C-reactive protein in type 1 diabetes and its relationship to coronary artery calcification

OBJECTIVE: In 196 type 1 diabetic subjects and 195 nondiabetic subjects aged 30-55 years, we examined whether C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated in diabetes and whether CRP is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: CRP was measured with a highly sensitive immunoassay. CAC was measured using electron beam computed tomography. RESULTS: CRP was elevated in diabetic women compared with nondiabetic women (median 1.62 vs. 0.85 mg/l, P < 0.001) independently of other factors, but was similar in diabetic and nondiabetic men (median 0.82 vs. 0.81 mg/l). Insulin dose per day was positively correlated with CRP in diabetic women (Spearman's rho = 0.36, P = 0.0003) but much less so in men (rho = 0.16, P = 0.09). Being in the top tertile for CRP was associated with CAC in diabetic and nondiabetic men even after adjustment for other risk factors (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.6 and 4.3, respectively, P = 0.02 for both). In nondiabetic women, being in the top tertile for CRP was associated with CAC (OR 3.1, P = 0.04), but not independently of BMI (OR = 1 after adjustment). Among diabetic women the association was not significant even before adjustment for BMI (OR = 2.6, P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CRP in diabetic women might reflect a particular sensitivity to insulin levels or might reflect insulin resistance. In general, CRP is an important marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, but the clinical significance of elevated CRP in diabetic women needs to be addressed in prospective studies, since CRP was not clearly associated with CAC in this group.     

初诊2型糖尿病合并代谢综合征患者血清高分子量脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗、C反应蛋白的相关性

目的观察初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并代谢综合征(MS)患者血清高分子量脂联素(HMW-APN)水平及其与胰岛素抵抗(IR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的相关性。方法选取研究对象168例,分为健康人对照组80例及初诊T2DM患者88例;初诊T2DM患者再根据是否合并MS分为单纯T2DM组45例和T2DM合并MS组43例。研究对象均行75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验及胰岛素释放试验,并检测血清HMW-APN、CRP、血脂等相关生化指标。结果与健康人对照组比较,T2DM合并MS组及T2DM组血清HMW-APN水平降低(P0.01),以T2DM合并MS组最低。T2DM合并MS组及T2DM组血清CRP升高(P0.01),以T2DM合并MS组最高。简单相关分析显示,血清HMW-APN水平与体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臂比(WHR)、收缩压(SBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2小时血糖(2h PG)、糖化血红蛋白Alc(Hb A1c)、三酰甘油(TG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及CRP呈负相关(P均0.01),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)呈正相关(P均0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,WC、2h PG及CRP是血清HMW-APN水平的独立影响因素(P均0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,HMW-APN是T2DM发生MS的保护因素,BMI、FPG、SBP、TG是其危险因素(P0.01或P0.05)。结论血清HMW-APN水平在初诊T2DM合并MS患者中降低,其与IR及CRP密切相关,在初诊T2DM合并MS的发生、发展中起保护作用。     

A case of diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with COVID‐19 and newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes

To improve severe ketoacidosis with COVID‐19, insulin treatment, invasive mechanical ventilation therapy, and continuous hemodiafiltration with sodium bicarbonate infusion were effective.     

超敏C反应蛋白与2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法收集83例2型糖尿病患者和40例体检健康者血清,根据患者血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平将糖尿病组患者分为LDL-C水平增高组和LDL-C水平正常组,测定所有受检者血清hs-CRP水平及糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。结果 hs-CRP水平在LDL-C增高组、正常组及对照组之间呈逐渐下降趋势,两两比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);hs-CRP浓度与LDL-C浓度呈正相关(r=0.4781,P0.05);2型糖尿病患者中合并颈动脉粥样硬化者血清hs-CRP阳性率明显高于无颈动脉病变者(P0.01)。结论 2型糖尿病患者血清hs-CRP水平显著升高,且与患者LDL-C浓度及颈总动脉粥样硬化形成有一定的相关性。     

高敏C-反应蛋白与肥胖及非肥胖儿童相关指标关系的探讨

目的了解高敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）在肥胖及非肥胖儿童体内的水平,探讨高敏C-反应蛋白与体重指数（BMI）、临床及实验室相关指标的关系。方法设计两平行组,将114例非肥胖儿童作为对照组,131例肥胖儿童作为研究对象,测量高敏C-反应蛋白水平及相关指标。结果肥胖组高敏C-反应蛋白水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．001）。生化指标空腹血糖和三酰甘油在肥胖组和对照组中有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。高敏C-反应蛋白与BMI之间呈明显相关性（P〈0．05）。结论高敏C-反应蛋白与BMI呈明显正相关;大部分非肥胖儿童的高敏C-反应蛋白浓度不超过2mg／L。     

Plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels in children with type I diabetes

