采用领式皮纹延长切口进行甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫

目的 探索甲状腺癌颈清扫术术后更加美观的手术切口.方法 对82例分化型甲状腺癌患者采用领式皮纹延长切口行改良颈清扫术.在常规甲状腺领式切口的基础上,在颈清扫侧沿皮纹延长到斜方肌前缘位置,避免曲棍球棒切口的垂直段.82例患者共行颈清扫术96侧,术式分别是根治性颈清扫术1侧,改良性颈清扫术Ⅰ型1侧,改良性颈清扫术Ⅱ型8侧,改良性颈清扫术Ⅲ型86侧.结果 采用领式皮纹延长切口患者平均手术麻醉时间为197 min.每侧平均清扫淋巴结37.5枚,平均阳性淋巴结8.8枚.与颈清扫术有关的并发症发生率为9.8%(8/82).淋巴结复发率1.2%,未发生远地转移和死亡.结论 采用领式皮纹延长切口行改良颈清扫术治疗分化型甲状腺癌颈淋巴结转移在技术上可行,肿瘤治疗效果满意,颈部切口瘢痕小,满足了部分患者维护颈部外观的需求.     

保留颈丛的改良性颈清扫术在甲状腺乳头状癌中应用

目的:探讨保留颈部肌肉、神经和主要血管的全功能性颈清扫术在甲状腺乳头状癌中的应用。方法:19例年轻甲状腺乳头状癌患者,施行保留肌肉和颈丛神经的全功能性颈清扫术。结果:19例患者术后全部耳部感觉良好,下颈部及肩部无麻木感。颈部肌电图术前、术后无差异。颈部外观无改变。结论:手术适应证:(1)N0的甲状腺乳头状腺癌。(2)N1的甲状腺乳头状腺癌,淋巴结转移仅仅局限Ⅵ区者,或颈内静脉旁淋巴结较小(长径<3 cm)无包膜外侵犯者。手术禁忌证:手术前已有不规范颈清扫术史者;颈淋巴结广泛转移或淋巴结有明显外侵者。     

颈中央区域淋巴结清扫在临床颈淋巴结阴性甲状腺乳头状癌手术治疗中的应用

背景与目的:对临床已证实颈部淋巴结阳性(cN )甲状腺乳头状癌患者行联合根治术已无异议,但对临床颈淋巴结阴性(cN0)患者是否实行选择性颈淋巴结清扫,以及清扫范围、清扫时机等国内外均存在争议。本研究探讨cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者手术颈部淋巴结处理的恰当方案。方法:2005年至2006年84例经术前常规B超、选择性颈部MRI检查确定为cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者,随机分为A、B两组,各42例。A组行原发灶根治 常规同侧中央区域淋巴结清扫术;B组仅行原发灶根治术。术后均服甲状腺素内分泌治疗。结果:A组淋巴结检出率平均3枚/例,淋巴结转移率47.62%。两组在术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:原发灶根治 同侧中央区域淋巴结清扫是治疗cN0甲状腺乳头状癌的一种值得推荐的术式,在不造成额外损伤的基础上超越了单纯原发灶的治疗,具有前哨淋巴结活检的意义,还可避免再次颈淋巴结清扫时对喉返神经的损伤。     

内镜辅助下颈部清扫术对甲状腺乳头状癌的疗效观察

目的观察内镜辅助下颈部小切口颈部清扫术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的安全性和治疗效果。方法对36例甲状腺乳头状癌患者进行内镜辅助下甲状腺切除和颈清扫术,过程与常规手术相同。围手术期进行心理干预,心理干预前后分别采用SAS和SDS测评患者心理健康水平。结果手术切口平均长度为(5.3±0.4)cm,手术平均时间为(4.2±0.6)h,术后平均伤口引流量为(208±53)ml,平均拔出引流管时间为(5.2±1.5)d,术后未发生严重并发症。据术后病理报告显示内镜平均清扫淋巴结(26.8±15.1)枚。心理干预后患者SAS和SDS得分与干预前相比明显降低(P<0.001)。术后平均随访(23.7±8.2)个月,未出现甲状腺局部和颈部淋巴结复发。结论颈部小切口内镜辅助下颈部清扫术安全、可靠,手术清扫彻底,术后美容效果满意。心理干预明显改善了患者的焦虑和抑郁症状。     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈部的处理

