自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘二例

1临床资料 例1女,55岁.因头痛,右眼胀痛,复视3个月入院.患者于1999年9月无诱因出现右额、顶部胀痛.10月出现复视,右眼胀痛,逐渐加重.否认外伤史.体检:右眼球结膜充血、水肿,表面小静脉纡曲.右眼裂小,右眼处于内收位,外展麻痹,眼球其他方向运动充分,神经系统检查无异常发现,头部未闻及血管杂音.     

25例颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗

目的 总结微弹簧圈、Onyx胶以及覆膜支架治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavernous fistula,CCT)的初步体会.方法 25例CCF患者,其中外伤性22例,自发性3例;14例瘘口位于右侧颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)海绵窦段,11例位于左侧ICA海绵窦段.按Barrow分型:A型22例,C型2例,D型1例.18例单纯应用可脱弹簧圈治疗,1例应用可脱弹簧圈结合Onyx栓塞治疗,2例单纯应用Onyx栓塞治疗,4例应用覆膜支架治疗.结果 所有病例术后颅内杂音立即消失,术后造影见瘘口完全闭塞,1～20 d后临床症状消失,无死亡以及手术相关性并发症.弹簧圈治疗患者ICA通畅占12/18,4例带膜支架治疗患者ICA均通畅.2例Onyx治疗患者ICA通畅,1例可脱弹簧圈结合Onyx治疗患者ICA通畅.1例经弹簧圈治疗的外伤性CCF 1个月后复发,经再次弹簧圈治愈.其余患者随访6～24个月未见临床症状复发,6例术后获得脑血管造影随访,CCF均未见复发.结论 弹簧罔、Onyx 和覆膜支架血管内治疗是一种安全和有用的CCF治疗方法.     

可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘34例临床观察

颈动脉海绵窦瘘 (CCF)是颅内常见的动静脉瘘 ,近年来 ,我们应用可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗本病患者 34例 ,效果较好 ,现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 2 0例 ,女 14例 ;年龄 2 0～ 6 2岁 ,平均32 .8岁。外伤性 32例 ,自发性 2例。外伤性者均有程度不等的头颅外伤史 ,伤后出现 CCF的时间为 1天至 3个月。自发性者均无明显诱因。主要临床表现为颅内血管性杂音、搏动性突眼、球结膜充血、不同程度的眼球运动障碍 ,其中 14例眼睑水肿、外翻 ,视力不同程度下降。脑血管造影发现患侧颈内动脉与海绵窦同时显影 ,正常脑血管显示不良。椎动脉及对侧颈…     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的栓塞治疗

CCF的治疗目的在于保护视力、消除杂音、使眼球回缩及防止脑缺血或出血。理想的方法是以最简单的方式可靠地封闭瘘口 ,同时保持颈内动脉的通畅。目前认为血管内栓塞治疗应为首选。一般栓塞治疗后 ,颅内杂音立即消失 ,数小时后结合膜充血水肿明显好转 ,1周后眼球突出可恢复正常。主要径路有经动脉和经静脉两种。1　经动脉途径栓塞治疗此途径包括经股动脉、颈动脉、腋动脉三种。栓塞材料包括乳胶球囊及弹簧圈。治疗方法 :以较常用的经股动脉途径为例。首先穿刺股动脉 ,留置 8F导管鞘。经鞘送入 8F导管达颈内动脉。根据造影所显示瘘口的大小 …     

颈内动脉—海绵窦瘘血管内栓塞治疗的并发症及预后

为探讨颈内动脉一海绵窦瘘的形成原因及采用血管内栓塞治疗的疗效及并发症的预防措施。对19例颈内动脉一海绵窦瘘的病人，分析其临床表现及CT、MR、选择性血管造影等影像学特点，采用可脱性球囊和，或钨丝螺旋圈栓塞治疗。17例病人在治疗后临床症状缓解，眼部杂音及眼球震颤消失，眼球突出、球结膜水肿在一周后消失。2例病人出现手术并发症，其中1例死亡。生存的18例病人全部得到较长时间的随访，1例病人出现肢体活动障碍，1例病人的术前症状在术后两个月时重新出现。血管内栓塞治疗因其良好的治疗效果及安全性是治疗此类疾病的首选方法，避免颈内动脉一海绵窦瘘治疗时产生的直接并发症是改善其预后的最重要因素。     

