Two novel β-thalassemia alleles: Poly A signal (AATAAA→AAAA) and −92 C→T

β-Thalassemia (β-thal) is a hereditary anemia caused by mutations in the β-globin gene encoding the β-globin chain of hemoglobin A. In its homozygous form, the disease is characterized by a hemolytic hypochromic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal deformation, mongoloid facies, and cardiac enlargement. The heterozygous form is usually asymptomatic but is sometimes associated with moderate anemia and splenomegaly. More than 100 β-thal mutations have been detected in the β-globin gene (Kazazian, 1990). Here we report two new β-thal mutations and observation of another rare allele, which was found previously in a single individual. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

贵州少数民族地区β-地中海贫血的分子流行病学研究

目的 了解贵州少数民族地区育龄夫妇β-地中海贫血(简称β-地贫)的携带率及其常见突变基因的类型和频率.方法 以全自动血细胞分析仪和血红蛋白自动分析仪VARIANT对3500名贵州6县市少数民族地区育龄夫妇进行β-地贫血液学筛查,β-地贫的表型诊断标准为:平均红细胞体积≤82 f1和血红蛋白A2≥3.5%,并利用PCR-反向点杂交法对筛查出的194例阳性对象进行中国人常见18种突变基因检测分析,未知突变采用DNA直接测序法进行分析.结果 3500人中检出β地贫基因突变189人,人群中β-地贫基因携带率为5.4%,共检出10种突变基因,最常见的前5种依次足:CD1 7(43.9%)、CD41-42(38.6%)、IVS-Ⅱ-654(10.1%)、-28(2.6%)、CD71-72(1.6%),并在中国人群中发现了1种β珠蛋白基因-CD53(-T)新的突变,1例IntM为国内少见突变.结论 贵州少数民族地区是同内β地贫发生率较高和基因背景较复杂的地区,加大对育龄夫妇群体进行β地贫的血液学筛查和常见突变基因的诊断,对开展β地贫群体干预和人类学研究具有重要意义.     

汕头市户籍人群α和β地中海贫血的分子流行病学调查

目的调查汕头市户籍人群中α和β地中海贫血（简称地贫）的发生率、基因突变类型及其构成比。方法以整群抽样法收集1034份其父母均为汕头市户籍的新生儿脐血和1572份双方均为汕头市户籍的成人婚检或孕检对象的静脉血，分别进行α地贫和β地贫调查。所有样品均进行红细胞（RBC）参数和血红蛋白（Hb）电泳分析，以脐血中出现Hb Bart＇s作为诊断α-地贫的阳性参考指标；以静脉血平均红细胞体积（MCV）≤80fl，HbA2≥3．5％作为诊断β-地贫的阳性参考指标。再应用gap—PCR和反向点杂交（RDB）技术对表型阳性样品进行α-地贫基因和β-地贫基因定型，“未知”样品则进行DNA直接测序分析。同时对HbBart＇s阴性的脐血样品进行两种常见静止型α-地贫基因（-a^3.7和-a^4.2）的分子筛查。结果在1034例脐血标本中检出7种α-地贫基因型共58例，等位基因59个，α-地贫基因携带率为5．71％（59／1034）。其基因型构成比：-a^3．7／aa为48．3％，--^SEA／aa为29．3％，-a^4.2/aa为12．1％，--^THAI／aa为3．5％，--^SEA／--^SEA、a^CSa／aa和a1CD118＋TCA各为1．7％。成人静脉血1572例标本中检出β-地贫基因携带者共15例（其中1例CD41／42（-TCTT）合并-a^3.7），β-地贫基因携带率为0．95％（15／1572）。共检出5种β-地贫基因，其构成比：IVS-2．654（C→T）和-28（A→G）各为26．7％，CD41／42（-TCTT）为20．0％，CD17（A→T）为13．3％，βECD26（G→A）为6．7％。结论阐明了汕头市户籍人群中α和β地中海贫血基因的携带率、基因突变类型及其分布特征。该结果为进行遗传咨询和制定该地区基于大人群筛查的预防计划提供了有价值的基础资料。     

