患病率3.19％。白内障、黄斑变性、眼球萎缩或缺如、青光眼、糖尿病视网膜病变（或角膜病）是前5位致盲眼病。女性低视力患病率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(x2 =4.88,P＜0.05)。按照日常生活视力和视力损伤标准：双眼盲39人,患病率0.86％,双眼低视力401人,患病率8.82％;75岁后成为视力损害的高速发展期。白内障、未矫正的屈光不正、黄斑变性、眼球萎缩或缺如、青光眼是前5位致盲原因。女性低视力患病率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(x2=13.345,P＜0.01)。结论 在上海市城市化进程较快的老龄化社区中,白内障、未矫正的屈光不正、黄斑变性是引起日常生活视力盲的前3位原因,女性低视力患病率明显高于男性。对这类社区居民需要进行更多的有针对性眼的保健教育与服务工作。     

Glaucoma screening in Martinique. Results in 813 hospital employees

INTRODUCTION: Several US and Jamaican studies have shown that glaucoma is more severe in black populations than in Caucasian populations, which would lead to the assumption that the people of Martinique have a high glaucoma risk. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in workers of Fort de France University Hospital with the occupational medicine unit. Intraocular pressure was measured with a pulse air tonometer (Topcon CT 60) and visual field abnormalities were detected with automated perimetry using Humphrey frequency doubling technology (FDT). Patients with known glaucoma or with intraocular pressure over 21 mmHg and/or a visual field abnormality were referred to ophthalmology examination to diagnose ocular hypertension, open-angle glaucoma or normal-pressure glaucoma. RESULTS: The occupational medicine unit examined 813 workers. The sex ratio was 0.36, mean age was 45.35+/-8.4 years (22-64 years), and mean ocular pressure was 12.1+/-2.62 mmHg (6-28 mmHg). Roughly 20% of workers had a family history of glaucoma. We found 22 patients with glaucoma (2.7%) (CI95: 1.6%-4%): 12 patients had open-angle glaucoma (1.5%) and 10 patients were diagnosed with normal-pressure glaucoma (1.3%). Glaucoma prevalence increased with age, reaching 8% in patients over 55 years of age. Of patients with normal-pressure glaucoma, 42.9% had a family history of glaucoma. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm previous data from the literature that found higher glaucoma prevalence in black people and in particular in the mixed-race population of Martinique. In addition to this ethnic feature, the insularity of Martinique could support glaucoma expression. Easy and fast to use, FDT associated with the pulse air tonometer provides early detection of glaucoma.     

Prevalence and distribution of glaucoma in central India (Glaucoma Survey 2001)

PURPOSE: A community-based survey was conducted in Rajnandangaon district of Chhattisgarh state of central India in 2001 to assess the prevalence of glaucoma in the age group of =35 years. DESIGN: Community-based cross-sectional survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ophthalmologists measured ocular pressure using Perkins applanation tonometer. Best corrected visual acuity was checked by ETDRS chart. After dilating the pupil the fundus was examined. A sketch diagram was drawn to note glaucomatous changes in optic disc and the surrounding retina. The field of vision was tested on Bjerrum screen. Gonioscopy was performed to determine type of glaucoma. Persons and their relatives were interviewed to find out risk factors and glaucoma treatment in the past. RESULTS: Seven thousand four hundred and thirty-eight (87.3%) persons were examined. The age-sex standardized prevalence of glaucoma was 3.68% (95% CI 3.27 to 4.07). Gender variation of glaucoma was not significant. [OR = 1.13 (CI 95% 0.88 to 1.44)] Glaucoma varied significantly by age groups. (chi2 = 48.2, degree of freedom = 3 P < 0.001) Among those patients diagnosed to suffer from glaucoma, the proportion of open angle, closed angle, secondary glaucoma, ocular hypertension and glaucoma suspects was 13.1%, 21.2%, 21.2%, 14.5% and 30% respectively. Different types of visual disabilities were associated with glaucoma. However, unilateral blindness in glaucoma was unusual. Twenty-five per cent of the glaucoma cases were detected for the first time during the survey. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of glaucoma was high and the angle closure type was more compared to the open angle glaucoma.