肝癌射频消融技术及疗效评价方法

目的 总结肝癌射频消融(RFA)的临床经验并探讨评价RFA疗效的方法 .方法 对49例肝癌病人进行了统一方案的RFA治疗,其中男43例,女6例;年龄39～72岁,平均(56.4±9.3)岁.肿瘤直径1.5～10 cm,其中≤3 cm 16例,3.1～5 cm 15例,>5 cm 18例.按肝功能Child-Pugh分级,A级41例,B级8例.病理诊断为肝细胞癌44例,胆管细胞性肝癌5例.采用RITA射频消融肿瘤治疗系统(RF-1500)行RFA.在RFA后3～4周常规行CT及TACE,以评价肝癌RFA的效果及巩固疗效.结果 全部病例RFA术后恢复顺利,总体1、2、3年生存率为77.5%、56.5%和44.0%,肝癌RFA后3～4周,AFP阳性(≥25μg/L)者转阴率62.9%(22/35).改进的肝癌RFA方法 可对直径5 cm以下的肿瘤进行比较彻底的消融,≤5 cm者1、2、3年生存率为100%、79.6%和61.9%.将肝癌消融近期疗效分为3个级别,RFA术后获得根治性消融(19例)、亚根治消融(9例)、姑息性消融(21例)者2年生存率分别为85.7%、60.0%和24.3%.结论 肝癌RFA相当于从机能上切除了肿瘤,肝癌消融近期疗效三级分类法可以比较客观地评价RFA的效果,以指导辅助治疗的选择.     

TACE联合RFA与TACE联合冷循环微波刀治疗原发性肝癌的疗效比较

目的评价比较肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)以及TACE联合冷循环微波刀治疗原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)的效果。方法 50例患者接受TACE联合RFA,60例患者接受TACE联合冷循环微波刀治疗术。术后4周复查动态增强CT,观察疗效。采用Tyko Radinics CooltipTM systerm进行RFA,ECO-100冷循环微波肿瘤治疗系统进行微波刀治疗。结果治疗后1个月,两组患者肿瘤一次消融率分别为70.00%和87.67%,TACE联合冷循环微波刀组肿瘤完全坏死率高于TACE联合RFA组(P0.05)。结论 TACE联合采用Tyko Radinics CooltipTM进行RFA以及TACE联合ECO-100冷循环微波肿瘤治疗系统进行微波刀治疗均为原发性肝细胞癌的有效治疗方法,后者是单纯TACE疗效不佳者的较理想选择。     

经导管动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌

目的探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)联合CT引导下水循环冷却式射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法 2011年10月~2014年8月对32例原发性肝癌41个病灶(直径3.0 cm病灶7个,3.0~4.0 cm 6个,4.0~5.0 cm 9个,5.0 cm 19个)采用TACE联合CT导向下水循环冷却式射频消融治疗,联合治疗后第1、3个月行螺旋CT双期增强扫描评价疗效。结果肿瘤影像学评价,完全缓解(complete remission,CR)11个,部分缓解(partial remission,PR)24个,稳定(no change,NC)5个,进展(progressive disease,PD)1个。32例随访10~22个月,31例存活,1例术后13个月因上消化道大出血死亡。结论 TACE联合CT引导下水循环冷却式RFA是治疗原发性肝癌安全、微创、有效的方法。     

TACE联合CT引导RFA治疗肝癌疗效评价

目的：探讨TACE联合CT引导RFA治疗肝癌的疗效。 方法：回顾性分析经确诊为HCC的73例临床资料,按照介入手段不同分为TACE组（n=38）和TACE+RFA组（n=35）,比较两组治疗效果、生存率及预后。 结果：TACE组肿瘤完全坏死率、术后6个月复发率、术后6个月、1、2年生存率分别为21.05%、44.74%、97.37%、67.57%、44.00%;而联合治疗组分别为82.86%、11.43%、100.00%、88.57%、70.97%。两组比较,肿瘤完全坏死率、术后6个月复发率、术后1、2年生存率均有统计学差异（P=0.000、0.002、0.032、0.041）,术后6个月生存率两组间无统计学差异（P=0.337）。 结论：TACE联合CT引导RFA治疗肝癌疗效明显优于单纯TACE。     

氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌（附388例病例分析）

目的 探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融联合肝动脉插管化疗栓塞（transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗肝癌的疗效及其影响因素.方法 自2000年8月至2008年4月,388例肝癌患者接受了氩氦刀治疗,平均年龄为（53.6±12.9）岁,超声引导经皮穿刺完成353例;CT引导经皮穿刺完成35例.氩氦刀后TACE治疗1次者77例;治疗2次者143例;治疗3次或3次以上者168例.结果 388例肝癌患者成功完成了氩氦刀治疗,完全消融者119例;部分消融者269例;生存率分析显示：氩氦刀＋TACE治疗的1、2、3和5年总生存率分别为70.4%、52.3%、23.5%和7.5%;对于肿瘤最大直径为3.0～5.0 cm、5.1～10 cm或〉10.0 cm的患者,3年生存率分别为36.9%、24.9%和3.2%;氩氦刀完全消融和部分消融的患者3年存活率分别为67.2%和4.1%.用COX回归作变量筛选,肿瘤大小、肝功能分级、有无肝硬化对其生存率具有较大影响,P〈0.05.结论 对于不能手术切除的肝癌,氩氦刀＋TACE是较理想的选择,治疗效果较好,安全性高.肿瘤大小、有无肝硬化、乙型肝炎表面抗原是否阳性以及肝功能状况对治疗效果有明显影响.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合CT引导射频消融治疗肝尾状叶原发性肝癌

目的探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合CT引导射频消融(RFA)治疗肝尾状叶原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析肝尾状叶原发性肝癌患者16例,均先行TACE治疗,再行CT引导下RFA治疗,随访患者的手术并发症、无瘤生存时间及总生存时间。结果 15例患者实现完全消融,完全消融率为93.75%(15/16)。完全消融患者的无瘤生存时间为19.35个月。16例患者的总生存时间为44.62个月,1、3、5年的总生存率分别为88.23%、66.65%及33.18%。结论 TACE联合RFA治疗肝尾状叶原发性肝癌安全、有效。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融治疗肝内特殊部位恶性肿瘤

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)联合射频消融术(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗肝内特殊部位恶性肿瘤的安全性、可行性。方法 2009年6月~2014年1月52例肝内特殊部位恶性肿瘤(原发性肝癌43例,肝转移癌9例)均先行TACE治疗,TACE术后适时行RFA。RFA引导方式为超声联合CT,或X线透视正侧位引导。RFA术后即刻,术后1周,1、3、6、12个月进行血液学及影像学检查评价有无并发症发生,并进行局部肿瘤活性的全面评估。结果 52例均顺利完成TACE联合RFA治疗。术后即刻、1个月、3个月、6个月复查无手术相关并发症发生。随访12个月,全部存活,49例(94.2%)肿瘤达到完全消融;3例(5.8%)肿瘤影像学表现有局部残存征象,为不完全消融,继续行TACE。结论 TACE联合RFA能够有效灭除肝内特殊部位恶性肿瘤,具有安全、有效,可重复的特点。     

射频消融治疗转移性肝癌的疗效观察

目的 探讨射频消融(radiofrequence ablation,RFA)治疗转移性肝癌(metastatic liver cancer)的治疗效果及其临床应用价值.方法 在彩色B型超声引导下经皮穿刺RFA治疗转移性肝癌.1月后行CT增强扫描,评价其治疗效果.所有病人均随访2年,计算其半年、1年、2年生存率.结果 本组37例,病灶总数76个,肿瘤直径4.8～12 cm,平均(7.1±3.2)cm.肿瘤直径＜5 cm、10cm＞直径≥5 cm、≥10 cm的病灶数目分别为43、27和6个.经消融治疗后,肿瘤完全坏死率分别为95.34%、60.92%和0;半年、1年、2年生存率分别为94.75%、81.38%和63.62%.结论 RFA作为局部微创治疗方法,是肝转移癌的一种安全、有效的治疗手段.     

超声造影评价肝癌射频消融治疗近期疗效

目的 探讨超声造影在原发性肝癌射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗后近期疗效评价中的应用价值.方法 选取我院原发性肝癌住院患者96例,共110个癌灶,RFA治疗前1周内行常规超声和超声造影检查, 观察病灶数量、大小、边界、内部回声、造影剂灌注情况等,同时行增强CT扫描,然后在超声引导下行肝内肿瘤RFA治疗,1个月后行彩超、超声造影和增强CT扫描,以增强CT结果为标准,评估超声造影在肝癌RFA治疗后的近期疗效中的应用价值.结果 RFA治疗前96例110个癌灶超声造影示动脉期均匀高增强83个,不均匀高增强27个; 门脉期及延迟期低增强98个,等增强12个.RFA治疗后1个月超声造影示肿瘤无增强99个,边缘部分高增强11个; 增强CT示肿瘤无强化96个,边缘不规则强化14个,两者比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.406,P>0.05).对增强CT扫描边缘部分强化的14个癌灶再次行RFA治疗,1个月后超声造影及增强CT 示肿瘤均无增强或强化.结论 超声造影对评价肝癌RFA治疗的近期疗效有重要应用价值.     