贵州黔东南地区育龄人群地中海贫血基因类型分析

目的了解贵州黔东南州育龄人群地中海贫血基因类型及其分布。方法 2017年1月~2019年3月对930例疑似地中海贫血的育龄人群采用PCR结合导流杂交进行α、β地中海贫血基因检测。结果 930例病例中检出地中海贫血422例,检出率45.38%,α地中海贫血193例(20.75%),β地中海贫血212例(22.80%),α复合β地中海贫血23例(1.83%)。12种α地中海贫血基因类型主要为--SEA/αα(67.87%)、-α3.7/αα(9.84%)和-α4.2/αα(7.25%),8种β地中海贫血基因类型以CD41-42/N(61.79%)、CD17/N(26.89%)和IVS-Ⅱ-654/N(6.13%)常见,8种α合并β地中海贫血基因类型主要为-α3.7/CD41-42(41.19%)和--SEA/CD41-42(23.53%)。结论贵州黔东南州β地中海贫血检出率高于α地中海贫血,主要基因类型为CD4142/N和--SEA/αα。     

Cord blood study on β-thalassemia and hemoglobin E

We describe hematologic data from 18 newborn infants including follow-up data. Of these, ten were the offspring of patients with β-thal/Hb E disease and the remainder were infants who were found to have a decrease in red cell osmotic fragility during a random cord blood examination. The results of the cord blood study showed that two infants having normal red cell osmotic fragility with about 2% Hb E + Hb A + Hb F at birth represented Hb E heterozygosity. Eleven babies had slightly decreased red cell osmotic fragility, a mild degree of microcytosis and poikilocytosis, and hemoglobin types of Hb A + Hb F with no elevation of Hb A₂ at birth. They subsequently had hematologic findings consistent with the β-thal heterozygosity. The means of hematological values of cord blood in the β-thal trait infants appeared to be statistically different from those in the normal infants only with respect to increased red cell count and reduced MCH. One infant was thought to have the β-thal trait but had a greater degree of thalassemic changes in red cells; subsequently he turned out to have homozygous β-thalassemia. Four newborn infants with hypochromia and numerous target cells had 4-7% Hb E + Hb F without Hb A. Follow-up examination showed two cases of Hb E homozygosity; however, the others, who had obvious microcytosis and poikilocytosis in cord blood, finally developed β-thal/Hb E disease. Thus, a careful study on red cell osmotic fragility, morphology and starch gel electrophoresis at birth allows detection and diagnosis of β- thal heterozygosity, β-thal homozygosity, Hb E heterozygosity, Hb E homozygosity and double heterozygosity for β-thal and Hb E.     

人S100A6对人骨肉瘤细胞系β-catenin的作用

目的 研究人S100A6对人骨肉瘤细胞系MG63和U2OS中β-catenin的作用。方法 分别用携带人S100A6及其siRNA基因的重组腺病毒AdS100A6和AdSiS100A6感染MG63和U2OS,分别使细胞中S100A6表达上调和下调;RT-PCR、蛋白印迹和免疫细胞化学法分别检测细胞中β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达。结果 上调骨肉瘤细胞系MG63和U2OS中S100A6后, β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达均增加（P＜0.05）,蛋白的增加以胞核更明显。下调S100A6则使细胞中β-catenin mRNA及蛋白表达减少（P＜0.05）,蛋白的减少也以胞核更甚。结论 增加Wnt信号途径活性可能是S100A6参与肿瘤发生发展的机制之一。     

桂林地区育龄妇女地中海贫血的流行病调查研究

目的调查桂林地区育龄妇女地中海贫血(地贫)的基因携带率、基因突变类型及其分布特征。方法连续采集1843名在桂林医学院附属医院来进行孕前检查及早孕检查并知情选择的育龄妇女外周静脉血。记录地贫筛查结果统计分析育龄妇女人群中α和β地贫的基因频率,突变类型及其分布的流行病学资料。结果 1843例外周血中检出220例α地贫携带者,α-地贫基因携带率为11.9%,常见α-地贫基因的基因构成比依次为64.78%(--SEA)、26.52%(-α3.7/αα)、8.70%(-α4.2/αα);共检出β-地贫携带者为133例,基因携带率为7.22%,所有样品均确定了基因型,共检出9种突变类型。结论桂林是地中海贫血病的高发地区,为了减少重症地贫的发生,提高人口素质,我们要采取合理的地贫筛查方案。     

