援奥驾驶员人格特征与心理健康状况的相关研究

目的研究援奥驾驶员志愿者人格特质与心理健康的相关性。方法采用缩减版明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI-2）及SCL-90,测试1 000名援奥驾驶员,分析两问卷各分量表及因子间的Pearson相关系数。结果援奥驾驶员MMPI剖析图表现为明显的单峰（高D）和单谷（低M a）特征;SCL-90总分为（117.50±26.92）;MMPI分量表分值与SCL-90各因子分值间存在很好的相关性。结论根据人格特征预测援奥驾驶员的心理健康状况是可行的。     

援奥驾驶员综合心理干预后SCL-90减分值的影响因素

目的研究影响援奥驾驶员综合心理干预后SCL-90减分值的因素。方法使用综合心理干预模式对1000名援奥驾驶员进行心理干预2.5个月,并研究年龄、工作时间、驾龄、受教育年限、婚姻状况以及家庭经济条件等因素对干预前后驾驶员SCL-90分值变化的影响。结果在建立的回归方程中,年龄、工作时间、驾龄对SCL-90减分值有正性贡献,受教育年限对SCL-90减分值有负性贡献,婚姻状况以及家庭经济条件对SCL-90无贡献。结论援奥驾驶员SCL-90减分值受年龄、工作时间、驾龄、受教育年限等因素的影响。     

综合心理干预模式对奥运驾驶员志愿者心理健康状况干预效果研究

目的研究综合心理干预模式对奥运驾驶员志愿者心理健康状况的干预效果。方法使用综合心理干预模式对1 000名奥运驾驶员志愿者进行心理干预2.5月,并比较干预前后驾驶员SCL-90分值变化情况。结果与干预前相比,SCL-90总分明显下降（117.50±26.92 vs.107.93±20.59,P〈0.01）;强迫、人际关系敏感、恐怖、偏执、精神病5个因子分显著下降;筛选阳性人数显著下降（227 vs.115,χ2=44.49,P〈0.01）。结论综合心理干预模式对提高奥运驾驶员志愿者的心理健康水平有实际的效果。     

陆航部队飞行人员疲劳及心理健康分析

目的研究陆航部队飞行人员疲劳状况及其与心理健康的关系,为陆航部队开展综合干预提供依据。方法随机选取陆航部队飞行人员138名、地勤人员121名,采用疲劳评定量表(fatigue assessment instrument,FAI)和症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)进行测评,并对疲劳状况与心理健康进行相关性分析。结果 FAI测评结果显示:陆航部队飞行人员FAI的总分及因子1、2、3的分值均明显高于陆航部队地勤人员(P0.05);SCL-90测评结果显示:除恐怖因子外,陆航部队飞行人员SCL-90的总分及其他因子分明显高于陆航部队地勤人员(P0.05);陆航部队飞行人员FAI的总分、因子1、2、3的分值与SCL-90总分及多个因子分呈不同程度的正相关(P0.01或P0.05)。结论陆航部队飞行人员疲劳程度明显高于陆航部队地勤人员,其疲劳状况与心理健康明显相关,应开展以心理干预为主的综合干预,以保障飞行安全。     

综合心理行为干预对高原汽车兵心理弹性、自我和谐及心理应激的影响

目的分析高原汽车兵心理弹性、自我和谐和心理应激的相互关系,并探讨综合心理行为干预对其影响。方法整群抽取川藏线某部汽车兵108人,选取症状自评量表(SCL-90)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)、自我和谐量表(SCCS)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)作为评估指标,在执行任务前14 d(营区,海拔600 m)进行团体测试。用抓阄法抽取其中某连为综合心理行为干预组(n1=51),其他为对照组(n2=57)。采用2(干预组、对照组)×2(执行任务前、执行任务后)配对设计,在执行任务后第2天(藏区,海拔4100 m)进行第2次团体心理测评。结果(1)综合心理行为干预前(干预组+对照组)汽车兵消极应对、稳定性、精神质、自我与经验不和谐、自我刻板性与SCL-90总分均呈显著正相关(r=0.222~0.709,P均0.01),与CD-RISC各因子分均呈显著负相关(r=-0.167~-0.431,P均0.01);积极应对、内外向、掩饰性、灵活性与SCL-90总分均呈显著负相关(r=-0.165~-0.426,P均0.01),与CD-RISC各因子分呈显著正相关(r=0.178~0.599,P均0.01)。回归分析,对SCL-90总分有显著影响因素依次为:消极应对、稳定性、乐观、自我灵活性、精神质(P均0.01)。(2)执行任务后第2天,干预组除强迫、敌对性因子外,SCL-90其它因子分及SCCS总分、消极应对均显著低于对照组(P均0.05);积极应对、CDRISC各因子分均显著高于对照组(P0.01或P0.05)。结论综合心理行为干预能有效降低高原汽车兵过度心理应激,提高心理弹性和自我和谐程度,促进积极应对,是维护和保障急进高海拔环境执行军事运输任务汽车兵心理健康的有效措施。     