可脱性球囊治疗颈内动脉-海绵窦瘘的远期效果

使用可脱性球囊经动脉栓塞颈内动脉-海绵窦瘘(CCFs)是栓塞瘘口和保护颈内动脉的最好的首选方式。在使用乳胶和硅胶可脱性球囊治疗的100例CCFs中,成功栓塞了88个瘘口,其中75％的颈内动脉(ICA)得以保护。早期结果示,3％短暂性缺血,4％永久性神经功能障碍,其中1例死亡。而远期脑缺血、瘘复发和假性动脉瘤发生的危险度不详。分析87例88个CCFs可脱性球囊栓塞的远期结果,以了解这一方法     

血管内栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘4例

颈动脉海绵窦瘘（carotid cavernous fistula,CCF）一般是颈动脉与海绵窦的动静脉交通,既可以是海绵窦段的颈内动脉本身的直接交通,也可以是其在海绵窦段的分支破裂所形成间接交通,以外伤性多见。本文结合文献,对我院收治的4例CCF患者的临床特点及治疗进行分析。1临床资料1.1一般资料4例CCF患者,3例为女性,1例男性,年龄45～62岁。     

经颈部穿刺颈外静脉置管栓塞硬膜型颈动脉海绵窦瘘一例

患者 男，40岁，主因右眼球突出伴结膜充血20d，于2006年8月13日收入天津市环湖医院，体格检查，右眼球轻度突出，球结膜充血，无博动性突眼，听诊右内眦部高调血管杂音，无外伤史，头部CT显示右眼轻度突出，眼上静脉增粗。     

旋转DSA配合介入栓塞治疗老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的 探讨介入栓塞治疗老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的效果及旋转数字减影血管造影术(DSA)和三维血管重建在显示瘘口位置、大小及与周围血管关系中的应用.方法 经动脉入路对11例老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者进行栓塞治疗,应用旋转DSA和三维血管重建寻找瘘口,采用可脱性球囊、电解可控弹簧圈(GDC)等多种材料栓塞病变侧海绵窦,同时闭塞瘘口.术后6～24个月对全部11例患者进行全脑血管造影复查.结果 9例行球囊及GDC栓塞瘘口的患者术后即刻造影显示瘘口完全闭塞,2例患侧颈内动脉完全闭塞,无复发.结论 在旋转DSA和三维血管重建的配合下栓塞老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

介入疗法治疗外伤性颈内动脉-海绵窦瘘(附52例报告)

外伤性颈内动脉 -海绵窦瘘 (Carotid cavernousfistular,CCF)是指外伤致海绵窦段的颈内动脉壁或其分支发生破裂 ,导致与海绵窦之间形成的异常动静脉通路。 2 0世纪 70年代以前 CCF是外科治疗的一个难题 ,1 972年 Serbinenko首次应用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗 CCF获得成功[1 ] ,随着先进 DSA机的出现 ,以及优质的导管、球囊、弹簧圈等栓塞材料的应用 ,血管内栓塞治疗 CCF已成为本病的首选治疗方法 [2 ] 。 1 989～ 2 0 0 3年 ,我们对 52例 CCF患者采用血管内栓塞治疗 ,取得满意效果。现报告如下。1　临床资料本组男 37例 ,女 1 5例 ;年龄 1…     

