早期他汀治疗对急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶-9水平及短期预后的影响

目的探讨早期他汀治疗对急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9水平及短期预后的影响。方法将193例急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者分为早期他汀治疗组(72例)和溶栓后他汀治疗组(121例)。采用ELISA法检测患者溶栓前及溶栓后6 h、12 h、24 h、72 h的血浆MMP-9水平。第7 d和第90 d时采用mRS评分评价患者的预后,并比较两组症状性颅内出血发生率。结果溶栓后他汀治疗组及早期治疗组性别、年龄、溶栓时间窗、血压、既往史、实验室检查、NIHSS评分、TOAST分型及OCSP卒中分型差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组间溶栓前血浆MMP-9水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与溶栓后他汀治疗组比较,早期他汀治疗组溶栓后6 h、12 h、24 h及72 h的MMP-9水平均显著降低(t=2.64,t=-9.85,t=-8.88,t=-5.62;均P0.01)。早期他汀治疗组溶栓后症状性颅内出血发生率及神经功能缺损评分差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。早期他汀治疗组第7 d及第90 d mRS评分预后良好的比率显著高于溶栓后他汀治疗组(均P0.05)。结论早期他汀类药物治疗对急性脑梗死溶栓患者的MMP-9水平有抑制作用,不增加溶栓后症状性颅内出血的风险,可改善急性脑梗死的短期预后。     

丁苯酞应用于rt-PA静脉溶栓脑卒中的疗效性和安全性分析

目的分析丁苯酞注射液应用于rt-PA静脉溶栓脑卒中的疗效和安全性。方法根据rt-PA静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者是否接受丁苯酞注射液治疗分成rt-PA静脉溶栓+丁苯酞注射液治疗组(n=124)和rt-PA静脉溶栓+0.9%生理盐水对照组(n=75)。对两组基线资料及治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、颅内多普勒超声(TCD)监测大脑中动脉平均血流速度(Vm)及搏动指数(PI)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、90 d mRS评分等临床指标进行比较及分析。结果治疗组NIHSS评分、MMP-9明显低于对照组(P 0.05); TCD监测Vm、PI,治疗组均明显高于对照组(P 0.05)。mRS评分治疗组的预后良好率为93.0%,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论 rt-PA静脉溶栓患者应用丁苯酞注射液有显著临床疗效,未增加不良反应发生率及病死率,其作用机制可能与降低血清中MMP-9水平有关。     

急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗的疗效和安全性

目的 观察rt-PA静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效和安全性。 方法 回顾性纳入2017年1-12月郑州市第一人民医院神经重症科收治的前循环急性缺血性卒中患 者,按rt-PA静脉溶栓后是否桥接血管内治疗分为单纯静脉溶栓组和桥接治疗组。主要疗效结局为治 疗后3个月mRS评分,次要疗效结局为24 h、3 d和30 d的NI HSS评分。安全性结局为2 d症状性颅内出血及 其他部位出血、10 d全因死亡。 结果 共入组56例患者,平均年龄60.77±12.72岁,男性35例（62.5%）。单纯静脉溶栓组39例,桥接 治疗组17例。桥接治疗组3个月mRS评分≤2分比例高于单纯静脉溶栓组（88.2% vs 56.4%,P =0.021）。 两组治疗后24 h、3 d和30 d NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义。两组2 d症状性颅内出血率及其他部位出血 率、10 d全因死亡率差异无统计学意义。 结论 rt-PA静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗可改善急性缺血性卒中患者3个月预后。     

前后循环小卒中静脉溶栓的有效性及安全性对比研究

目的对比前、后循环急性缺血性小卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(alteplase rt-PA)静脉溶栓的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的335例急性缺血性小卒中患者的临床资料,其中前循环缺血性小卒中(ACMS)245例,后循环(PCMS)90例,通过分析患者入院时、24 h及14 d NIHSS评分,90 d mRS评分,早期症状改善率,临床症状恶化率,90 d功能独立率,症状性颅内出血及90 d死亡情况,比较2组临床疗效及安全性。结果 ACMS组24 h NIHSS评分(2.5±0.98 vs 3.4±1.01)、90 d mRS评分(0.8±0.56 vs 1.5±0.68)、临床症状恶化率(6.12%vs 13.3%)显著低于PCMS组(P0.05),早期症状改善率(68.1%vs 48.9%)、功能性独立率(91.4%vs 80%)及出血转化率(2.44%vs 0)显著高于PCMS组(P0.05);2组90 d病死率均为0。结论前循环缺血性小卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓有效性优于后循环,但后循环缺血性小卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓安全性优于前循环;小卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓可能是安全有效的。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中临床分析