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈部处理的最佳方案。方法 总结１９６５年１月～１９８７年１月４２４例甲状腺乳头状癌的临床资料,根治原发灶的同时,对颈部淋巴结阳性（Ｎ＋）患者进行颈清扫术,对颈部淋巴结阴性（Ｎ０）患者进行观察,待出现颈淋巴结转移后再行治疗性颈清扫术。所有患者均随访１０年以上。结果 ２５８例颈部Ｎ＋患者的５,１０年生存率分别为８４．３％和８０．４％,而１６６例Ｎ０患者的５,１０年生存率分别为９     

cNo甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈淋巴结转移特点及其相关因素

目的 探讨cN0甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈淋巴结转移特点及其相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析73例接受同侧预防性颈清扫(Ⅱ～Ⅵ区或Ⅱ～Ⅳ区联合Ⅵ区)的cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者临床资料,颈清扫淋巴结标本按颈部分区收集并送术后常规病理检查.结果 73例cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者中,侧颈淋巴结转移率为16.4 ％(12/73),其中Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴa、Ⅴb和Ⅵ区淋巴结转移率分别为9.6％、O、13.6％、9.6％、0、4.8％和42.4％,多因素分析显示Ⅵ区淋巴结转移是影响cN0甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(OR=7.3,P=0.020).结论 cN0甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈转移以Ⅱa、Ⅲ、Ⅳ区为主,预防性清扫应重点清扫上述三个分区;术中冷冻Ⅵ区阴性时,cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者无需常规行侧颈预防性清扫.     

保留颈丛的功能性颈清扫术在分化性甲状腺癌治疗上的应用

目的：探讨保留颈丛感觉神经的功能性颈清扫术在分化性甲状腺癌上的应用。方法：15例甲状腺乳腺乳头状癌患者,施行保留颈丛感觉神经的功能性颈清扫术。结果：颈部阳性淋巴结主要分布在Ⅲ区,Ⅳ区,Ⅵ区。Ⅵ区淋巴结阳性者颈部淋巴结转移率为（57．1％）。15例患者术后全部耳部感觉良好,下颈部及肩部无麻大感。结论：手术适应证：①N0的甲状腺乳头状腺癌。②N1的甲状腺乳头状腺癌,淋巴结转移仅仅局限Ⅵ区者,或颈内静脉旁淋巴结较小（N＜3cm）无包膜外侵犯者。手术禁忌征：①手术前已有不规范颈清扫术史者;②颈淋巴结广泛转移或淋巴结有明显外侵者。     

cN0甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈淋巴结转移特点及其相关因素

 目的　探讨cN0甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈淋巴结转移特点及其相关危险因素。方法　回顾性分析73例接受同侧预防性颈清扫（Ⅱ～Ⅵ区或Ⅱ～Ⅳ区联合Ⅵ区）的cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者临床资料,颈清扫淋巴结标本按颈部分区收集并送术后常规病理检查。 结果　73例cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者中,侧颈淋巴结转移率为16.4 ％（12／73）,其中Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Va、Vb和Ⅵ区淋巴结转移率分别为9.6 %、0、13.6 %、9.6 %、0、4.8 ％和42.4 %,多因素分析显示Ⅵ区淋巴结转移是影响cN0甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈淋巴结转移的独立危险因素（OR＝7.3,P＝0.020）。结论　cN0甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈转移以Ⅱa、Ⅲ、Ⅳ区为主,预防性清扫应重点清扫上述三个分区;术中冷冻Ⅵ区阴性时,cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者无需常规行侧颈预防性清扫。     

颈中央区域淋巴结清扫58例颈淋巴结阴性（CN0）甲状腺乳头状癌手术治疗应用

[目的]探讨颈中央区域淋巴结完整切除在临床颈部淋巴结阴性（cN0）甲状腺乳头状癌手术中的临床意义。[方法]58例甲状腺乳头状癌（cN0期）患者,在根治原发病灶的同时联合清扫同侧颈中央区域淋巴结。[结果]颈中央区域淋巴结（或Ⅵ区）淋巴结清扫数目平均2．8枚／例,淋巴结转移率37．93％（22／58）。[结论]原发灶根治＋同侧颈中央区域淋巴结清扫是治疗cN0甲状腺乳头状癌的一种有效术式．     

甲状腺乳头状癌择区性颈淋巴清扫的争议和研究进展

甲状腺乳头状癌预后较好,但颈淋巴结转移率高,常常是影响局部区域复发和患者生活质量的主要原因.初治甲状腺乳头状癌的侧颈部淋巴结处理至关重要,但清扫的指征和合理范围一直存在争议.全文就临床淋巴结阴性或阳性甲状腺乳头状癌患者侧颈部淋巴结的处理方式和择区性颈淋巴清扫的临床研究进展作一综述.     

