某驻京警卫部队官兵心理健康状况调查

目的 了解驻京警卫部队心理健康状况。方法 采取整群抽样的方法,使用自编人口学信息问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某驻京警卫部队进行问卷调查。结果 在调查的595人中,心理问题阳性72例,阳性检出率为12.10%,有中等程度心理健康问题8例,阳性检出率为1.34%;强迫、其他因子、焦虑、恐怖、敌对、人际关系敏感阳性检出率分别为0.84%,0.50%,0.34%,0.34%,0.34%,0.17%。SCL-90各因子分均低于中国男性军人常模及地方男性常模,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 驻京警卫部队心理健康水平优于地方及中国军人平均水平。     

Mental health disorders among individuals with mental retardation: challenges to accurate prevalence estimates

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this literature review were to assess current challenges to estimating the prevalence of mental health disorders among individuals with mental retardation (MR) and to develop recommendations to improve such estimates for this population. METHODS: The authors identified 200 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, government documents, or reports from national and international organizations on the mental health status of people with MR. Based on the study's inclusion criteria, 52 articles were included in the review. RESULTS: Available data reveal inconsistent estimates of the prevalence of mental health disorders among those with MR, but suggest that some mental health conditions are more common among these individuals than in the general population. Two main challenges to identifying accurate prevalence estimates were found: (1) health care providers have difficulty diagnosing mental health conditions among individuals with MR; and (2) methodological limitations of previous research inhibit confidence in study results. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate prevalence estimates are necessary to ensure the availability of appropriate treatment services. To this end, health care providers should receive more training regarding the mental health treatment of individuals with MR. Further, government officials should discuss mechanisms of collecting nationally representative data, and the research community should utilize consistent methods with representative samples when studying mental health conditions in this population.     

Disparities in mental health,social support and coping among individuals with mobility impairment

BackgroundCDC estimated that 19.4 million (7.8%) US adults are living with mobility impairment, who are unable to walk a quarter mile. Individuals with physical disability reported greater depression and, in some cases, insufficient social support.ObjectivesThis study explores the extent of disparities in psychological health, social support, and coping mechanisms among those with mobility impairment as compared to those without such impairment, and the longitudinal effect of onset of mobility impairment on subsequent psychosocial health and coping.MethodsIndividuals with mobility impairment were matched to controls from a nationally representative sample, using the propensity score method. The final sample included 345 matched pairs. Regression models with robust standard errors were used to assess disparities in outcomes by mobility status. Autoregressive models were used to assess the longitudinal effect of the onset of mobility limitation on these outcomes.ResultsThose with impaired mobility fared significantly higher on negative affect (p < .05) and pessimism (p < .05), and significantly lower on life satisfaction (p < .05) and positive affect (p = .001). In terms of coping, they showed disparities in health locus of control (self) (p < .05), planning (p < .05), active coping (p < .05), and problem-focused coping (p < .05), as compared to those without mobility limitation. The onset of mobility impairment had significant effects in similar psychological and coping domains.ConclusionOur work revealed a piece of reality of individuals living with mobility impairment and will inform designing effective interventions to mitigate psychosocial health disparities in this population.     

Mental health care: perceptions of people with schizophrenia and their carers

The current study aims to discover the opinions of patients and their (informal and formal) carers concerning the mental health care of individuals with long term schizophrenic disorders within different contexts and cultures. It's a qualitative study with focus groups,in which 6 research centers (from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Spain, England and Venezuela) participated. Eight focus groups were conducted in each center, totaling 303 individuals in 46 groups. The data were analyzed with the aid of the Qualitative Solutions and Research/Non-numerical Unstructured Data Indexing program (QSR NUD*IST 4.0). The perception regarding the quality of care is influenced by the professional-patient relationship and the availability of resources. Poor quality of care is also perceived as discrimination. People with schizophrenia in general consider themselves to be ostracized by professionals and services and lacking in more humanized care. In the contexts in which community care is less advanced, the complaints center on resources and services that do not meet demands. On the other hand, in more developed contexts criticism centers more on the attitude of the professionals and the professional patient relationship. Over and above the need for resources and services, people with schizophrenia require more humanized health care.     

