足三里穴临床运用的点滴体会

我们在临床以足三里为主穴,配伍某些辅穴,治疗一些疾病取得了较好效果。现将点滴体会介绍于后,以供同道参考。主治概要足三里穴主治病证极为广泛,历代医家极     

《灵枢经》中足三里穴的治疗作用

《灵枢经》中足三里穴的治疗作用孙亦农（南京中医学院针灸系）主题词《灵枢经》，足三里穴足三里穴始载于《内经》，尤其是《灵枢经》中，其间有关足三里穴主治运用的记载达１５处之多，但从其治疗作用看，不外“扶助中阳”和“健胃和中”两大方面。ｌ扶助中田《灵枢·热...     

关于“合主逆气而泄”的古今文献研究与思考

查阅《中国针灸穴位通鉴》及检索中国知网(CNKI),对其中记载合穴主治"逆气而泄"(呕吐、泄泻)的相关文献进行研究。古代文献记载中除小海、阴谷、曲池外,其他合穴均可主治"逆气而泄";现代文献仅有尺泽、曲泽、曲池、阴陵泉、足三里、委中这6个穴位有治疗"逆气而泄"的报道,且手经的尺泽、曲泽多用放血疗法,足经的阴陵泉、足三里多用穴位注射疗法。古今文献中记载主"逆气而泄"的合穴中,足三里的应用最为广泛,这说明"合主逆气而泄"有一定的普遍性,但足三里主"逆气而泄"有相对的特异性,这可能与其既为胃经"合穴"又为胃腑"下合穴"的双重身份有关。     

背俞穴主治规律分析

目的总结背俞穴规范的主治症状,归纳背俞穴的主治规律,为今后的实验研究奠定基础。方法对古现代文献(以古代文献为主)中有关膀胱经背俞穴的主治作用进行收集、整理、分析。结果根据收集的有关背俞穴别名、定位、刺灸法、主治症的详细文献,建立可以查询背俞穴相关内容的数据库。结论通过对古今文献的整理及分析研究,总结出足太阳膀胱经背俞穴的高频次主治症。     

漫谈“足三里”在临床上的运用

足三里是足阳明胃经合穴,别名下陵、鬼邪、下三里,古代并田制九百方亩为一方里,三里比喻宽广也,又穴在足膝下三寸,因治疗疾病广泛故称足三里。历代医家在长期医疗实践中把足三里与委中、列缺、合谷称为人体的“四总穴”。宋代马丹阳的《天星十二穴主治杂病歌》将足三里列为首要之穴,《回阳九针歌》、《行针指要歌》等也将足三里列为要穴之一。从这些文献记载里,我们可以体会到该穴在针灸临床治疗和科学研究上确有它一定的现实意义。因此,仅就管见,将其主要作用浅述于下。     

针刺对膀胱内压的影响

观察针刺“次”穴、“足三里”穴及非经非穴点对家兔膀胱内压的影响。结果显示 :针刺家兔“次”穴、“足三里”穴对膀胱内压有显著影响 (针刺前后P <0 0 1 ) ,针刺家兔非经非穴点对膀胱内压无影响 (针刺前后P >0 0 5 )。结论 :“肚腹三里留”的理论性和经穴脏腑相关学说的“躯干部位穴的主治功能有明显的神经节段性”的理论是正确的     

手捻针刺足三里穴对人体膀胱容量及内压的影响

1目的针刺动物的次骼、关元、三阴交、曲骨、中极、膀眺俞、期门及足三里多个穴位时,发现捻针时可引起膀眈收缩内压升高,停止捻针时,膀联松驰,内压下降。在临床上腹部手术后的病人常取仰卧位,或腹部有切口在腰部及背部取穴困难。另外用穴较多不易分析穴位功能的相对特异性。我们根据古典针灸学的“肚腹三里留”及经穴脏腑相关学说的“躯干部经穴的主治功能有明显的神经节段性”的理论,只用双侧足三里穴,观察手捻针刺足三里对膀航功能的影响是否可收到上述同样的效果。该实验是医院经常做的检查方法,在人体无损伤状态下进行。2对象及…     