云南新平地区傣族学龄前儿童β-地中海贫血基因突变类型分析

目的探讨云南新平傣族学龄前儿童β-地中海贫血的基因突变类型及其基因型频率特征。方法对407名傣族学龄前儿童进行血细胞分析,以平均红细胞体积(MCV)<80fl或平均血红蛋白量(MCH)<27pg为血液学表型初筛阳性样本进行血红蛋白电泳,HbA2>3.5%或HbF>2%为血红蛋白表型阳性样本进行14种东南亚常见基因分析。结果在407人中血液学筛查出235例进行血红蛋白电泳阳性60例在进行基因诊断分析,有21例得到确诊用检出5种突变基因,包括7种基因型常见的突变位点为41-42M(杂),基因型频率为47.62%;其余基因突变位点及其频率为:β-EM(14.29%),17M(9.52%),41-42M(纯)(9.52%),654M(杂)(9.52%),17/71-72M(双重杂)(4.76%),17/β-EM(双重杂)(4.76%)。结论初步探明了该地区学龄前儿童β-地中海贫血基因突变类型及基因型频率,获取其分子生物流行病学资料,为今后对该地人群进行疾病的防治、优生优育、遗传咨询、提高人口素质具有重要的指导意义。     

海口地区地中海贫血基因分型及频率的研究

目的探讨海口地区地中海贫血的发病情况及基因突变的类型和频率。方法用红细胞脆性一管定量法对2191例受检者进行地中海贫血的筛查,对筛查阳性者进一步采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和反向斑点杂交(RDB)技术进行地中海贫血基因分型的检测。结果在2191例受检者中,地中海贫血初筛阳性284例,占受检总人数的12.96%。284例初筛阳性的受检者中,检出地中海贫血阳性128例,地中海贫血检出率达45.07%。其中α地中海贫血85例(66.41%),β地中海贫血36例(28.13%),α复合β地中海贫血7例(5.47%)。结论海口地区地中海贫血发生率较高,做好婚前及产前地中海贫血筛查和产前基因诊断等工作,对避免重型地中海贫血患儿的出生,提高当地人口素质具有重要意义。     

Effects of antipsychotic drugs on BDNF, GSK-3β, and β-catenin expression in rats subjected to immobilization stress

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and β-catenin have been reported to be altered in patients with schizophrenia and have been targeted by antipsychotic drugs. Atypical antipsychotics, but not typical antipsychotics, exert neuroprotective effects by regulating these proteins. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the atypical antipsychotic drugs olanzapine and aripiprazole and a typical antipsychotic drug, haloperidol, on the expression of BDNF, phosphorylated GSK-3β, and β-catenin in the hippocampus of rats subjected to immobilization stress. Rats were subjected to immobilization stress 6 h/day for 3 weeks. The effects of olanzapine (2 mg/kg), aripiprazole (1.5 mg/kg), and haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg) were determined on BDNF, serine⁹-phosphorylated GSK-3β, and β-catenin expression by Western blotting. Immobilization stress significantly decreased the expression of BDNF, phosphorylated GSK-3β, and β-catenin in the hippocampus. Chronic administration of olanzapine and aripiprazole significantly attenuated the decreased expression of these proteins in the hippocampus of rats caused by immobilization stress, and significantly increased the levels of these proteins even without the immobilization stress. However, chronic haloperidol had no such effect. These results suggest that olanzapine and aripiprazole may exert beneficial effects by upregulating BDNF, phosphorylated GSK-3β, and β-catenin in patients with schizophrenia.     

细胞因子白细胞介素-1α、S100β 在阿尔茨海默病不同类型老年斑中的表达

目的 探讨小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞及其所产生的炎性介质白细胞介素(IL)-1α、S100β在阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease,AD）不同类型的老年斑形成和进展中的意义。方法 从北京医院病理科1982至2008年尸检资料中选出AD 34例,所有脑标本的海马部切片均进行IL-1α/β-淀粉蛋白、S100β/β-淀粉蛋白免疫组织化学双标记染色。结果 IL-1α/β-淀粉蛋白及S100 β/ β-淀粉蛋白免疫组织化学双标记染色均显示老年斑有4种类型,即弥漫性非神经突斑、弥漫性神经突斑、有致密核心的神经突斑、有致密核心的非神经突斑。在4种类型的老年斑中,与弥漫性神经突斑相关的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞数量最多,分别为(7.29±3.04)和(6.49±2.20)个/ mm2,与弥漫性非神经突斑、有致密核心的神经突斑及有致密核心的非神经突斑的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的数量,分别为(3.24±1.53)和(4.14±1.77)个/mm2,(2.09±1.37)和(2.25±0.83)个/ mm2,(1.38±0.90)和(0.58±0.36)个/mm2,与弥漫性神经突斑相关的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞数量均高于其他类型的老年斑(P＜0.05)。结论 小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞及其所产生的炎性介质IL-1α、S100β可能在AD弥漫性非神经突斑转化为弥漫性神经突斑的过程中具有一定意义。     

