C-reactive protein associated with coronary artery disease in Iranian patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease

INTRODUCTION: Several cross-sectional and cohort studies have reported an association between serum markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein, and coronary heart disease in Caucasian populations. We aimed to investigate the relationship between levels of serum C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Iranian patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: Serum hs-CRP, fasting lipid profile and blood glucose levels were measured in 110 patients (61 males and 49 females) undergoing routine coronary angiography. Anthropometric features including blood pressure were determined using standard procedures. Demographic characteristics, including post-menopausal status and smoking habit were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 110 subjects undergoing angiography, 74 (67.28%) had significant CAD (CAD+) and 36 (32.72%) were classified as having insignificant CAD (CAD-). Mean age (p<0.01), waist circumference (p<0.01) and LDL (p<0.05) and median values of hs-CRP (p<0.01) and triglycerides (p<0.05) were higher in the patients CAD+ than in the subjects CAD-. The proportion of women who were postmenopausal was also significantly higher in the CAD+ group. Age (p<0.01), waist circumference (p<0.05) and hs-CRP (p<0.05) were significant CAD predictive factors from logistic regression analysis. Serum hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0.05), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (r=0.31, p<0.001), and serum triglycerides (r=0.191, p<0.05) correlated with serum hs-CRP. The median value of serum hs-CRP increased with the severity of the disease, but failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Serum hs-CRP is an independent predictor of angiographically defined CAD in an Iranian population. Measurement of the serum hs-CRP level may improve risk stratification among patients suspected of having CAD. The strong correlations between serum hs-CRP with LDL and smoking may be due to the putative pro-inflammatory effects of these two parameters. The association with serum triglycerides may be indirect and related to insulin resistance and adiposity.     

中国土家族人群血管紧张素原和血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的研究血管紧张素原(AGT)基因M235T分子变异和血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)基因I/D多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测冠心病(CHD)组137例和健康对照组125例AGT基因多态性,采用聚合酶链反应技术检测CHD组和健康对照组ACE基因I/D多态性。结果 CHD组AGT-TT基因型频率为75.91%,显著高于健康对照组43.20%(P<0.01);ACE-DD基因型频率为35.77%,显著高于健康对照组15.20%(P<0.01)。结论在中国土家族人群中,AGT基因TT基因型和ACE基因DD基因型是CHD发病既相互独立又具有协同作用的危险因子。     

Impact of therapy with statins,beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on plasma myeloperoxidase in patients with coronary artery disease

Purpose  

The present study investigated whether therapy with statins, beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on admission affects the plasma level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).     

冠心病患者抑郁症状与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的:观察冠心病患者抑郁症状与冠状动脉病变程度以及抑郁程度与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法:选择做冠状动脉造影患者148例。冠心病组91例,非冠心病组57例。148例冠状动脉造影患者在术前用自评抑郁量表(SDS)测定抑郁程度,冠状动脉造影评价病变程度并作相关分析。结果:冠心病组(91例)22例(24%)有抑郁症状,其中轻、中、重度抑郁分别为15,6和1例。非冠心病组(57例)10例(18%)有抑郁症状,其中轻、中、重度抑郁分别为5,4和1例。冠心病组抑郁发生率(24%)略高于非冠心病组(18%),但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。两组SDS记分分别为35.3±7.0和34.6±8.2,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。相关分析表明,冠心病患者抑郁程度与冠状动脉病变程度无相关性(R=-0.085,P=0.42)。结论:冠心病患者抑郁中轻度抑郁占多数,抑郁程度与冠状动脉病变程度无关。     

冠心病并发抑郁的研究进展

综述了抑郁症致冠心病发生、发展的可能机制有炎症学说、血小板聚集增强、脂质代谢紊乱和心率变异性下降,冠心病致抑郁的机制有社会心理因素及生理机制五大学说;对冠心病并发抑郁的干预也进行了阐述.     