目的探讨不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(reconstructive tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA,阿替普酶)静脉治疗合并房颤的急性缺血性卒中的安全性与疗效。方法选择2017-01-2019-11在河南科技大学第一附属医院神经内科接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的70例合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者为实验组,选择同时期未给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的38例合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者为对照组。将实验组患者随机分为低剂量组(0.6 mg/kg,A组)与标准剂量组(0.9 mg/kg,B组)。记录实验组溶栓前和溶栓后7 d NIHSS评分,记录对照组入院时和入院7 d NIHSS评分,记录3组患者7 d内的颅内出血发生情况和90 d病死率,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)对各组患者90 d预后进行分析。结果低剂量组和标准剂量组患者溶栓后7 d较溶栓前NIHSS评分改善率均较对照组增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。rt-PA静脉治疗后,低剂量组颅内出血发生率和90 d病死率均低于标准剂量组,但组间比较无显著性差异(P0.05);低剂量组与标准剂量组90 d预后良好率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者,低剂量rt-PA与标准剂量rt-PA在功能恢复方面相比无显著性差异,但具有潜在较低的脑出血率及病死率。     

三七总皂苷对急性缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物静脉溶栓疗效及出血性转化的影响

目的探讨三七总皂苷对急性缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉溶栓疗效和出血性转化的影响。方法共200例急性(发病至入院时间4.50 h)缺血性卒中患者采用随机数字表法随机分为常规rt-PA静脉溶栓组(对照组,100例)和rt-PA静脉溶栓联合三七总皂苷治疗组(治疗组,100例),分别于治疗前、静脉溶栓后24 h和14 d检测缺血-再灌注损伤指标[丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]、出血性转化指标[基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)]和神经功能指标[美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)],观察静脉溶栓后14 d药物不良反应和出血性转化发生率,评价静脉溶栓后12个月预后(病死率和BI评分)。结果治疗组患者血清SOD(P=0.000)和BI评分(P=0.000)高于,血清MDA(P=0.001)和MMP-9(P=0.001)、血浆FN(P=0.000)和NIHSS评分(P=0.006)低于对照组。rt-PA静脉溶栓联合三七总皂苷治疗后24 h,血清MDA(P=0.000)和MMP-9(P=0.000)、BI评分(P=0.000)升高,NIHSS评分降低(P=0.000);治疗后14 d,血清MDA(P=0.000)和MMP-9(P=0.000)反而降低,血清SOD(P=0.000)和BI评分(P=0.000)持续升高,血浆FN(P=0.000)和NIHSS评分(P=0.000)持续降低。静脉溶栓后14 d,治疗组患者出血性转化发生率低于对照组[9例(9%)对19例(19%);χ2=4.153,P=0.042)],药物不良反应发生率组间差异无统计学意义[14例(14%)对11例(11%);χ2=0.411,P=0.521]。静脉溶栓后12个月,两组病死率差异无统计学意义[5例(5%)对1例(1%);χ2=1.546,P=0.241],而治疗组生存患者BI评分高于对照组(88.51±11.49对84.47±9.83;t=2.451,P=0.015)。结论三七总皂苷可以减轻急性缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后缺血-再灌注损伤,降低出血性转化发生率,改善患者预后,且安全性良好。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性

目的研究重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉给药溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法回顾性分析发病在4.5h内,具有溶栓指征的急性脑梗死患者105例,其中对照组56例仅给予抗血小板聚集、调脂稳定斑块等常规治疗方案,观察组49例给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,24h后若无明显出血,开始给予脑梗死常规治疗。比较2组治疗后90d美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、Barthel指数(BI)评分及改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分改善情况,以评价rt-PA治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效。结果 2组治疗前NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组溶栓后2h、24h、7d时NIHSS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组90d时mRS评分显示预后良好的患者较对照组明显增多,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组90d时Barthel指数评分明显升高(P0.05)。虽然观察组总体出血事件较对照组增高(P0.05);但2组症状性脑出血比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论发病4.5h以内,静脉给予rt-PA溶栓治疗急性脑梗死具有显著的临床疗效,且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