The serum concentrations of apolipoproteins C-III, B, and A-I were determined in children with type I diabetes mellitus to establish whether they correlated with the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1) and to determine whether these values differ between diabetic children and a population of normal children. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and apolipoprotein (Apo) levels were studied in 95 children with type I diabetes; 51 of the children were attending a diabetes clinic and 44 were attending a diabetes summer camp. The level of Hb A1 correlated with Apo C-III (P less than .001) and TC (P less than .001) values in the clinic group, but not with Apo A-I or TG levels in either group. The Apo C-III level was higher in both groups of diabetic children (8.0 +/- 0.5 and 9.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dl) (P less than .01) than in normal subjects (6.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl). We conclude that the Apo C-III level tends to be higher in diabetics than in normal subjects, even in the normotriglyceridemic camp group. The Apo C-III level correlated with both the TC level and Hb A1, suggesting that Apo C-III determinations in type I diabetic patients may permit early identification of atherosclerotic risk.     

儿童社区获得性肺炎的血清降钙素原与超敏C反应蛋白的相关性分析

目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)与超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)检测结果 在儿童社区获得性肺炎中的相关性.方法 112例儿童社区获得性肺炎患者入院后24 h内检测PCT、hs-CRP,并进行相关性分析.结果 细菌性肺组炎PCT与hs-CRP呈正相关(r=0.855,P<0.01),支原体肺炎组和病毒性肺炎组的PCT与hs-CRP均无相关性(P>0.05),细菌性肺炎组PCT和hs-CRP的阳性率明显高于支原体肺炎组和病毒性肺炎组(P<0.05).支原体肺炎组hs-CRP阳性率与病毒性肺炎组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 细菌性肺炎患者PCT 与hs-CRP检测结果 呈正相关,联合检测有助于对社区获得性肺炎的鉴别诊断及合理用药.     

2型糖尿病患者高敏C反应蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关研究

目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系。方法选取62例T2DM患者和30例正常对照者,用免疫透射比浊法测定hsCRP及用高分辨彩色多普勒测定颈动脉IMT,根据所测的hsCRP水平将T2DM患者分为低hsCRP组(0.05~3 mg/L)30例,高hsCRP组(>3~10 mg/L)32例;T2DM患者给予降糖、调脂等综合性治疗1年,再测定治疗后hsCRP和颈动脉IMT,分析hsCRP与颈动脉IMT变化的关系。结果T2DM患者综合治疗1年后,高hsCRP组颈动脉IMT的增厚明显高于低hsCRP组[(1.05±0.15)mm vs(0.84±0.12)mm(P<0.05)];相关分析中,T2DM患者高hsCRP组在治疗前、后颈动脉IMT与hsCRP呈正相关(r=0.882,r=0.905,均P<0.05)。结论在T2DM中,hsCRP水平的增高与颈动脉IMT的增厚有关,提示血清hsCRP增高可能是T2DM患者合并早期动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一。     

Obesity, plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and insulin resistance status among school children in Taiwan

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of obesity and plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in relation to insulin resistance status among school children in Taiwan. METHODS: After multistage sampling, we randomly selected 1438 children (701 boys and 737 girls) with the mean age of 13.4 years (from 12 to 16) in Taipei in 2003. Anthropometric measures and plasma biochemical variables (including lipid profiles, glucose and insulin) were measured using standard methods. Plasma hs-CRP levels were measured using nephelometric methods. We calculated insulin resistance (IR) index using HOMA methods and further calculated a gender-specific insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) summary score by adding the quartile ranks from the distribution of systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and insulin levels of each children. A high IRS summary score corresponds to higher levels of SBP, TG and insulin levels and lower levels of HDL-C. RESULTS: Boys were taller, heavier, had larger BMI, glucose, IRS summary score and hs-CRP than girls; however, there is no difference in plasma TG, insulin levels, and IR index between genders. Plasma hs-CRP levels were positively correlated with anthropometric measures, TG, insulin levels, IR index, and IRS summary score and negatively correlated with HDL-C. Anthropometric measures, plasma TG, insulin levels, IR index and IRS summary score were significantly higher in children with higher plasma hs-CRP levels (test for trend p<0.05). After adjustment for age, heart rate, smoking and drinking, hs-CRP continued to be positively associated with anthropometric variables (weight and BMI), insulin levels, and IR index and negatively correlated with HDL-C in both genders. Plasma hs-CRP levels were also positively associated with TG and IRS summary score in boys and glucose in girls. However, after further adjusting for BMI, the association of hs-CRP on TG, insulin levels, IR index and IRS summary score disappeared in boys and on body weight, HDL-C, insulin level and IR index disappeared in girls. CONCLUSION: Plasma hs-CRP levels are positively related to anthropometric variables, such as body weight and BMI, insulin levels, IR index and IRS summary score and negatively related to HDL-C in Taiwanese children. Moreover, the degree of body fat status (as measured by BMI) plays a more significantly role on insulin resistance status than hs-CRP levels among Taiwanese children.     