温灸家兔足三里诱发钙离子在不同组织分布研究简

目的：研究钙离子在温灸经穴线上不同组织分布的空间特异性,探讨经络信息传导通路的相对位置。方法：选用健康成年家兔,选取--＇N后肢“足三里”温灸后,对灸后经穴皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜、肌肉的钙离子浓度分层定位测定分析,并与另一侧后肢“足三里”及非经穴组上各层组织钙离子浓度进行比较。结果：①正常家免足三里穴上皮肤以及浅筋膜层钙离子浓度明显高于非经穴组（P〈O．05）,而深筋膜层和肌肉层钙离子浓度没有显著差异;②温灸家兔足三里穴上肌肉层钙离子浓度均高于非艾灸足三里以及非经穴组（P〈O．05）：③温灸家兔足三里穴上皮肤、浅筋膜层钙离子浓度与非灸经穴组对比有减少的趋势,但无显著性差异（P〉O．05）。结论：①经穴皮肤与浅筋膜存在钙离子富集现象,可能是经络实质机理之一。②温灸穴位后,肌肉层钙离子浓度增高可能与温灸引起经络效应有关。     

温灸家兔足三里诱发钙离子在不同组织分布研究

目的:研究钙离子在温灸经穴线上不同组织分布的空间特异性,探讨经络信息传导通路的相对位置。方法:选用健康成年家兔,选取一侧后肢"足三里"温灸后,对灸后经穴皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜、肌肉的钙离子浓度分层定位测定分析,并与另一侧后肢"足三里"及非经穴组上各层组织钙离子浓度进行比较。结果:①正常家兔足三里穴上皮肤以及浅筋膜层钙离子浓度明显高于非经穴组(P0.05),而深筋膜层和肌肉层钙离子浓度没有显著差异;②温灸家兔足三里穴上肌肉层钙离子浓度均高于非艾灸足三里以及非经穴组(P0.05);③温灸家兔足三里穴上皮肤、浅筋膜层钙离子浓度与非灸经穴组对比有减少的趋势,但无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:①经穴皮肤与浅筋膜存在钙离子富集现象,可能是经络实质机理之一。②温灸穴位后,肌肉层钙离子浓度增高可能与温灸引起经络效应有关。     

针刺内关、足三里等穴对大鼠孤束核神经元放电的影响

目的通过比较针刺内关、足三里等穴对正常大鼠孤束核(nucleus tractus solitarii,NTS)神经元放电的影响,阐明NTS在内关、足三里穴共同调节心、胃功能中的作用。方法运用细胞外记录神经电生理学方法,观察针刺内关、足三里等穴时NTS神经元放电频率的变化。结果NTS内神经元对针刺刺激主要以呈兴奋性反应为主;针刺内关、足三里穴组,NTS内兴奋性神经元出现率与针刺偏历、合阳穴组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);针刺内关、足三里穴组兴奋性神经元频率变化率亦显著高于针刺偏历、合阳穴组(P<0.01)。结论NTS是针刺内关、足三里穴共同调节心胃功能的整合中枢之一;经穴具有相对特异性。     

Effect of Zusanli (ST 36) moxibustion on rat mesenteric microvascular system

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of moxibustion on Zusanli (ST 36) on visceral-mesenteric vessels by observing circulation.MethodsForty-five SD rats were randomly assigned to a moxibustion, electroacupuncture (EA), and blank group. In the moxibustion group, heat stimulation of moxibustion to the Zusanli (ST 36) area of normal rats was performed for 15 min. In the EA group, needles were inserted into the Zusanli (ST 36) and lateral point [0.5 cm lateral from Zusanli (ST 36)] for 15 min. The blank group was not given any treatment. We continuously monitored mesenteric microvascular changes with in vivo microscopic video.ResultsMoxibustion and EA to Zusanli (ST 36) increase the diameter of mesenteric arterioles and venules (P<0.05). There were no obvious changes in the blank group. Fine arterial diameter peaked at 12 min in the moxibustion group, while it peaked at 15 min in the EA group.ConclusionsThe stimulation of moxibustion and acupuncture to Zusanli (ST 36) has immediate effects on expanding the microvasculature. This dilation may be the mechanism of the gastrointestinal effect of Zusanli (ST 36).     