综合心理行为干预对急进高原外训空降兵心身的影响

目的探讨综合心理行为干预对急进高原外训空降兵心理的影响和血乳酸变化,为提高急进高原官兵的健康水平提供科学依据。方法从空降兵某部急进高原外训部队抽取146人,随机分为综合心理行为干预组和对照组。进驻高原前2周与进驻高原(海拔4000 m)2周后,利用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、简易应对方式量表进行心理健康评估,并测定血乳酸变化。结果高原环境下干预组在SCL-90总分及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分,SAS和SDS总分,及应对方式中的消极应对因子分,以及血乳酸含量均低于对照组(P0.01);干预组血乳酸含量进驻高原前后比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论综合心理行为干预有助于降低高原环境的心理、生理应激反应,对提高急进高原空降兵心身健康水平有积极作用。     

驻西藏高原军人心理健康状况调查

目的了解驻西藏高原军人心理健康状况并探讨心理干预方法。方法整群随机抽取1 500名驻西藏高原现役军人,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)进行心理健康测评,对SCL-90总分>160分的官兵进行综合心理干预。结果驻西藏高原军人的SCL-90与全国常模比较,除人际敏感因子分(P>0.05)外,其余项目因子分均明显增高(P<0.01);与军人常模比较,躯体化、焦虑、敌对因子分均明显增高(P<0.01);采取综合心理干预后,SCL-90各项因子分均低于干预前、TCSQ的消极应对方式明显减少,差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论驻西藏高原军人心理健康状况值得关注,综合心理干预可提高其心理健康水平。     

大学生心理危机干预与评估

通过连续三年大学新生MMPI-2心理测试,应用临床两点式和单项T分大于75分者进行排查,对MMPI-2测试筛选出来的可疑人群,四个月以后采用复查方法进行二次SDS、SAS、SCL-90、房树人投射测试作为客观评价指标,针对二次测试排查出来的关注学生由专业人员进行面试检查,再次分析、结合临床心理专家的意见和建议,分离出心理危机重点干预人群.于2001～2003年对129例有问题的学生实施心理危机干预,取得了较好效果,报道如下.     

煤工尘肺结核患者精神卫生现状调查及护理干预效果评价

目的调查煤工尘肺结核患者精神卫生现状,对症状较重的患者进行综合护理干预并评价干预效果,以提高煤工尘肺结核患者的精神健康水平。方法采用由Derogatis编制的症状自评量表(SCL-90)对100名煤工尘肺结核患者进行精神卫生现状调查,对分值较高的36名煤工尘肺结核患者给予综合护理干预,评价干预前后的精神症状改善情况。结果 100例煤工尘肺结核住院患者SCL-90总分及各因子分低于国内常模,分值较高的36名煤工尘肺结核患者接受综合护理干预后SCL-90总分及各因子分较干预前均有明显的降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 100例煤工尘肺结核住院患者SCL-90总分及各因子分低于国内常模,对于分值较高的患者进行综合护理干预能明显改善其精神症状,对临床工作有指导意义。     

2008年奥运会驾驶员志愿者人格特征分析

目的研究2008年奥运会驾驶员志愿者人格特征。方法采用缩减版明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI-2)及自制问卷,分析1000名驾驶员志愿者的人格特征。结果驾驶员志愿者在MMPI-2所有8个临床量表上的T分均未超过60分;与军校学员相比,各临床量表得分均有显著差异;MMPI剖析图表现为明显的单峰(高D)和单谷(低Ma)特征。结论驾驶员志愿者总体健康状况良好;具有比较独特的人格特征。     

Relation between insulin resistance and plasma concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides, carotenoids, and tocopherols

BACKGROUND: It is not known whether total circulating lipid hydroperoxides are increased in insulin-resistant individuals and whether this correlates with depletion of liposoluble antioxidant vitamins that are consumed during lipid peroxidation. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to define the relation between resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal and plasma concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides and liposoluble antioxidant vitamins in healthy volunteers. DESIGN: Insulin-mediated glucose disposal was determined in 36 healthy, nondiabetic volunteers by measuring their steady-state plasma insulin (SSPI) and glucose (SSPG) concentrations in response to a 180-min constant infusion of octreotide, insulin, and glucose. In addition, fasting plasma concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides and liposoluble antioxidant vitamins were determined by using the FOX 2 assay and liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Statistically significant direct relations were observed between SSPG and mean arterial blood pressure (r = 0.44, P: = 0.008) and plasma lipid hydroperoxide concentrations (r = 0.42, P: = 0.01), whereas significant inverse correlations were found between SSPG and alpha-carotene (r = -0.58, P: = 0.0002), beta-carotene (r = -0.49, P: = 0.004), lutein (r = -0.35, P: = 0.04), alpha-tocopherol (r = -0. 36, P: = 0.04), and delta-tocopherol (r = -0.45, P: = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Variations in insulin-mediated glucose disposal in healthy individuals are significantly related to plasma concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides and liposoluble antioxidant vitamins. These findings suggest that total plasma lipid peroxidation is increased in insulin-resistant individuals at an early, preclinical stage, ie, well before the development of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes.     