蒙古族人群血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与高血压的关系

背景有关血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与高血压关系的研究已有报道,但在蒙古族人群中尚不十分清楚.蒙古族是高血压患病率较高的民族,因此有必要探讨蒙古族人群中血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与高血压的关系.目的探讨蒙古族人群血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与高血压的关系.设计采用现况调查的方法.地点和对象选择内蒙古自治区通辽市科左后旗朝鲁吐苏木作为本研究现场,所有研究对象均为在此长期居住的蒙古族居民.共获得有高血压家族史的高血压者51例、血压正常者32例和没有高血压家族史的高血压者64例、血压正常者85例.干预应用聚合酶链式反应检测血管紧张素转换酶基因的插入/缺失多态性.主要观察指标血管紧张素转换酶多态性基因型频率和I、D等位基因频率.结果血管紧张素转换酶基因的三种基因型(II,ID,DD)在4组人群间的分布差异无显著性意义(P＞0.1).在4组人群中均表现出ID基因型频率最高,其次为Ⅱ基因型,DD基因型频率最低.I,D等位基因在4组人群间的分布也差异无显著性意义(P＞0.1).在4组人群中I等位基因频率均高于D等位基因频率.结论血管紧张素转换酶基因I/D多态性与蒙古族高血压的发生无关联.     

Frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in Turkish hypertensive patients

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease, in which genetic factors play an important role. This study was carried out to determine angiotensin-converting enzyme levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in Turkish hypertensive patients, and to establish whether there is an association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with clinical and echocardiographic parameters. We have investigated the association among the allelic distribution of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene identified by polymerase chain reaction, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity determined spectrophotometrically, cardiac morphology and function assessed by means of echocardiography. Distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and allele frequencies in hypertensive patients was not significantly different from controls. D allele frequency was 51.7% in hypertensives vs. 51.9% in controls and I allele 48.3 vs. 48.1%, respectively. The level of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was significantly higher in the patients homozygotes for D allele (DD = 59.93 U/l) than in heterozygotes (ID = 39.49) and in homozygotes for I allele (II = 40.28 U/l). In addition to these, the level of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was significantly lower in the ID and especially II patients receiving ACE inhibitors than the others. Also, it was determined that left atrium diameter was larger in the patients homozygotes for I allele than the others.     

血管紧张素转换酶及血管紧张素原基因多态性与高血压左室肥厚的相关研究

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性及血管紧张素原(AGT)基因M235T多态性与高血压左室肥厚(LVH)的关系。方法对68例超声心动图诊断的未接受治疗的高血压合并LVH患者与76例高血压非LVH患者进行病例对照研究。采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)与限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术检测ACE基因I/D多态性及AGT基因M235T变异。以二维引导的M型超声心动图测量并计算左室重量。结果①该组高血压患者ACE与AGT基因型的分布均符合Hardy Weinberg平衡。②ACE基因I/D基因型在LVH组与非LVH组的分布差异有显著性(χ2=6.777,P<0.05)。LVH组DD基因型与D等位基因的频率均高于非LVH组(DD基因型:0.31vs0.13,χ2=6.674,P=0.01;D等位基因:0.54vs0.41,χ2=4.837,P<0.05)。③AGT基因M235T基因型在LVH组与非LVH组的分布差异有显著性(χ2=7.133,P<0.05)。LVH组TT基因型与T235等位基因的频率均高于非LVH组(TT基因型:0.62vs0.40,χ2=7.133,P<0.01;T235等位基因:0.78vs0.65,χ2=5.741,P<0.05)。④联合基因分析显示,LVH组ACE DD+AGT TT基因型频率显著高于非LVH组(0.22vs0.05,χ2=8.839,P<0.01),具有该联合基因型者发生LVH的风险比数比(OR=5.094)明显高于单独具有ACE DD基因型(OR=2.949)或AGT TT基因型(OR=2.477)者。结论ACE     