多学科团队协作模式在MRI指导下脑卒中静脉溶栓诊疗中的应用

目的探讨多学科团队协助模式在脑卒中静脉溶栓诊疗中的应用,为急性脑梗死的诊疗提供参考。方法选取2017年1～12月行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的113例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为对照组,另选取流程改进后(2018年1～12月)行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的120例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为观察组,分析就诊至完善影像学检查时间、就诊至溶栓开始时间(DNT)时间、静脉溶栓治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、Barthel指数变化、有无出血并发症等影响因素。结果观察组CT至完成头颅MRI时间、MR至静脉溶栓时间、DNT时间均较对照组缩短(P 0. 05);两组溶栓后24 h NIHSS评分改善差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),观察组溶栓后7、30和90 d NIHSS评分、mRS评分、Barthel指数改善均优于对照组(P 0. 05);静脉溶栓过程中牙龈出血及症状性颅内出血两组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论多学科团队协助模式可有效缩短急性缺血性脑卒中患者的就诊时间、检查时间及DNT时间,促进患者的神经功能恢复。     

高龄急性轻型缺血性卒中早期阿替普酶静脉溶栓疗效观察

目的 探讨高龄轻型缺血性卒中3 h内行阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的疗效及安全性。 方法 将我院2015年10月-2017年10月连续收治入院的发病3 h内48例高龄急性轻型缺血性卒中患者 随机分为阿替普酶静脉溶栓组24例和未溶栓组24例。比较两组患者入院时的一般情况,基线美国 国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NHISS）评分,治疗24 h后颅内出 血转化率,治疗后90 d改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分及90 d病死率。 结果 阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和未溶栓组患者一般临床资料、基线NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意 义。阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和未溶栓组治疗24 h后颅内出血转化率分别为4.17%和0（P =1.000）,两组 90 d病死率均为4.17%（P =1.000）,阿替普酶静脉溶栓组及未溶栓组90 d mRS评分为0～2分的比率 分别为83.33%和54.17%（P =0.029）。 结论 早期阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗高龄急性轻型缺血性卒中不增加急性期颅内出血转化的风险, 可以改善高龄轻型缺血性卒中患者预后,不增加病死率。     

急性缺血性脑卒中发病6 h内MR-DWI阴性与阳性患者静脉溶栓的临床结局对比研究

目的 对比分析急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)发病6 h内头颅磁共振(MR)弥散加权成像(DWI)显示为阴性及阳性的患者使用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓的临床结局和安全性。方法 回顾性分析50例AIS患者住院治疗行rt-PA静脉溶栓，根据静脉溶栓前MR-DWI检查结果将AIS患者分为DWI阴性组18例和DWI阳性组32例，分析两组患者的人口学特征以及临床资料，包括入院至静脉溶栓时间(DNT)、发病至静脉溶栓时间(OTT)，溶栓结束24 h内复查DWI，以发病后90 d的NIHSS评分和改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分作为预后的评估指标。结果 两组患者年龄、性别、脑梗死病史、高血压病病史、糖尿病病史、房颤病史、吸烟史、饮酒史、DNT、OTT、颅内出血发生率和病死率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)；两组患者静脉溶栓前mRS评分及NIHSS评分均高于溶栓后90 d mRS评分及NIHSS评分(均P<0.05),DWI阴性组90 d mRS评分及NIHSS评分低于DWI阳性组(P<0.001,P=0.001)。结论 发病6 h内DWI阴性及阳性的AIS患...     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Fibrous xanthomas and xanthosarcomas of the meninges and the brain

Summary Three cases of intracranial fibrous xanthomas and a case of multicentric cerebral xanthosarcoma are reported. All three fibrous xanthomas developed in the temporal area of boys in their early teens, one was within the leptomeninges (without dural attachment), the other two involved meninges and the superficial portions of the temporal lobe itself. These tumors were characterized by mono- and multinucleated cells with morphological features of histiocytes, Touton type giant cells and a storiform pattern in areas of spindleshaped tumor cells.Because of cellular atypism, giant cells and mitotic figures such tumors may suggest the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme but the absence of glial fibers, negative Cajal impregnation, presence of reticulin fibers in close proximity to tumor cells and the morphological similarity to the bizarre cells found in atypical xanthofibromas of the skin and soft tissues help to establish the diagnosis. Since the menigeal forms are probably derived from local meningeal mesenchyme, occasional abortive whorls and pseudopsammoma bodies may be encountered, the overall picture, however, is very different from meningiomas. Two patients had a 2.5 and a 12 year long symptomfree survival, respectively. The third boy had a local recurrence 14 months after initial removal which was excised and the patient is presently doing well.The xanthosarcoma first developed in the right frontal lobe of a 26 year old woman. This tumor was almost exclusively made up of various sized anaplastic cells filled with birefringent lipids. It is suggested that this tumor which had a diffuse network of reticulin, had originated from primitive adventitial cells. It was histologically more malignant than the first three and the patient died within a year after removal of the frontal lobe tumor, from a second mass in the cerebellum. The relationship of this tumor to glioblastomas and to other types of giant cell sarcomas is discussed.This paper was presented in part at the 6th International Congress of Neuropathology in Paris, France, on August 31, 1970.     