The enhancement of bone regeneration by a combination of osteoconductivity and osteostimulation using β-CaSiO3/β-Ca3(PO4)2 composite bioceramics

β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is osteoconductive, while β-calcium silicate (β-CS) is bioactive with osteostimulative properties. Porous β-CaSiO₃/β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ composite bioceramic scaffolds with various β-TCP:β-CS ratios were designed to combine both osteoconductivity and osteostimulation in order to enhance bone regeneration. The composite scaffolds were implanted in critical sized femur defects (6 × 12 mm) for 4, 12 and 26 weeks with pure β-TCP and β-CS scaffolds as the controls. The in vivo biodegradation and bone regeneration of the specimens were investigated using sequential histological evaluations, immunohistochemical examination and micro-computed tomography technology. The results showed that the scaffolds with 50 and 80 wt.% β-CS dramatically enhanced the amount of newly formed bone and reduced the degradation rate. In contrast, porous β-CS displayed poor new bone formation due to its rapid degradation, while porous β-TCP showed moderate bone regeneration starting on the surface of the implants, due to a lack of osteostimulation. More importantly, the scaffolds with 50 and 80 wt.% β-CS not only had excellent osteoconductivity, but also stimulated rapid bone formation, and they could degrade progressively at a rate matching the regeneration of new bone. In summary, our findings indicated that the degradation rate and bioactivity of β-CS/β-TCP composite bioceramic scaffolds could be adjusted by controlling the ratio of β-CS to β-TCP, suggesting the potential application of β-CS/β-TCP composite bioceramic scaffolds with 50 and 80 wt.% β-CS component in hard tissue regeneration and bone tissue engineering.     

S100A6上调人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中β-catenin及其机制

目的 探讨钙细胞周期蛋白S100A6对人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中β-catenin的影响及其机制.方法 分别用表达S100A6及其siRNA的重组腺病毒AdS100A6与AdsiS100A6处理MCF-7细胞,RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫细胞化学检测β-catenin、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和磷酸化糖原合酶激酶3β(p-GSK3β)表达或分布的变化.结果 在MCF-7细胞中,S100A6可以上调β-catenin的蛋白表达水平(P＜0.01),但对其mRNA表达无显著性影响;S100A6对E-cadherin的mRNA表达、蛋白质表达水平及分布均无显著性影响;S100A6可以提高β-catenin降解复合体的主要成员GSK3β磷酸化水平(P＜0.01).结论 S100A6上调β-catenin的可能机制是通过促进GSK3β磷酸化失活,而不是通过调节E-cadherin实现的.     

LMP1 antagonizes WNT/β-catenin signalling through inhibition of WTX and promotes nasopharyngeal dysplasia but not tumourigenesis in LMP1(B95-8) transgenic mice

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can induce cell transformation and tumourigenesis, but the mechanism is not understood. Previous studies have suggested that LMP1 acts through up-regulation of cellular proliferation pathways including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, in which β-catenin is the central effector. Increased levels of β-catenin coupled with a decrease in E-cadherin lead to reduced cell adhesion. This pathway is antagonized by WTX (Wilms' tumour gene on the X chromosome), which can promote the ubiquitination and degradation of β-catenin. In the present study, we established L2/LMP1B(95 - 8) /EGFP transgenic mice to investigate the in vivo role of LMP1. Down-regulation of WTX and E-cadherin was accompanied by increased expression of β-catenin in these mice. Even though invasive tumours did not develop, dysplasia was seen in the nasopharynx and oropharynx epithelium of these transgenic mice. Analysis of LMP1(+) , WTX(+) , and LMP1 siRNA silenced HNE-1 cell lines demonstrated that WTX could exert a dominant role in LMP1-mediated WNT/β-catenin pathway regulation. This study indicates that LMP1 antagonizes the WNT/β-catenin pathway by inhibiting WTX, and this reduction in WTX is associated with epithelial dysplasia via regulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway molecules E-cadherin and β-catenin. Further studies are required for a better understanding of the relationship between LMP1-mediated antagonization of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and tumourigenesis.