聚焦超声辐照兔左侧足三里穴后双耳痛耐受阈的变化研究

 目的通过观察聚焦超声辐照兔左侧足三里穴后双耳痛耐受阈变化,探讨聚焦超声辐照足三里穴镇痛的可行性。方法
30 只健康新西兰兔随机平均分为A、B 2 组。A 组左侧足三里穴以2W聚焦超声辐照5 min,B 组同部位以无超声输出的假照5
min。辐照前测双耳外侧近耳缘静脉处固定点痛耐受阈。辐照后1 至16 min16 个时间点,奇数时间点测右耳痛耐受阈,偶数时间
点测左耳痛耐受阈,测量处同辐照前。于双侧足三里穴区取皮肤、肌肉组织进行HE 染色观察。结果A 组辐照后,1 min 至11
min 6 个时间点右耳痛耐受阈有显著提高（ P< 0.05）,13 min、15 min 痛耐受阈无明显变化（ P> 0.05）,2 min 至12 min 6个时间
点左耳痛耐受阈有显著提高（ P< 0.05）,14 min、16 min 痛耐受阈无显著变化（ P> 0.05）;辐照后1 min、3 min、5 min、7 min A组
右耳痛耐受阈较B 组有显著提高（ P< 0.05）,4 min、6 min、8 min A组左耳痛耐受阈较B 组有显著提高（ P< 0.05）;B 组辐照后
双耳痛耐受阈无显著变化（ P> 0.05）。A 组辐照后有精神不振现象,B 组无此现象。辐照处及假照处穴区皮肤、肌肉组织较正常
组织无明显变化。结论聚焦超声辐照兔左侧足三里穴可提高双耳痛耐受阈并维持一段时间,提示应用聚焦超声辐照穴位有
镇痛效果且安全。     

电针足三里穴对胃粘膜保护作用的机制研究

[目的]探讨电针足三里穴对胃粘膜的保护作用机制。[方法]将20只狗随机分为空白对照组、非经非穴组、上巨虚组、足三里组（每组5只）。采用激光多普勒血流仪连续监测狗胃粘膜血流量的变化，同步测定血浆及胃粘膜组织中降钙素基因肽（CGRP）含量，并观察其变化规律。[结果]电针足三里穴可使狗胃粘膜血流量增加（与针刺前比P＜0.05或P＜0.01），使血浆和胃体粘膜中的CGRP含量增加（P＜0.05或P＜0.01)；而针刺上巨虚穴有同样的作用趋向，但未显示统计学意义；针刺非经非穴组未见这一变化。[结论]说明电针足阳明胃经穴位，尤其电针足三里穴可以改善胃粘膜的血流量，这种改善可能与针刺影响血浆和胃粘膜的CGRP含量升高有关，这可能也是电针足三里可以对胃粘膜起保护作用的机制之一。     

Differences in thermal effects of moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4) on various facial areas in healthy people

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of temperature on different facial areas by suspended moxibustion at two points,Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),and probe the phenomena underlying self-regulation in the human body after thermal stimulation.METHODS:Thirty healthy volunteers accepted moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),and the order of moxibustion points was randomly determined.Moxibustion method:suspension of moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4) on both sides was performed using an ignited moxa stick stuck in a support for 20 min.Observation method:An infrared thermal image of the face was taken before and after suspended moxibustion using a CK350 medical infrared thermal imaging instrument.Data analysis:A thermal microscopic section view system(TMTSys) was used to analyze the change in temperature in special facial areas.Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 14.0 software.RESULTS:Before moxibustion was suspended,the facial thermal image showed a T-shaped thermal area related to the vascular distribution with even temperature and good symmetry on both sides.Suspended moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) have a very significant increase in temperature at the forehead,around the nose,at the corners of the mouth,and at the cheeks and lips(P<0.01).Suspended moxibustion over Hegu(LI 4) also have a significant(P<0.05) increase in temperature around the nose,the corners of the mouth,the cheeks,and lips,where has a new high temperature area was formed(P<0.01).Suspended moxibustion over Hegu(LI 4) raised the temperature at the middle point of the lips more obviously than did Zusanli(ST 36) in the same person,(P<0.05).After 10 min of moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),the change in temperature in the facial area reached its peak value.CONCLUSIONS:Facial infrared thermography of healthy people revealed a T-shaped thermal area reflecting a physiological thermal area.Moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) or Hegu(LI 4) raised the temperature in this facial T-shaped thermal area.Hegu(LI 4) led to the formation of a new thermal area in the lips.The time required for moxibustion to regulate human body temperature was 10 min.     