高龄后循环脑梗死患者的临床特点分析

目的探讨高龄后循环脑梗死患者的发病危险因素、临床表现、影像学特点和预后。方法选择522例老年急性后循环脑梗死患者,依据年龄分为高龄组152例(≥80岁)和老年组370例(60⁷9岁)。比较2组患者的临床症状、影像学资料和发病危险因素,并在病后30d进行改良Rankin量表评估分析预后。结果与老年组比较,高龄组头晕和双侧肢体乏力、心房颤动比例明显升高(42.11%vs 29.73%、7.89%vs 3.24%、17.11%vs 10.00%,P<0.05,P<0.01)。高龄组最常累积后循环血管的中段和远段。与老年组比较,高龄组枕叶单发梗死和多发梗死明显升高;预后不良比例明显升高(28.29%vs 17.57%,P<0.01)。结论高龄后循环脑梗死患者在发病危险因素、临床表现以及影像学特点均与老年后循环脑梗死患者存在差异,高龄后循环脑梗死患者预后相对较差。     

Current characteristics of congenital coronary artery fistulas in adults: A decade of global experience

AIM:To describe the characteristics of coronary artery fistulas(CAFs) in adults,including donor vessels and whether termination was cameral or vascular. METHODS:A PubMed search was performed for articles between 2000 and 2010 to describe the current characteristics of congenital CAFs in adults.A group of 304 adults was collected.Clinical data,presentations,diagnostic modalities,angiographic fistula findings and treatment strategies were gathered and analyzed.With regard to CAF origin,the subjects were tabulated into unilateral,bilateral or multilateral fistulas and compared.The group was stratified into two major subsets according to the mode of termination;coronary-cameral fistulas(CCFs) and coronary-vascular fistulas(CVFs) . A comparison was made between the two subsets. Fistula-related major complications[aneurysm formation,infective endocarditis(IE) ,myocardial infarction(MI) ,rupture,pericardial effusion(PE) and tamponade] were described.Coronary artery-ventricular multiple micro-fistulas and acquired CAFs were excluded as well as anomalous origin of the coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery(PA) . RESULTS:A total of 304 adult subjects(47%male) with congenital CAFs were included.The mean age was51.4 years(range,18-86 years) ,with 20%older than 65 years of age.Dyspnea(31%) ,chest pain(23%) and angina pectoris(21%) were the prevalent clinical presentations.Continuous cardiac murmur was heard in 82%of the subjects.Of the applied diagnostic modalities,chest X-ray showed an abnormal shadow in 4%of the subjects.The cornerstone in establishing the diagnosis was echocardiography(68%) ,and conventional contrast coronary angiography(97%) .However,multislice detector computed tomography was performed in 16%.The unilateral fistula originated from the left in 69%and from the right coronary artery in 31%of the subjects.Most patients(80%) had unilateral fistulas,18%presented with bilateral fistulas and 2%with multilateral fistulas.Termination into the PA was reported in unilateral(44%) ,bilateral(73%) and multilateral(75%) fistulas.Fistulas with multiple origins(bilateral and multilateral) terminated more frequently into the PA(29%) than into other sites(10.6%)(P=0.000) . Aneurysmal formation was found in 14%of all subjects.Spontaneous rupture,PE and tamponade were reported in 2%of all subjects.In CCFs,the mean age was 46.2 years whereas in CVFs mean age was 55.6 years(P=0.003) .IE(4%) was exclusively associated with CCFs,while MI(2%) was only found in subjects with CVFs.Surgical ligation was frequently chosen for unilateral(57%) ,bilateral(51%) and multilateral fistulas(66%) ,but percutaneous therapeutic embolization(PTE) was increasingly reported(23%,17%and 17%,respectively) . CONCLUSION:Congenital CAFs are currently detected in elderly patients.Bilateral fistulas are more frequently reported and PTE is more frequently applied as a therapeutic strategy in adults.     