老年冠心病患者肾功能减低与严重冠状动脉病变的关系

目的:探讨老年冠心病患者肾功能减低与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法:219例经冠状动脉造影确诊且未合并原发肾脏疾病的老年冠心病患者,以简化MDRD公式计算肾小球滤过率,依据冠状动脉造影结果判断冠状动脉病变严重程度。结果:104例(47.5%)患者肾功能减低,其中慢性肾脏疾病患者37例(16.9%);严重冠状动脉病变患者117例(53.4%)。严重冠状动脉病变患者肾小球滤过率明显减低(P<0.05)。肾小球滤过率<70mL/(min.1.73m2)为严重冠状动脉病变的最强预测因子(P<0.05)。既往高血压病史、合并糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇>2.6mmol/L及低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇也是严重冠状动脉病变的独立预测因素。结论:合并肾功能下降是老年冠心病患者发生严重冠状动脉病变的独立危险因素,其预测价值超过传统冠心病危险因素。     

Effect of apolipoprotein E genotypes on incidence and development of coronary stenosis in Iranian patients with coronary artery disease

Background: Apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism plays a significant role in the development of coronary disease, but their involvement in coronary artery stenosis (CAS) is controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of this polymorphism on atherosclerosis, and severity and extent of CAS in unrelated Iranian population. Methods: DNA was isolated from 390 study participants and APOE genotypes were determined utilizing the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: The APOE‐ε4 and ‐ε2 allele frequencies were significantly higher in the CAS patients than in the control group (P<0.05). The association of Apo E polymorphism with the severity of stenosis was evaluated, which is according to the result that apolipoprotein E alleles were not significantly different when compared with the severity of stenosis (χ²=0.84, P>0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that APOE‐ε4 is a risk factor for stenosis but does not has any effect on the severity of this disease. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:43–46, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Association of serum ferritin with coronary artery disease

BackgroundPublished results regarding the association of serum ferritin with coronary artery disease (CAD) were conflicting, thus a case–control study and a meta-analysis were performed to assess the association between serum ferritin and CAD risk.MethodsA hospital-based case–control study was conducted with 258 CAD cases and 282 healthy controls. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) function with three knots was used to assess the concentration-risk association between serum ferritin and CAD risk. A meta-analysis was performed including 20 outcomes. Fixed or random effect pooled measure was selected on the basis of homogeneity test among studies.ResultsIn our case–control study, compared with serum ferritin concentrations less than 200 μg/L as the reference, the trend of CAD risk increased by 4.2% for every 50 μg/L increase in serum ferritin (OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 0.946–1.147). In the meta-analysis and after excluding articles that were the key contributors to between-study heterogeneity, the standardized mean difference (SMD) of serum ferritin was associated with increased CAD risk (FEM: SMD = 0.119, 95% CI = 0.073–0.165). And the concentration-risk meta-analysis suggested that, for every 50 μg/L increase of serum ferritin, the risk of CAD increases by 2.4% (OR = 1.024, 95% CI = 1.001–1.048).ConclusionThese findings indicate that serum ferritin is weakly positively associated with CAD risk. This risk needs to be confirmed by further studies.     

老年高血压人群血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与颈动脉硬化相关性探讨

目的　探讨血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因多态性与老年高血压人群颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法　运用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术检测 12 6例老年高血压患者 (高血压组 )及 72例正常老年人 (对照组 )的ACE基因多态性 ,根据PCR检测结果 ,将高血压组分为DD型 (34例 )、Ⅱ型 (4 2例 )及ID型 (5 0例 ) 3个亚组 ,用高分辨超声技术分别检测 3个亚组对象的平均颈动脉内 中膜厚度 (MIMT)、Crouse积分和颈动脉粥样斑块。结果　高血压组ACE基因型及等位基因频率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义 ,3个亚组比较 ,DD型亚组的MIMT、斑块发生率和Crouse积分均较Ⅱ型亚组增高 [(0 .95± 0 .15 )mmvs (0 .85± 0 .11)mm ,82 .35 %vs 5 7.14 % ,均P <0 .0 5和 (7.13± 6 .6 4 )mmvs(2 .6 3± 2 .4 0 )mm ,P <0 .0 1]。结论　ACE基因多态性与老年高血压不相关 ,在高血压人群中 ,ACE基因缺失型具有颈动脉硬化易感性 ,可能是高血压血管损害的遗传学基础之一     