Radiation-associated thyroid carcinoma

Since February, 1977, 735 patients having a history of receiving radiation therapy for benign conditions of the head and neck areas during infancy and childhood were examined in a thyroid screening program, and 159 patients were found to have palpable thyroid nodules. These patients had thyroid function tests and indirect laryngoscopy and were followed closely on suppression therapy consisting of either Cytomel or thyroid extract. Thyroidectomy was advised in those in whom the nodules persisted or increased in size. This study documents the incidence of carcinoma and other benign pathological changes and postoperative complications in this group of patients. So far, 49 patients had either a lobectomy with isthmusectomy or a total thyroidectomy. Eleven patients were found to have carcinoma (six had papillary, four had mixed papillary and follicular, and one had follicular carcinoma). Three patients had a therapeutic modified neck dissection following the documentation of microscopic involvement of paratracheal lymph nodes. A high incidence of chronic nonspecific thyroiditis, postradiation fibrosis, and follicular adenomas were also found in these patients. Three patients had temporary hypocalcemia (two weeks) and none had wound infection, hematoma, or postoperative nerve palsy. Of patients who had surgical resection, 22.4% showed thyroid carcinoma.     

腔镜辅助下行分化型甲状腺癌功能性颈淋巴结清扫术（附7例）

目的：研究腔镜辅助下行分化型甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫术的可行性,探索手术治疗分化型甲状腺癌的新方法。方法：为7名分化型甲状腺癌患者行腔镜辅助下功能性颈淋巴结清扫术,其中4例为甲状腺癌联合根治术。就手术的清扫范围、手术时长、术中失血量、术后病理结果、并发症、患者满意度等多方面进行分析。结果：全部病例手术顺利,清扫范围可以达到传统开放式手术范围。整体手术时长平均214分钟,平均失血量约137ml。病理显示颈部各区清扫组织均可见数目不等的淋巴结,并有部分癌转移。伤口愈合良好,无并发症,患者满意度100%。结论：在腔镜辅助下行颈淋巴结清扫术是安全可行的,较完全腔镜式和传统开放式手术,在美容、微创、疗效三方面互有补裨,相得益彰。该技术可用于分化型甲状腺癌的手术治疗。     

儿童甲状腺癌14例临床分析

目的 探讨儿童甲状腺癌的临床特点,诊断原因,治疗及预后。方法 回顾性分析１９７７～１９９７年 治的１４岁以下儿童甲状腺癌１４例,按１９８９年国际抗癌联盟（ＵＩＣＣ）临床病理分期标准复习病理和分期。结果 乳头状癌１２例（８３．３％）,滤泡状癌２例（１６．７％）。１期１３例,２期１例。直接误诊７例。单侧胜颈清扫术１１例,双侧颈清扫术２例,姑息性甲状腺次全切除,术后病理示颈淋巴结转移阳性者１２例（８５．     

Shoulder function in various types of neck dissection. Role of spinal accessory nerve and cervical plexus preservation

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of two different types of nerve-sparing neck dissection on shoulder function. Even if the spinal accessory nerve is spared in functional neck dissection, some degree of shoulder syndrome may occur. The role of the cervical plexus in shoulder function and the effects of dissection of level 5 are emphasized. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with laryngeal carcinoma were studied prospectively. Seventeen anterolateral and 15 functional neck dissections were performed. Electromyographic evaluation was carried out in all patients to assess spinal accessory nerve function preoperatively and at the sixth week and sixth month postoperatively. Shoulder disability was evaluated by a questionnaire (shoulder pain disability index) and goniometric measurements were done preoperatively and at the sixth postoperative month. RESULTS: In patients who underwent anterolateral neck dissection, the goniometric results were better than in the functional neck dissection group. The questionnaire results also showed better quality of life of patients who underwent anterolateral neck dissection. Electrophysiological evaluation of the trapezius muscles of both groups at the sixth week showed significant differences. The distal motor latency values of the anterolateral neck dissection group were shorter than those of the other group. Electrophysiological evaluation at the sixth postoperative month showed shorter distal latency values in the anterolateral dissection group, without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation of the cervical plexus and less disturbance of the spinal accessory nerve are important to diminish postoperative shoulder disability. The type of neck dissection has an important influence on shoulder function.     