Coronary-cameral fistulas in adults(first of two parts)

This is a case series and review of the literature adding11 new cases.Coronary-cameral fistulas(CCFs)are infrequent anomalies which are in general co-incidentally found during diagnostic coronary angiography(CAG).To delineate the characteristics of congenital and acquired CCFs in adults,we performed a PubMed search for papers dealing with congenital or acquired CCFs in adults.Publications on coronary-vascular fistulas or paediatric subjects were not included.From the world literature,a total of 243 adult patients were identified who had congenital(65%)or acquired(35%)CCFs.In this review,which is part one of a two-part series on CCFs,we describe and discuss the congenital fistulas,give an overview on the published literature and report details of our own series of 11 patients with MMFs and solitary macro CCFs.Of the congenital group,56%were small or large solitary macro CCFs(cut-off 1.5mm)and 9%were coronary artery-ventricular multiple micro-fistulas(MMFs).Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was reported in some of the reviewed subjects with MMFs(3/24=13%)but not was seen in our own series.Conservative medical management was generally the treatment of choice in congenital MMFs;prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICD)were implanted in 2/24(8%)of subjects,especially when extensive micro-fistulisations were involved.None of the patients of our own series required an ICD,as the MMFs were of limited size.Congenital or acquired CCFs in adults are infrequent anomalies having a wide spectrum of clinical presentation may varies from asymptomatic to severely devastating states requiring different treatment modalities.     

Prognostic significance of clinically silent coronary artery fistulas

Symptomatic coronary artery fistulas (CAF) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. With the advent of high-resolution 2-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography, the detection rate of clinically silent CAF has increased, but their clinical significance and outcome have not been defined. The clinical, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and angiographic findings and documented follow-up of 31 patients with an echocardiographic finding of a clinically silent coronary artery fistula from 1986 to 1997 were analyzed. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.2+/-8.4 years. Indications for echocardiography were murmur (n = 23), congenital heart disease (n = 2), cardiomegaly (n = 2), chest pain (n = 1), stridor (n = 1), syncope (n = 1), and chest trauma (n = 1). CAF were detected with color Doppler flow mapping in all patients. The origin of the fistula was from the left coronary artery system (n = 27), right coronary artery system (n = 3), and bilateral (n = 1). The exit sites were the pulmonary artery (n = 18), right ventricle (n = 8), right atrium (n = 2), and left ventricle (n = 3). Global and regional left ventricular function were normal in all patients at presentation and follow-up. Spontaneous closure of the fistula was documented in 7 patients (23%) at mean follow-up of 2.6+/-2.0 years. In 23 patients the fistula persisted without intervention. All patients remained asymptomatic, without adverse clinical events or evidence of ischemia at a mean age at follow-up of 9.3+/-9.1 years (range 4 months to 42.0). Based on this experience, there is no evidence that clinically silent CAF diagnosed incidentally by color Doppler echocardiography are associated with adverse clinical outcome in childhood and adolescence. Conservative management with continued follow-up of these patients appears to be appropriate.     