超声引导射频消融治疗肝转移癌应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗肝转移癌适应症选择、治疗方案及疗效的应用价值。方法 36例82个病灶经临床及病理确诊并拟行RFA者进入本研究;肿瘤平均直径(3.8±1.2)cm,≥4cm肿瘤47.5%(39/82灶),单发肿瘤30.5%(11例)。例行超声造影或增强CT检查,根据造影灌注特征及病灶数目、大小形态、浸润范围、位置、与周围结构关系等,确定RFA适应证,其中31例为常规超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗、3例为术中开腹后行射频消融治疗、2例为腹腔镜下射频消融治疗。均经1~3个月超声造影或增强CT随访评价疗效。结果 36例82个灶根据造影结果制定方案行RFA分期治疗及扩大消融治疗。肿瘤灭活率为95.1%(78/82灶),局部复发率7.3%(6/82),新生转移率38.8%(14/36例)。结论超声引导下射频消融治疗肝转移癌,可应用经皮、术中及腹腔镜下多种方式行消融治疗,超声及超声造影为肝转移癌适应证选择和治疗方案制定提供参考依据,从而有效提高疗效并降低复发率,是RFA治疗肝转移癌重要的辅助方法。     

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??Current indications and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver cancer ZHANG Jie??CHEN Min-shan. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery??Cancer Center??Sun Yat-sen University??Guangzhou 510060??China
Corresponding author??CHEN Min-shan??E-mail??cms64@163.com
Abstract Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been accepted as one of the curative therapies for small liver cancer, following liver resection and transplantation with its development and clinical application in liver cancer over 20 years. The published experts’ statement in China has confirmed the impartment role of RFA in the treatment of liver cancer and defined that RFA can be used as a curative treatment for single tumor ≤5 cm or tumor number ≤3 and each ≤3 cm, and as a palliative or combined treatment for unresectable single tumor >5 cm or multiple tumors >3 cm. Laparoscopic RFA is superior to percutaneous RFA for tumors in unfavorable location. RFA combined with disconnection is an effective treatment for patients with liver cancer and portal hypertension. Combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), RFA can improve its ablative region, complete ablation rate and prognosis.     

Comparable survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation or transarterial chemoembolization

HYPOTHESIS: The survival benefits of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are similar for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma amenable to either treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative study. SETTING: Tertiary care institution. PATIENTS: From February 22, 2001, to March 10, 2004, 91 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (tumor diameter <5 cm and <4 tumor nodules) treated by either TACE or RFA were analyzed from a prospective database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The treatment-related morbidity, mortality, overall survival, and time to disease progression. RESULTS: Forty patients received TACE and 51 patients received RFA during the study period. Demographic data were comparable in both groups of patients. The treatment-related morbidities of TACE and RFA were 10% and 28%, respectively (P = .04). There was no treatment-related mortality in either group. There was 1 patient (2%) with complete tumor remission in the TACE group, and the complete ablation rate in the RFA group was 96%. The time to disease progression was similar in both groups (P = .95). The overall survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 80% and 58%, respectively, in the TACE group and 82% and 72%, respectively, in the RFA group (P = .21). CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival and time for disease progression were similar in both groups of patients. In terms of the survival result, the efficacies of RFA and TACE were comparable for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Radiofrequency Ablation of Unresectable Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Malignancies: Results in 123 Patients

OBJECTIVE: To describe the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat unresectable malignant hepatic tumors in 123 patients. BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with primary or metastatic malignancies confined to the liver are not candidates for resection because of tumor size, location, or multifocality or inadequate functional hepatic reserve. Local application of heat is tumoricidal; therefore, the authors investigated a novel RFA system to treat patients with unresectable hepatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with hepatic malignancies were entered into a prospective, nonrandomized trial. The liver tumors were treated percutaneously or during surgery under ultrasound guidance using a novel LeVeen monopolar array needle electrode and an RF 2000 generator. All patients were followed to assess complications, treatment response, and recurrence of malignant disease. RESULTS: RFA was used to treat 169 tumors (median diameter 3.4 cm, range 0.5 to 12 cm) in 123 patients. Primary liver cancer was treated in 48 patients (39.1%), and metastatic liver tumors were treated in 75 patients (60.9%). Percutaneous and intraoperative RFA was performed in 31 patients (35.2%) and 92 patients (74.8%), respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths, and the complication rate after RFA was 2.4%. All treated tumors were completely necrotic on imaging studies after completion of RFA treatments. With a median follow-up of 15 months, tumor has recurred in 3 of 169 treated lesions (1.8%), but metastatic disease has developed at other sites in 34 patients (27.6%). CONCLUSIONS: RFA is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment to achieve tumor destruction in patients with unresectable hepatic malignancies. Because patients are at risk for the development of new metastatic disease after RFA, multimodality treatment approaches that include RFA should be investigated.     