Modified radical neck dissection via extra-thyroideal space (MRND vets) in papillary thyroid carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to describe an alternative lateral neck access to perform lymph nodes sampling and/or neck dissection via extra-thyroideal space (MRND vets) in papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph nodes involvment. Twenty-four consecutive patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were included. Lymph nodes sampling and modified radical neck dissection, unilateral or bilateral, were performed acceding via a lateral dissection through a traditional Kocher incision, running along the medial fascia of the neck, posteriorly to the sterno-cleido-mastoideus muscle (SCM). Mean age was 39.04 +/- 13.69 years. Twenty patients were women, and 4 were men. Mean tumor size was 2.5 +/- 1 cm.. Total thyroidectomy with lymph nodes dissection of the central compartment associated to modified radical neck dissection was performed in 17 patients: among these, nine patients had a preoperative diagnosis of the latero-cervical lymph nodes metastases, and eight had a perioperative diagnosis of metastases of the extensive sampling of the lower third of the jugular chain. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in 107 out of 615 lymph nodes dissected. The MNRD vets access for modified lateral neck dissection seems to carry a lower risk in terms of specific morbility and allows a quicker recovery and a better cosmetic result. This access has to be considered as a less invasive procedure compared to other surgical accesses for the radical modified lateral neck dissection.     

甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫的临床意义

[目的]探讨临床颈淋巴结阴性(CN0)的甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫的临床意义.[方法]对2010年1月至2011年6月收治的178例CN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者行中央区淋巴结清扫,其中67例同期行外侧区淋巴结清扫.评估中央区淋巴结清扫术的安全性,并对中央区及外侧区淋巴结转移相关因素进行分析.[结果]中央区淋巴结清扫没有明显增加手术并发症.中央区淋巴结转移率为44.4％;中央区淋巴结转移率与肿瘤大小有关,外侧区淋巴结转移率与中央区淋巴结阳性数目有关.[结论]中央区淋巴结清扫是一个方便安全的手术,能使部分患者免除外侧区颈清扫,应列为CN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者的常规选择.     

Prognostic features of thyroid cancer. A long-term followup of 68 cases.

Sixty-eight cases of thyroid cancer were followed for 10 to 38 years after diagnosis. A minimum followup period of 10 years was necessary because of the long natural history of low-grade thyroid carcinoma. The prognosis of the disease was evaluated with regard to several parameters: age, sex, histologic appearance of the tumor, extent of disease, and treatment. The best prognosis was found in women less than 40 years of age with papillary carcinoma in whom there was neither extrathyroid extension nor metastasis and who were treated by surgery alone. Extrathyroidal cancer in the neck treated by radical neck dissection had a 100% survival rate at 15 years postdiagnosis. The poorest prognosis was in male patients over 60 years of age with metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma.     

甲状腺乳头状癌Ⅴ区颈清扫的治疗策略研究

侧颈淋巴结转移与甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)预后密切相关,而Ⅴ区(颈后三角区)淋巴结转移率及复发率均较低,清扫Ⅴ区后易损伤副神经引起肩部功能障碍。对于有临床证据证实转移至Ⅴ区的PTC患者,有必要进行Ⅴ区淋巴结清扫,而术前评估未能发现Ⅴ区转移的N1b患者手术范围存在争议,Ⅴ区亚分区Ⅴa区和Ⅴb区的颈清扫策略有待后续研究进一步阐明。本综述回顾性分析甲状腺乳头状癌相关文献,探讨及总结了近年来甲状腺乳头状癌Ⅴ区淋巴结转移的危险因素以及手术治疗策略,以期为临床提供帮助。     

cN0甲状腺乳头状癌74例治疗分析

背景与目的:临床颈淋巴结阴性(cN0)甲状腺乳头状癌是否行颈部淋巴结清扫术、清扫范围以及清扫时机等是国内外学者长期争论的焦点.本研究通过对cN0甲状腺乳头状癌手术治疗结果分析,评价中央区淋巴结清扫的安全性和有效性,探讨cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者清扫侧颈区淋巴结的必要性.方法:回顾性分析1999年1月-2006年12月间74例cN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者的手术治疗疗效.结果:74例患者均行中央区淋巴结清扫(Ⅵ区),其中32例阳性.32例中央区淋巴结阳性患者同期或分期行侧颈区淋巴结清扫(Ⅱ-Ⅴ区),其中19例阳性.中央区淋巴结转移与原发病灶大小、患者年龄无关,侧颈区淋巴结转移与原发病灶大小有关(χ2=5.96,P<0.05)、与患者年龄无关.当中央区淋巴结转移≥2枚时,侧颈区淋巴结转移率85.71%(χ2=4.61,P<0.05).结论:对cN0甲状腺乳头状癌建议行患侧腺叶和峡部切除加中央区淋巴结清扫术;对中央区淋巴结阳性(≥2枚)的患者可考虑行侧颈区清扫术.