威海市农民工心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的了解山东省威海市农民工心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法取样本,利用自制调查问卷和凯斯勒量表(Kessler10,K10)对其心理健康状况进行访谈式调查,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果(1)调查农民工2 457人,其中K10分值总体分布为(12.8±5.25)分,19.0%农民工心理健康状况相对较差;(2)单因素和多因分析结果显示,高年龄组,2周内患病、性格内向、无知心朋友、自感消极、感觉有压力、失眠、自感健康差等农民工心理健康影响因素。结论农民工的心理健康主要受躯体健康因素、心理相关自评因素、自感健康状况和睡眠状况等影响,约1/5的农民工心理健康状况高于临界值。     

Mental health. Tales of the city

Evidence suggests London has a higher proportion of serious mental illness than the rest of the country. Inpatient and community services are both under strain, and services for people with mild to moderate problems are particularly lacking. No single route exists to advertise all the organizations offering help.     

Mental health services and the city: a neighbourhood-level epidemiological study

Journal of Public Health - Neighbourhood composition is considered a social determinant of mental health that can be addressed by policymakers to improve outcomes. Deprived neighbourhoods typically...     

Self-perceived oral health among elderly individuals in a medium-sized city in Northeast Brazil

This study focused on self-perceived oral health of the elderly and associated variables. The sample consisted of 321 functionally independent individuals 60 years or older living in Parnaíba, Piauí State, Brazil. Oral examinations were performed and questionnaires were applied during home visits. The elderly presented poor oral health, with mean DMFT 29.41 (SD = 4.10). However, their self-perceived oral health was positive, with 52% showing high scores according to the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Multivariate analysis showed that predictors of self-perceived oral health included the need for upper prostheses, oral mucosal lesions, and self-rated oral health. The most important predictor was self-rated oral health, with a weight of 20% variation in self-perceived oral health. In conclusion, subjective measurement of oral health in the elderly is less associated with their actual clinical status and more with other subjective factors.     

广州市不同户籍人群心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的 比较广东省广州市户籍人口与流动人口心理健康现状,分析其影响因素,为有针对性地进行干预提供科学依据.方法 于2009年3—6月采用方便抽样的方法对广州市871人进行问卷调查,其中广州户籍613人,流动人口258人.结果 广州户籍人口与流动人口的社会支持总分分别为(60.11±11.39)和(57.21±13.33)分,均处于中间支持状态;户籍人口家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持3个维度得分分别为(20.83±4.35)、(19.87±4.16)、(19.42±4.11)分,均高于流动人口的(19.73±5.07)、(18.79±4.79)、(18.69±4.83)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.030、3.133、2.140,P＜0.05);广州户籍人口的心理健康得分为(15.93±5.39)分,高于流动人口的(14.19±4.81)分,差异有统计学意义(t=4.700,P＜0.001);多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,户籍类型、自评躯体健康状况和社会支持得分是居民心理健康状况的影响因素.结论 外地户籍、自评躯体健康状况较差、社会支持程度较低者心理健康状况较差.     

Quality of mobility measures among individuals with acquired brain injury: an umbrella review

Quality of Life Research - While several mobility measures exist, there is large variability across measures in how mobility is conceptualized, the source of information and the measurement...     

小学生心理健康问题与心理健康教育工作探讨

小学生正处于身心发展的重要时期,随着生理、心理的发育和社会阅历的扩展及思维方式的变化,特别是面对社会竞争的压力,他们容易在学习、生活、人际交往、自我意识和升学就业等方面,遇到各种心理困惑和问题[1]。笔者在查阅     

Mental health and substance abuse treatment utilization among individuals served by multiple public agencies in 3 states

Patterns of mental health (MH) and substance abuse (SA) treatment utilization among populations receiving services through multiple public programs are not well known. This study examines to what extent populations with MH and/or SA conditions utilize treatment services through Medicaid and State MH/SA Agencies. Data are from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Integrated Database, a multiyear file for 3 states combining Medicaid and State MH/SA Agency administrative data into a uniform database. Although populations with co-occurring conditions and those served by both Medicaid and State MH/SA Agencies have substantial contact with the public treatment system, a majority of the MH/SA populations examined here utilize few services over brief periods of time. Utilization is most limited among individuals with MH-only conditions and those served exclusively by Medicaid. While a lack of data on clinical outcomes prevents us from drawing conclusions about the effectiveness of MH/SA services, results of this analysis indicate that public programs in the states examined here do not provide services that are primarily utilized on a frequent or chronic basis.     

Mental health and satisfaction among tax officers

This study assessed the mental well-being and job satisfaction of a random sample of 318 tax officers in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It was found that tax officers were less satisfied with their jobs, and showed signs of mental stress in contrast with other normative groups. Using multivariate analysis, it was found that 'autocratic management style' was a strong predictor of job dissatisfaction, while 'qualitative and quantitative work overload' was the major source of lack of mental well-being.     