Incomplete Ablation After Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Analysis of Risk Factors and Prognostic Factors

Background Complete ablation rates after a single session of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vary from 48% to 97%. Limited data are available regarding risk factors and prognostic significance of incomplete ablation. Methods Between April 2001 and March 2006, 298 patients underwent RFA of 393 HCC nodules with an intent of complete ablation after a single session. Risk factors for incomplete ablation and its effect on overall survival were analyzed. Results Two hundred seventy-three (91.6%) underwent complete tumor ablation, whereas the other 25 (8.4%) underwent incomplete tumor ablation after a single session of RFA. By multivariate analysis, tumor size >3 cm (P = .049) was found to be the only independent risk factor for incomplete ablation. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between patients with complete and incomplete ablation. By univariate analysis, no previous transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), preoperative serum alfa-fetoprotein ≤100 μg/mL, and complete response after further treatment of incomplete ablation were associated with better overall survival in patients with incomplete ablation. Conclusions This study demonstrated that incomplete ablation after RFA of HCC was associated with tumor size >3 cm. Our data also suggest that aggressive further treatment of tumors with incomplete ablation aiming at complete tumor response improves overall survival.     

射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及预后因素分析：附195例报告

目的:探讨射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及预后影响因素。 方法:对195例原发性肝癌射频治疗有效率行单因素分析,对预后影响因素行Cox回归分析。 结果:射频消融治疗肝癌1，2，3，5年生存率分别为80.5%，67.4％，49.1%，32.7%；其中小于3 cm的小肝癌的1，2，3，5年生存率分别为91.7%，81.2％，60.5%，40.4%；Cox多因素分析显示对患者生存期有独立影响的因素包括肝功能分级、肿瘤直径和RFA时有无合并入肝血流阻断。结论:射频消融治疗肝癌是一种疗效较好的微创治疗方法，尤其对于小肝癌可达到与手术切除近乎相同的疗效。肝功能分级、肿瘤直径和有无合并入肝血流阻断是预后影响的因素。     

Efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma locoregional therapies on patients waiting for liver transplantation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different locoregional therapies in patients with HCC on the waiting list for liver transplantation. From October 2001 to July 2003, 13 patients, all men, with HCC diagnosed by cytology, were transplanted at our center. Locoregional therapies were percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and radiofrequency microwave ablation (RFA). PEI was employed in seven patients, TACE in five (one of them associated with PEI) and RFA in one. Efficacy was evaluated by determining the percentage of tumoral necrosis in the liver explant. Five tumors were T4, four T3, three T2, and one T1. Ten were well differentiated, two moderately differentiated, and one undifferentiated. One patient died due to primary graft malfunction. After a median posttransplant follow-up of 15 months, 12 patients are alive with no sign of tumor recurrence. Most patients with solitary nodules <4 cm who received PEI had 90% to 100% tumor necrosis. Larger tumors had 25% to 30% necrosis. TACE was employed in six patients with large and/or multiple tumors, obtaining 20% to 50% tumor necrosis. RFA was employed in one case obtaining 85% necrosis (tumor of 4 cm). No serious complications occurred with any technique. According to our experience, PEI and RFA are effective locoregional therapies to treat hepatocellular carcinomas of <4 cm in patients on the waiting list. For larger tumors, their association with other techniques, such as TACE, seems adequate.     

TACE术联合RFA术对高危部位原发性肝癌的临床疗效分析

目的探讨经动脉栓塞术(TACE)联合射频消融术(RFA)对高危部位原发性肝癌的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析自2013年4月至2018年4月收治的100例高危部位原发性肝癌患者资料,根据不同疗法分为两组,每组50例。TACE组患者采用TACE术进行治疗,联合组患者采用TACE术联合RFA术进行治疗。数据采用SPSS18.0进行分析,两组患者近期疗效、1年内生存率和术后并发症采用χ²检验,两组患者的甲胎蛋白(AFP)和体力状况评分(KPS)指标采用( ±s)表示,独立t检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果联合组患者近期疗效高于TACE组(P<0.05);联合组患者1年生存率为77.9%高于TACE组1年生存率54.6%(P<0.05);术前,两组患者的AFP数值和KPS数值对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后,联合组患者的AFP数值低于TACE组(P<0.05),但KPS数值高于TACE组(P<0.05);联合组患者腹痛的不良反应率高于TACE组(P<0.05),但其他各项不良反应均低于TACE组(P<0.05)。 结论TACE术联合RFA术对高危部位原发性肝癌的近期疗效比单纯TACE术要好,患者的生存期有所延长,联合术对不能实施手术治疗的原发性肝癌患者有着很好的应用价值,值得临床推广。