Effects of educational intervention in waiting room on patient satisfaction

This study examines the effects of a low-cost educational intervention designed to occupy the waiting time in the clinic on patient satisfaction with the clinic visit. Patients waiting for appointments were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) educational intervention in the clinic waiting room (n = 160) and (2) usual clinic care (no structured education during the waiting time in the clinic; n = 160). There were significant negative correlations between satisfaction with the visit overall and the time patients waited in the clinic waiting room (r = -.17, p = .003) and their total wait time (r = -.16, p = .005). Patients who were taught while they waited in the clinics were more satisfied with their education than the control group (t = 4.26, df = 318, p < 0.001).     

研究生的自我同一性状态与学业拖延行为的相关研究

目的了解研究生群体自我同一性的发展状况和特点,并探讨其与学业拖延行为的关系。方法采用方便取样法,使用大学生自我同一性状态量表与Aitken拖延行为量表对深圳大学267名在读研究生进行调查。结果①研究生中处于延缓型同一状态的人最多(42.3%),其次是弥散型(27%)。②男生在获得型同一状态的总量表和2个分量表上的得分均高于女生;文科生在延缓型、早闭型和扩散型同一性状态上的得分均低于理工科的学生,获得型同一状态上得分无差异;有工作经验的研究生在所有扩散型分量表上的得分均低于无工作经验的研究生,所有获得型分量表上的得分则相反。③个体在所有获得型同一性状态量表上的得分与学业拖延行为成负相关(r=-0.07-0.11),在其他分量表上的得分与学业拖延行为成正相关(r=0.080.22)。结论研究生自我同一性状态的发展需要引起关注,尤其是注意女生和理工科研究生。促进研究生的自我同一性的发展可能有助于改善其学业拖延行为。     

The Perceived Illness Experience Scale (PIE): reliability and validity revisited.

This paper reports psychometric evaluation of the Perceived illness Experience Scale (PIE). This includes eight sub-scales developed to determine the impact of a chronic illness from the patient's perspective. The sample included 34 patients (mean age = 17 years) successfully treated by limb salvage procedures for a primary bone tumour. Patients also completed measures of well-being (the SF-36) and function. To determine the relationship between patient and proxy ratings, mothers also completed the PIE. Evidence of construct validity of the PIE was obtained from significant correlations between PIE and SF-36 scale scores. There were also significant correlations between function and three of the eight sub-scales of PIE. Good correlations between patients' and mothers' ratings suggests that mothers can be useful proxy raters where patients are unable to provide data themselves. These data suggest that evaluations of patients following limb salvage surgery should not be limited to function measures alone, but need to include assessment of the perceived impact of treatment.     

Adiposity affects human response to inhaled organic dust

BACKGROUND: Swine containment facilities are often highly contaminated with organic dusts that often contain varying levels of endotoxins and other microbial products. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of obesity on the inflammatory response induced by chronic or acute exposure to swine confinement buildings (SCB). METHODS: Two separate studies were performed; Study I included 36 SCB long-time workers and a control group of 35 matched male hospital workers never exposed to SCB. In Study II, 14 na?ve healthy young subjects (8 overweight and 6 lean) volunteered to be acutely exposed to a SCB environment for 5 hr. Markers of sub-clinical inflammation linked to obesity (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6)) or to active inflammation (soluble adhesion molecules, IL-8, TNF) were measured. RESULTS: In the first study, positive correlations were found between girth circumference and serum levels of IL-6 (r = 0.57, P = 0.0003) and CRP (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001) in the control group. These correlations were however blunted or lost in the SCB workers group who showed positive correlations between girth circumference and soluble l-selectin (r = 0.34, P = 0.04), TNFalpha (r = 0.37, P = 0.03), ICAM-1 (r = 0.61, P < 0.0001).In the second study involving acute SCB exposure of na?ve volunteers, no significant differences were observed between normal weight and overweight subjects for white blood cells, nasal lavage cell counts, and IL-8 levels. However, higher levels of CRP, TNF, and IL-6 were detected in overweight volunteers compared to those who were lean. CONCLUSIONS: In pig farmers (Study I), environmentally induced chronic inflammation appears to blunt the sub-clinical inflammation linked to obesity, whereas in na?ve volunteers of Study II, environmentally induced acute inflammation seems to have a potentiating effect on obesity-related inflammatory markers.     