特发性炎性肌病肌炎特异性抗体谱的临床意义

目的研究特发性炎性肌病(IIM)患者血清肌炎特异性抗体(MSAs)水平与其临床特征、实验室指标及预后的相关性。方法收集178例IIM患者的临床资料,免疫印迹法检测患者血清中12种MSAs的水平,并分析其与患者临床特征、实验室指标和预后的相关性。进一步建立Logistic回归模型,分析MSAs亚型是否为患者临床症状的独立危险因素。结果12种MSAs中,抗氨基酰tRNA合成酶[ARS,包括组氨酰-tRNA合成酶(Jo-1)、PL-7、PL-12、EJ、OJ]抗体(34.8%)最常见,其次为抗黑色素瘤分化相关基因5(MDA5)抗体(32.6%)、抗转录中介因子γ(TIF1γ)抗体(11.8%)和抗信号识别颗粒(SRP)抗体(11.8%)。抗ARS抗体阳性组肺间质性病变和技工手的发生率高于阴性组(90.3%比66.4%,P<0.001;16.1%比4.3%,P=0.007);抗MDA5抗体阳性组较阴性组更易出现肺间质性病变、Gottron疹、面部红斑和关节炎(均P<0.05),肌无力和吞咽障碍发生率更低(55.2%比78.3%,P=0.001;8.6%比23.3%,P=0.018);抗TIF1γ抗体在≥65岁患者中的阳性率高于<65岁患者(25.9%比9.3%,P=0.032),该抗体阳性组肿瘤发生率比阴性组高(19.0%比3.2%,P=0.01);抗SRP抗体阳性患者肌无力发生率、肌酸激酶(CK)值、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)值和谷草转氨酶(AST)值高于阴性组(均P<0.05)。抗Mi-2β抗体阳性组肺间质病变发生率低于阴性组(40.0%比77.9%,P=0.003)。Logistics回归分析显示,抗MDA5抗体和抗Jo-1抗体是肺间质性病变(ILD)发生的独立危险因素,抗TIF1γ抗体是吞咽障碍发生的独立危险因素。生存分析结果表明,抗MDA5抗体阳性患者比阴性患者生存时间更短(5.0月比14.0月,P=0.001)。结论抗ARS抗体是最常见的MSAs亚型,不同的MSAs亚型与特定的临床特征有关。检测MSAs水平有利于对不同患者进行分型,指导治疗并判断预后。     

嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎146例患者临床特征分析

目的:分析和总结嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎(EGPA)的临床特征。方法:收集2000年至2019年北京协和医院确诊的146例EGPA住院患者资料,回顾性分析其临床表现、实验室检查、辅助检查、治疗、并发症及转归。结果:146例患者中男93例,女53例,年龄(41.7±16.1)岁,发病至确诊时间为0.5~450个月,中位时间18(6,60)个月。以肺部[121例(82.9%)]、鼻与鼻窦[119例(81.5%)]受累最多见;血清抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA)阳性者36例(24.7%),以核周型或髓过氧化物酶ANCA为主。ANCA阳性者肾脏(66.7%比20.9%,P<0.001)、神经系统受累比例(80.6%比51.8%,P<0.001)明显高于ANCA阴性者,更易出现发热(66.7%比40.9%,P<0.05)及视神经病变(8.3%比0,P<0.05),疾病活动度更高[中位伯明翰血管炎活动度评分25(18,30)比19(14,24),P=0.001],红细胞沉降率[40.5(20.5,82.8)mm/1 h比25.0(13.3,50.8)mm/1 h,P=0.006]和超敏C反应蛋白[37.1(11.8,72.9)mg/L比13.5(3.4,66.1)mg/L,P=0.036]显著升高;而ANCA阴性者胸腔积液比例高于ANCA阳性者(20.9%比5.6%,P=0.04)。治疗以糖皮质激素和环磷酰胺为主。12例(8.2%)患者病情缓解,6例(4.1%)患者死亡或放弃治疗。并发症以肺部感染最多见。结论:EGPA是一种少见的血管炎,临床表现与转归异质性强,病死率高。     

Coronary-cameral fistulas in adults: Acquired types (second of two parts)

Acquired coronary artery fistulas (CCFs) are infrequently detected during conventional coronary angiography. To delineate the characteristics of congenital (first part) and acquired (second part) CCFs in adults, a PubMed search was conducted for papers dealing with congenital or acquired CCFs. None of the publications describing patients with coronary-vascular fistulas were included. Papers dealing with pediatric subjects were excluded. From the world literature, a total of 243 adult patients were selected who had congenital (n = 159/243, 65%) and acquired (n = 84/243, 35%) CCFs. Among the acquired types (n = 72, 85.7%) were traumatic (iatrogenic (n = 65/72, 90%), accidental (n = 7/72, 10%) and (n = 12, 14.3%) spontaneously developing in relation to severe coronary atherosclerosis or myocardial infarction. A high incidence of spontaneous resolution of iatrogenic CCFs resulting from endomyocardial biopsy or following post-septal myectomy was reported. Spontaneous CCFs associated with myocardial ischemia or infarction resolved completely in 8% of the subjects. Early surgical intervention was the treatment of choice in acquired traumatic accidental CCFs. The congenital types are addressed in a previous issue of this journal (first part). In this review (second of two parts, part II), we describe the acquired coronary-cameral fistulas.     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘可脱性球囊栓塞术后瘘口再通原因与治疗