PET imaging of brain function while puncturing the acupoint ST36

Acupuncturehasgainedincreasing popularityinhealthcareandrecognitionamongscientificworkerslately Itstherapeuticmechanism ,however,isnotfullyexplored ,leadingtoitslimiteduseinsomewesterncountries Inthisexperiment,weattemptedtoacquiredataoncerebralglycometabolismwith positronemissiontomography(PET) ,andtoanalyzethembystatisticalparametricmapping (SPM) Certainincreaseinglycometabolismwasfoundinthehypothalamus,headofthecaudatenucleus,temporallobe,brainstem ,andsinistralcerebellum ,andpostcentral…     

Effects of Electroacupuncture at Weiwanxiashu and Zusanli Points on Blood Glucose and Plasma Pancreatic Glucagon Contents in Diabetic Rabbits

The Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Weiwanxiashu (EX-B3) and Zusanli (ST 36) points on blood glucose (BG) and plasma pancreatic glucagon (PG) contents were dynamically observed in diabetic rabbits induced by Alloxan. It is found that acupuncture at Weiwanxiashu point can significantly lower the BG content and inhibit release of PG; no significant changes in BG and PG are found when acupuncture is given at Zusanli (ST 36) point alone, however BG and PG contents decrease more obviously when acupuncture employed at both Zusanli and Weiwanxiashu, suggesting that Zusanli has a marked synergetic action with Weiwanxiashu.     

足三里注射阿托品缓解功能性腹痛的探讨

目的：探讨足三里注射阿托品缓解功能性腹痛的疗效和临床应用价值。方法：设计试验组和对照组,行不同的治疗方法,将足三里注射阿托品与肌注缓解功能性腹痛的疗效进行比较。结果：足三里注射阿托品在缓解功能性腹痛中,整体疗效显著优于肌注组,并且痊愈率显著高于肌注组。结论：足三里注射阿托品在缓解各种原因导致的腹痛中具有很高的临床应用价值。尤其适合在社区推广。     

黄芪注射液穴位注射治疗获得性寒冷性荨麻疹

目的探讨获得性寒冷性荨麻疹的治疗方法.方法用黄芪注射液于足三里处进行穴位注射配合抗组胺药物治疗获得性寒冷性荨麻疹并与单纯使用抗组胺药物治疗进行对比.结果治疗组显愈率为80.00%,对照组显愈率为51.85%,经统计学比较有差异(P＜0.05).结论用黄芪注射液于足三里处进行穴位注射对获得性寒冷性荨麻疹有辅助治疗作用.     

Auricular-Plaster Therapy Plus Acupuncture at Zusanli for Postoperative Recovery of Intestinal Function

In order to relieve the abdominal distension and other discomforts due to gastrointestinal dysfunctionafter abdominal operations,the patients were treated by auricular-plaster therapy plus acupuncture atZusanli(ST 36).12(92.4%)of the 13 cases in the treatment group showed recovery of normalperistalsis within 72 hours after operations,while that in 13 cases of the control group was 46.1%,indicating that auricular-plaster therapy plus acupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36)may promotepostoperative recovery of the intestinal function.     

针刺足三里穴后续效应的脑功能成像研究

[目的]利用功能磁共振探讨针刺足三里穴的后续效应对脑部的影响.[方法]选择16名健康志愿者,分别在针刺足三里前及拔针后25 min对其进行磁共振功能扫描,应用局部一致性(regionall homogeneity,ReHi)方法处理fNRI数据.[结果]拔针后25 min时,右侧额中回、左侧额上回、右侧颞上回、后扣带回...