Use of biological markers to validate self-reported dietary intake in a random sample of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer United Kingdom Norfolk cohort

BACKGROUND: The validity of dietary assessment methods should be established before diet-disease associations are reported. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to validate a 7-d food diary and a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) against independent biomarkers of intake in urine (nitrogen, potassium, and sodium) and blood (plasma ascorbic acid). DESIGN: A total of 146 healthy middle-aged men and women were recruited from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer UK Norfolk cohort, a free-living cohort of approximately 25000 persons. Over a 9-mo period, urinary nitrogen, potassium, and sodium were estimated from 2-6 complete 24-h urine collections in 134 subjects and plasma ascorbic acid was estimated from 2-3 fasting blood samples in 118 subjects. Subjects completed 2 FFQs and two 7-d food diaries. RESULTS: In men and women combined, correlations between 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion and dietary intake from the 7-d food diary were high (r = 0.57-0.67) compared with those for the FFQ (r = 0.21-0.29). Similarly, correlations between urinary potassium and dietary potassium were higher for the 7-d food diary (r = 0.51-0.55) than for the FFQ (r = 0.32-0.34). There was no overall difference in correlations between plasma ascorbic acid and dietary vitamin C between the 7-d food diary (r = 0.40-0.52) and the FFQ (r = 0.44-0.45). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that, despite increased subject burden, the 7-d food diary provided a better estimate of nitrogen and potassium intakes than did the FFQ in this study population. However, with respect to plasma ascorbic acid, both the FFQ and 7-d food diary provided a similar ranking of subjects according to vitamin C intake.     

Intrafamilial relations of cardiovascular disease risk factors in African-Americans: longitudinal results from DC SCAN

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined intrafamilial patterns of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in African-American families or identified potential influences on these patterns. This study examines the effects of age and sex of child on correlations between siblings during childhood as well as between mothers and their offspring in African-American families at two points in time. METHODS: CVD risk factors were assessed in a sample of 267 pairs of African-American siblings and their mothers. One hundred nine of these families were selected for a second assessment of CVD risk factors approximately 28 months later. RESULTS: Older siblings had significantly greater correlations than younger siblings with mothers' low-density lipoproteins (r = 0.61 versus r = 0.43 for older and younger siblings, respectively), apolipoprotein A-I (r = 0. 46 versus r = 0.16), and lipoprotein (a) (r = 0.71 versus r = 0.34). Correlations between female siblings were significantly higher than between male siblings for total cholesterol (r = 0.74 versus r = 0. 18 for female versus male siblings), triglycerides (r = 0.56 versus r = 0.05), and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.72 versus r = 0.31); they were also higher between female siblings than between mixed-sex siblings for measures of adiposity (r = 0.46 versus r = 0.19) and total cholesterol (r = 0.74 versus r = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: Significant intrafamilial correlations for African-American children were influenced by both age and sex of siblings, reflecting potential genetic and environmental influences. Assessing family patterns of CVD risk factors in high-risk populations may assist in the early identification of children who can benefit most from intervention.     

烟台大二学生自我接纳与应付方式的调查研究

目的考察大二学生自我接纳和应付方式的特点,探讨二者之间的关系。方法采用自我接纳问卷(SAQ)和应付方式问卷(CSQ)对565名大二学生进行调查。结果在自我接纳方面,男生为17.02±3.65分,女生为17.75±4.11分,男生低于女生(P0.01);在自我评价方面,男生得分为20.43±3.10分,女生为21.24±3.42分,男生低于女生(P0.05)。大二学生主要采用解决问题、求助、幻想的应付方式。在解决问题因子得分上,男生为8.67±2.49分,女生为8.27±2.68分,男生高于女生。在求助因子得分上,男生为5.59±2.46分,女生为6.18±2.51分,男生低于女生(P0.01);在幻想因子得分上,男生为4.14±2.06分,女生为4.49±2.11分,男生低于女生(P0.05)。大二学生自我接纳因子与应付方式中的解决问题因子(r=-0.295)和求助因子(r=-0.139)呈显著负相关,与合理化因子(r=0.189)、自责因子(r=0.342)、幻想因子(r=0.290)、退避因子(r=0.264)呈显著正相关(P0.01)。自我评价因子与解决问题因子(r=-0.360)和求助因子(r=-0.158)呈显著负相关(P0.01),与自责因子(r=0.266)和退避因子(r=0.128)呈显著正相关(P0.01)。结论自我接纳与应付方式之间存在显著相关,建议提高大二学生的自我接纳水平以促进其形成积极成熟的应付方式。