目的探讨可脱性球囊栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘（CCF）术后瘘口再通原因与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析12例CCF术后瘘口再通的原因、类型及相对应的治疗方法,随访时间为6个月~2 a。结果12例瘘口再通均在术后1周内发生,3例为球囊早泄,5例为球囊破裂,4例为球囊移位。10例再次用球囊栓塞治愈,2例行3次球囊栓塞成功。其中闭塞颈内动脉5例,未出现并发症。结论用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗CCF的复发与有无颅底骨折片、球囊大小的选择、球囊的充盈状态、放置位置及瘘口大小等有关。     

球囊辅助弹簧圈联合Onxy胶治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的疗效分析

目的探讨球囊辅助弹簧圈联合Onxy胶治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘（CCF）的安全性及有效性。 方法四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院神经外科自2018年1月至2020年6月共收治CCF患者19例,均采用球囊辅助弹簧圈联合Onxy胶介入治疗。其中11例岩下窦开放者行经岩下窦静脉途径栓塞治疗,另8例行经颈内动脉瘘口动脉途径栓塞。 结果19例患者栓塞后即刻造影显示海绵窦瘘口完全封闭。术后常规复查头颅CT,未见栓塞剂异位栓塞表现,无新发神经功能障碍表现。所有患者于术后即刻眼静脉症状及颅鸣耳鸣症状均有明显缓解,1~2周内逐步消失。而存在颅神经麻痹症状患者,眼外肌麻痹症状缓解则相对缓慢。 结论通过三维成像后处理剪辑技术,可精准判断瘘口位置;无论经动脉或静脉入路,封堵球囊可精准封闭瘘口,在栓塞过程中使弹簧圈及Onxy胶尽可能接近瘘口附近,从而减少费用,同时提高CCF治疗的安全性及有效性,减少并发症。     

Simple rectovaginal fistulas

In regard to the causes of simple rectovaginal fistulas (RVF) we examined the methods of diagnosis and the efficacy and outcome of surgical procedures. The study included all of our patients diagnosed with simple RVF between December 1988 and July 1998 (n = 19). Medical charts of these patients were reviewed regarding diagnostic investigations, operative procedure, outcome, and follow-up. The most common cause was obstetric trauma (n = 15, 79%) followed by infection (n = 4, 21%). Eight patients (42%) had undergone anal surgery prior to the development of RVF; two of these had undergone more than one procedure. Endoanal ultrasound was performed in 15 patients and identified the fistula in 11 (73%). A concomitant sphincter injury was visualized in 9 of 15 patients (60%). The most common initial operation performed was an endoanal advancement flap in 12 patients (63%). This operation was performed in combination with a sphincteroplasty in 4 patients, while 3 had sphincteroplasty alone. The mean hospital stay was 3 days (range 1-5). Postoperative morbidity was noted in 5 patients (26%) of and consisted of recurrent fistula and passage of gas per vagina. Surgery was successful in complete resolution of symptoms in 14 cases (74%). Two of the three recurrences were successfully repaired with a repeat endoanal advancement flap, and one is awaiting repair. The mean follow-up for the entire group was 35.8 months (range 6-84). Endoanal advancement flap should be the initial treatment of choice for simple, low rectovaginal fistulas. The procedure can also be employed with expectations of success even after a failed primary repair and should be combined with sphincteroplasty if a coexistent anteriorly based anal sphincter defect is noted either by clinical examination or endoanal ultrasonography.