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene A/G polymorphism and elevated blood pressure in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome

To establish whether angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene A/G single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with hypertension in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome. The study was conducted in 353 patients with metabolic syndrome. The alleles of the ACE2 A/G polymorphism, which is located on the X chromosome, were detected using polymerase chain reaction and subsequent cleavage by Alu I restriction endonuclease. G allele frequencies in patients with metabolic syndrome were 36.6% in female subjects and 43.4% in male subjects, respectively. Female patients with metabolic syndrome who carry the GG genotype had a significantly higher diastolic blood pressure compared with other genotypes. Multivariate logistic regression showed that female gender (P = 0.019) and carrying only the G allele (odds ratio 2.83 [95% CI 1.36 to 5.91]; P = 0.005) were significantly associated with increased diastolic blood pressure. It is concluded that the ACE2 A/G polymorphism is associated with hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome.     

影响冠状动脉病变程度的危险因素与抑郁状态分析

目的研究冠状动脉病变程度不同的冠心病（CHD）患者糖脂代谢异常的情况及抑郁状态。方法选择2008年4月—2009年6月初次行冠状动脉造影的患者117例,根据造影检查结果分为冠状动脉正常组（Control）,冠状动脉狭窄组（AS）及经皮冠状动脉支架置入术组（PCI）。所有研究对象均测量简易体脂参数,空腹血糖（FPG）,餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）,糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）,糖化白蛋白水平（GA）,血脂谱,并使用Zung自评抑郁量表（SDS）测定抑郁程度。结果①冠脉病变程度与年龄及GA水平正相关,而与高密度脂蛋白（HDL-c）水平负相关。②校正年龄性别后,AS组与PCI组的抑郁评分与Control组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。③多因素分析显示,年龄、HDL-c是冠状动脉病变的独立危险因素。结论冠心病患者抑郁程度高于正常人,护理工作需兼顾心理疏导。     

Apolipoprotein B as the best predictor of coronary artery disease in Iranian normolipidemic patients

OBJECTIVES: A relatively high proportion of Iranian patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have normal levels of traditional lipid risk factors and show early onset of CAD. In this study we examined the roles of apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) and lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] in predicting coronary heart disease in normolipidemic patients and those with premature CAD (age < or = 50). DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum levels of apoB, apoAI, and LP(a) were determined in a total of 567 Iranian patients who were candidates for coronary angiography. A subgroup of 142 patients (93 males, 49 females) with normal levels of classical lipid risk factors, and a subgroup of patients (130 males, 71 females) with age below 50 years were separately assessed for coronary risk factors. RESULTS: ApoB concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CAD (CAD+) relative to patients without CAD (CAD-) in the two subgroups. Multiple logistic regression after controlling for age and others risk factors showed apoB as the best determinant of CAD in the normolipidemic subgroup (OR, 4.3, p < 0.001) and in the men aged < or = 50 (OR, 5.7, p < 0.001). ApoB was the best predictor of CAD in a subgroup of very young patients (age < or = 40, n = 77, OR, 8.6, p < 0.009). There was a significant correlation between severity of atherosclerosis and serum apoB concentration in the normolipidemic subgroup (r = 0.22, p < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that serum concentration of apoB is the best discriminating factor to predict the presence or absence of atherosclerosis in Iranian normolipidemic individuals and young patients undergoing coronary angiography.     