Investigating the construct validity of the SPAI-C: comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the SPAI-C and the SAS-A

Investigates the construct validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) by comparing its sensitivity and specificity with another self-report measure of social anxiety, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). Participants were 252 adolescents (124 males and 128 females) 13-17 years old. Adolescents completed the SPAI-C and the SAS-A and were interviewed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child Version (ADIS-IV:C). Parents were also interviewed and composite diagnoses were formed. Youth were classified as socially phobic or non-anxious based on these composite diagnoses. By comparing clinical cutoff scores with diagnostic group classification, the sensitivity and the specificity of the SPAI-C and SAS-A were compared. Results indicated that the SPAI-C was a more sensitive measure than the SAS-A (61.5% vs. 43.6%) providing evidence of the scale's construct validity. The two measures were similar with regard to specificity (82.7% for both). Implications of these results for assessment and research are discussed.     

Afferent and sympathetic innervation of the dome and the base of the urinary bladder of the female rat.

The afferent and sympathetic innervation of different regions of the urinary bladder (bladder dome vs. bladder base) was examined in the female rat using simultaneous injections of two fluorescent tracers. Retrogradely labeled cells were found in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG; L1-L3 and L6-S1), the sympathetic chain (SC; T12-L6), the inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG) and the major pelvic ganglia (MPG). There were very few double-labeled cells, indicating that the dome and the base of the bladder receive innervation (afferent or sympathetic) from separate and distinct neuronal populations. Most of the sympathetic innervation of the bladder arose from the SC (dome: 77%; base: 89%) and it was carried equally by the hypogastric and pelvic nerves. The distributions of SC postganglionic neurons innervating the dome and the base of the bladder were very similar. In contrast, the contribution of IMG neurons was almost entirely restricted to the dome of the bladder (22%), with less than 1% innervating the base. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH) neurons in the MPG displayed a strong sexual dimorphism. Many TH neurons were found in the male MPG, but very few in the female MPG. In the female, these TH neurons projected almost exclusively to the bladder base of the female rat and were responsible for 10% of the sympathetic innervation of the base. Less than 1% innervated the dome. Therefore, prevertebral ganglia (IMG and MPG) show a strong regional selectivity in the innervation of the bladder of the female rat. The possible functional implications of this organization are discussed.     

Observations on the afferent and efferent organization of the vagus nerve and the innervation of the stomach in the squirrel monkey

Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the cervical vagus nerve or stomach wall of adult squirrel monkeys. Following cervical vagus nerve injections, labelled afferent fibres were present in the tractus solitarius and labelled fibres and terminals were present in medial and lateral parts of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) ipsilaterally. Afferent labelling was also seen in the ipsilateral commissural nucleus and in the area postrema. Labelling was present contralaterally in caudal levels of the medial parts of the NTS, in the commissural nucleus, and in the area postrema. Afferent projections to the ipsilateral pars interpolaris of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and to the substantia gelatinosa of the C1 segment of the spinal cord were also labelled. Following injections of HRP into the anterior and posterior stomach walls, the tractus solitarius was labelled bilaterally. Afferent labelling was concentrated bilaterally in the dorsal parts of the medial division of the NTS, i.e., in the subnucleus gelatinosus, and in the commissural nucleus. The regions of NTS immediately adjacent to the tractus solitarius were largely unlabelled. Injections of HRP into the cervical vagus nerve resulted in heavy retrograde labelling of neurons in the ipsilateral dorsal nucleus of the vagus (DMX) and in the nucleus ambiguus (NA). In addition a few neurones were labelled in the intermediate zone between these two nuclei. Retrogradely labelled neurons were also present in the nucleus dorsomedialis in the rostral cervical spinal cord and in the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve. Injections of HRP into the left cricothyroid muscle in two cases resulted in heavy retrograde labelling of large neurons in the left NA. Following stomach wall injections of HRP retrograde labelling of neurons was seen throughout the rostrocaudal and mediolateral extent of the DMX; there was no apparent topographical organization of the projection. In these cases, a group of labelled smaller neurons was found lying ventrolateral to the main part of the NA through its rostral levels. This study in a primate indicates that a large vagal afferent projection originates in the stomach wall and terminates primarily in the subnucleus gelatinosus of the NTS and in the commissural nucleus with a distribution similar to that described previously in studies in several subprimate mammalian species. The present results and those of other studies suggest some degree of segregation of visceral input within different subnuclei of the NTS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)