~1H MRS对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰腺脂肪沉积的量化及与胰岛β细胞功能的关系研究

目的分析胰腺脂肪含量与肝脏脂肪含量、血清甘油三酯(TG)及胰岛β细胞功能的关系。材料与方法在3.0 T磁共振系统应用单体素点分辨波谱序列(PRESS)对58例初诊2型糖尿病患者和32名无糖尿病志愿者的胰腺和肝脏进行1H MRS扫描,应用SAGE软件测量其脂肪和水的峰下面积,计算胰腺和肝脏脂肪分数。分析胰腺脂肪含量与肝脏脂肪含量、身高体重指数(BMI)、TG、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态模型胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)以及李-Bennett胰岛β细胞功能指数(MBCI)的相关性。结果58例初诊2型糖尿病患者和32名无糖尿病志愿者的平均胰腺脂肪分数分别为(16.09±6.27)%和(14.56±7.97)%,差异无统计学差异(P0.05)。其中,32例初诊2型糖尿病患者和全部无糖尿病志愿者成功测量肝脏脂肪分数,平均数值分别为(21.13±14.44)%和(12.43±12.19)%,差异有统计学差异(P=0.006)。相关性分析表明,初诊2型糖尿病患者的胰腺脂肪含量与肝脏脂肪含量、BMI、TG、空腹血糖、FINS、MBCI、HOMA-β及HOMA-IR均无明确相关性(r0.15,P0.05),而无糖尿病志愿者的胰腺脂肪含量与肝脏脂肪含量(r=0.502,P=0.003)、TG(r=0.467,P=0.007)及BMI(r=0.362,P=0.042)有中度至低度的相关性。结论初诊2型糖尿病患者的胰腺脂肪含量与肝脏脂肪含量、TG及胰岛β细胞功能不相关。     

初诊2型糖尿病患者前列环素与胰岛素抵抗的相关分析

目的分析初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血浆前列环素(PGI2)水平变化及其与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的相关性。方法选择初诊T2DM患者60例及健康对照组60例,测定体质量、身高、血脂、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后2h胰岛素(2hINS),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),测定血浆PGI2的稳定代谢产物6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)浓度,并作相关性分析。结果 T2DM组体质量指数(BMI)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、FPG、2hPG、FINS、2hINS、HOMA-IR均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);T2DM组血浆6-keto-PGF1α水平较健康对照组明显下降(P0.01);血浆6-keto-PGF1α水平与HOMA-IR呈负相关(r=-0.82,P0.01)。结论 T2DM患者存在IR,血浆PGI2的代谢终末产物6-keto-PGF1α水平与IR密切相关。     

白细胞和超敏C反应蛋白测定在小儿支原体肺炎中的临床意义

目的探讨肺炎支原体感染儿童外周血白细胞（WBC）和血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）的变化及临床意义。方法对70例临床确诊为肺炎支原体感染患儿的外周血WBC及血清hs—CRP检测结果进行回顾性分析总结。结果70例支原体肺炎患儿外周血WBC增高21例，有3例减低，阳性检出率为34％；血清hs—CRP增高19例，阳性检出率27％。两者阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在WBC计数升高的患儿中，hs-CRP随炎性反应的加重而升高，两者呈正相关关系（P〈0．05）。结论hs—CRP不能作为支原体肺炎患儿早期诊断的敏感指标，外周血WBC计数优于血清hs-CRP检测。小儿肺炎支原体感染的诊断除观察外周血WBC和血清hs—CRP变化外，还应结合临床表现、X线检查及其他血清学及细菌学检查等作综合判断，避免漏诊。     

Effects of nicotinamide and intravenous insulin therapy in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intravenous insulin therapy combined with nicotinamide in the metabolic control and beta-cell function of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic subjects in comparison with intensive insulin therapy and nicotinamide alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 34 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients were included. After the correction of initial metabolic disturbances, subjects were randomly assigned to the following three groups within 72 h after admission: 1) intensive insulin therapy + placebo (C) (n = 12); 2) intensive insulin therapy + nicotinamide, 700 mg three times a day (NIC) (n = 11); and 3) 72-h intravenous insulin followed by intensive insulin therapy + nicotinamide, 700 mg three times a day (NIV) (n = 11). The subjects were monitored for 12 months. GAD, tyrosine phosphatase antibodies, and insulin autoantibodies were measured. C-peptide was measured basally and after 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min of 1 mg intravenous glucagon. HbA1c, glucagon, and antibody measurements were determined initially and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS: HbA1c values declined to normal after treatment was initiated in all groups and remained not significantly different during the follow-up period. We did not find differences between experimental (NIC and NIV) and placebo (C) groups in terms of beta-cell function, considering basal or glucagon-stimulated C-peptide (maximal stimulated C-peptide and area under the curve [AUC] of C-peptide) values during the follow-up period. After pooling data from the NIC and NIV groups (both including nicotinamide) and comparing it with data from the C group, the results remained unchanged. At diagnosis, GAD positivity was observed in 10 of 12, 8 of 11, and 10 of 11 subjects (NS) in the C, NIC, and NIV groups, respectively, and IA2 positivity was observed in 3 of 12, 4 of 11, and 4 of 11 subjects (NS) in the C, NIC, and NIV groups, respectively. Antibody titers displayed a similar behavior in all groups during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study failed to demonstrate that the addition of 72-h intravenous insulin and nicotinamide to conventional intensive insulin therapy produces any beneficial effect in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic subjects in terms of beta-cell function and metabolic control.     

脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸和高敏C反应蛋白水平分析

目的：观察脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）和高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平的变化，探讨两者与脑梗死严重程度的关系。方法：测定74例脑梗死患者和70例健康对照者的血清Hcy、hs-CRP含量，并分析其与脑梗死患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分的相关性。结果：脑梗死患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．01）。脑梗死不同临床分型组间血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平两两比较，Hcy差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），hs-CRP差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP含量与临床神经功能缺损程度评分呈显著正相关（r=0．631，P〈0．05）。结论血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平增高与脑梗死的发生有密切关系，hs-CRP能反映脑梗死的病变程度。     

初诊2型糖尿病患者应用胰岛素的观察

目的观察初发2型糖尿病患者应用持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSⅡ)前后血糖控制水平、胰岛功能的改变。方法对初发2型糖尿病患者应用CSⅡ治疗2周,分析比较治疗前后患者血糖、血脂、胰岛功能等的不同水平。结果CSⅡ治疗显示了快速稳定的降血糖效果,血脂、胰岛功能均得到改善。结论早期应用胰岛素有保护胰岛功能、稳定降低血糖、血脂的作用。     

Clinical study of autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus children with ketoacidosis or microalbuminuria

AimsThe study aimed to investigate the value of autoantibodies in predicting the risk of ketoacidosis or microalbuminuria in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsClinical data and laboratory indicators of 80 patients with type 1 diabetes admitted to the Department of Endocrinology in Tianjin Children''s Hospital, from June 2017 to March 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: diabetes without ketoacidosis group (n = 20) and diabetes with ketoacidosis group (n = 60). The differences in general data, laboratory test indexes, and autoantibodies between the two groups were analyzed. Finally, ROC curves and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the value of autoantibodies in patients with ketoacidosis or microalbuminuria.ResultsA total of 80 children with type 1 diabetes were assessed, including 35 boys and 45 girls, ranging in age from 10 months to 15 years. The concentration of GADA, IA2A, and ZnT8A was not statistically different between the two groups, but the positive rate of ZnT8A was statistically significant (p = 0.038) and had a diagnostic value for the occurrence of ketoacidosis (p = 0.025). ZnT8A‐positive patients had a higher titer of IA2A and a more frequent prevalence of GADA and IA2A than ZnT8A‐negative patients (p < 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the presence of positive ZnT8A was associated with a higher risk of microalbuminuria independent of age, sex, and BMI (OR = 4.184 [95% CI 1.034~16.934], p = 0.045).ConclusionsThe positive ZnT8A had diagnostic value for ketoacidosis in children with type 1 diabetes and had the highest specificity among the three kinds of autoantibodies. Moreover, ZnT8A positivity was related to a higher titer of IA2A and more frequent occurrence of multiple diabetes‐related autoantibodies. Besides, the presence of positive ZnT8A was an independent risk factor of microalbuminuria in children with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, we can infer that positive ZnT8A may be related to ketoacidosis and microalbuminuria, accelerating the progression of T1DM.     

初诊2型糖尿病患者HbA1c与血清MCP-1、MMP-9的相关性研 究简

目的：探讨初诊2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）与血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、基质金属蛋白-9（MMP-9）的相关性及其临床价值。方法同期对103例初诊2型糖尿病患者（糖尿病组）和103例健康志愿者（对照组）的HbA1c水平及血清MCP-1和MMP-9进行检测和相关性分析。结果糖尿病组患者的HbA1c及血清MCP-1和MMP-9水平,均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=17.04、7.23、10.28,P均＜0.05）。糖尿病患者血清MCP-1和MMP-9均与HbA1c呈正相关性（r分别=0.75、0.74、P均＜0.05）。结论即使对于初诊2型糖尿病患者,也应全面筛查和评估有无发生糖尿病并发症和相关风险性;监测HbA1c也可间接反映患者体内免疫炎症反应的强度及并发症发生情况。