Lipoprotein lipase HindIII polymorphism influences HDL-cholesterol levels in statin-treated patients with coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is a recognized athero-protective factor and low levels of HDL-C occur frequently in patients with coronary artery disease. Regulation of HDL-C level most probably results from the interaction of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism and also from non-genetic factors. We studied associations and interactions among HindIII polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene LPL and selected non-genetic factors with respect to HDL-C levels in patients with coronary artery disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 288 Slovak patients (35% women) with documented coronary artery disease, age (mean +/- SEM) 60 +/- 1 years and BMI 29 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2), were examined and genotyped for LPL HindIII (rs320) using a PCR/RFLP method. HDL-C levels were determined in a direct enzymatic assay. RESULTS: In the sample overall there were no significant differences across the LPL genotypes in adjusted HDL-C levels or in other lipids, although a trend toward higher HDL-C and lower triglycerides in H-H- homozygotes was observed. Multiple linear regression identified a significant interaction between LPL HindIII and statin treatment, which together with sex and diabetes explained 12.1% of HDL-C variance. Accordingly, in statin-treated patients we observed significant stepwise increments of the HDL-C level related to the increasing number of H- alleles (P = 0.04 for linear trend), whereas no such association was observed in patients without hypolipidemic treatment. H-H- homozygotes had a 16% (0.19 mmol/l) higher level of HDL-C than the H+H+ homozygotes (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: HDL-C may be influenced by an interaction between statin treatment and LPL HindIII genotype. However, the effect of this interaction appears to be small when compared with the effect of non-genetic factors. This finding requires replication in a pharmacogenetic study.     

Association of atherosclerosis in the descending thoracic aorta with coronary artery disease on multi detector row computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

The association between atherosclerosis in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) visualized on computed tomography coronary angiography (CTA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been extensively explored. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of DTA atherosclerosis on CTA was performed and the association of DTA atherosclerosis with CAD was evaluated in patients with suspected CAD. A total of 344 patients (54 ± 12 years, 54 % men) with suspected CAD underwent CTA. CTA were classified based on CAD severity in no signs of atherosclerosis or minor wall-irregularities <30 %, non-significant CAD 30–50 %, or significant CAD ≥50 % stenosis. The DTA was divided in segments according the posterior intercostal arteries. Per segment the presence of atherosclerotic plaque (defined as ≥2 mm wall thickness) was determined and maximal wall thickness was measured. Plaque composition was scored as non-calcified or mixed and the percentage of DTA segments with atherosclerosis was calculated. Significant CAD was present in 152 (44 %) patients and 278 (81 %) had DTA atherosclerotic plaque. DTA maximal wall thickness and percentage of DTA segments with atherosclerosis were 2.7 ± 1 mm and 49 ± 36 %. The presence, severity and extent of DTA atherosclerosis significantly increased with increasing CAD severity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis corrected for age and other risk factors demonstrated independent associations of DTA plaque (OR 6.56, 95 % CI 1.78–24.19, p = 0.005) and maximal DTA wall thickness (OR 2.00, 95 % CI 1.28–3.12, p = 0.002) with significant CAD. The presence and severity of DTA atherosclerosis were independently related with significant CAD on CTA in patients with suspected CAD.     

Association of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and polymorphism with coronary artery disease extent in Tunisian type II diabetic patients

INTRODUCTION: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a key protein in reverse cholesterol transport, has a controversial role in atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES:: We investigated CETP activity and polymorphism in Tunisian type II diabetes and its relationship with coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN AND METHODS: 173 type II diabetic patients with or without CAD were compared to 67 controls. RESULTS: The HDL cholesterol concentration was low in a Tunisian population. The B1 allele of the CETP gene was associated with a low concentration of HDL cholesterol and was more frequent in Tunisians than in other populations. In type II diabetic patients, the B1 allele was associated with increased prevalence of CAD only in men (OR=0.357, CI=0.161-0.791, P=0.01). The CETP activity increased in type II diabetic patients compared to controls (P=0.05). Furthermore, the CETP activity was increased in patients with double or triple vessel disease compared to those with single vessel disease (P=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Our data are in favour of an association between CETP and developing CAD, as well as the extent of CAD.