Mental health in the United States: health risk behaviors and conditions among persons with depression--new Mexico, 2003

Studies have demonstrated relationships between physical health and mental health. Chronic disease has been associated with depression, which, in the absence of intervention, also can assume a chronic course. To determine the prevalence of depression among adults in New Mexico and examine the association between depression and selected health risk behaviors and health conditions, the New Mexico Department of Health and CDC analyzed data from the 2003 New Mexico Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. This report describes the results of that analysis, which determined that 3.8% of adults in New Mexico had current symptoms of depression and that these adults were significantly more likely to have engaged in certain health risk behaviors (e.g., smoking and binge drinking) and to have certain health conditions (e.g., high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, arthritis, and asthma) than persons without depression. Public health programs that promote mental health and timely diagnosis and treatment of depression might also help reduce morbidity and risk behaviors related to chronic diseases.     

Mental health and related factors among massage practitioners with visual impairment

The purpose of this study was to explore the mental health conditions and related factors among 155 visually impaired massage practitioners chosen from alumni lists of ten schools for the visually impaired in Japan. It was thought massage practitioners with visual impairment did not suffer burnout and depression because their mean scores indicated "no problem". However, their mean score for anxiety was high compared with previous studies. Gender and level of education showed no significant differences on anxiety and depression. Higher scores for anxiety and depression correlated inversely with age. Scores of depersonalization, anxiety, and depression were significantly higher and those of personal accomplishment lower for unmarried subjects compared to those who were married. Scores of emotional exhaustion, anxiety, and depression were significantly higher in persons who were able to read written text compared to those who read Braille only. Massage practitioners with visual impairment working at hospitals, medical clinics, and nursing homes revealed significantly higher daily client turnover, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization compared to those who established their own massage clinics. It was thought that massage practitioners who were young and unmarried, had slight visual impairment, high client turnover, hectic relationships between clients, little autonomy at work, and worked at medical-related workplaces were prone to burnout. It is suggested that this group of massage practitioner requires periodic education about stress management techniques and more social support.     

Psychological and behavioral responses during the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with mobility and/or self-care disabilities

BackgroundThe lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic created major obstacles for individuals with disabilities to obtain support in their daily living.ObjectivesThis study was to examine the psychological and behavioral responses of US individuals with mobility and/or self-care disabilities during the pandemic.MethodsFrom a nationally representative longitudinal survey (n = 6403) administered during the pandemic, individuals were classified at baseline as having no mobility/self-care disability (ADL = 0, n = 4975), mobility or self-care disability (ADL = 1, n = 1061), and both mobility and self-care disabilities (ADL = 2, n = 367). Weighted mean of baseline mental distress scores (PHQ4), psychological risk factors (loneliness, stress, perceived COVID risk), resilience, and coping were compared among these groups. Random effects models were employed to assess the effects of disability and disability-moderated effects of risk factors on mental distress.ResultsAt baseline, mental distress increased with greater ADL disabilities (Mean[95%CI] = 1.88[1.77, 1.98], 2.54[2.29, 2.79], and 3.55[3.01, 4.08] for ADL = 0, 1, and 2, respectively, p < .0001). Loneliness, stress, and perceived risk increased with ADL disabilities, but resilience and social coping decreased with it (p's < 0.0001). In the random-effects models, greater ADL disabilities, higher psychological risks, and use of cannabis and other recreational drugs were associated with greater mental distress. Greater ADL disabilities augmented the detrimental effects of risk factors on mental health, but resilience protected mental health both independently and through a buffering effect on its risk factors across all groups.ConclusionIndividuals with mobility and/or self-care disability tend to have poorer mental health and are differentially more affected by its risk factors. Mental health professionals should address these modifiable factors in interventions.     

Mental health problems among pregnant and non-pregnant youth

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of mental health problems in primiparous adolescents and to compare their mental health profile with the profile of sexually active adolescents who have never gotten pregnant. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that compared two groups of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from a city in Southern Brazil, 2003-2004. The sample included 207 primiparous who attended prenatal care programs in urban public services, and 308 sexually active students from state public schools who had never gotten pregnant. A screening instrument to identify mental health problems in adolescents (Brazilian version of the Youth Self-Report) was applied to the participants together with a questionnaire on risk factors for pregnancy in adolescence. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, Mann Whitney's U and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents did not differ in the prevalence of total mental health problems (24.6% vs. 27.3%; p=0.50). Compared to the group of never pregnant adolescents, the group of primiparous presented higher prevalence of anxious/depressive symptoms (24.2% vs. 15.3%; p=0.01) and withdrawn/depressed symptoms (13.0% vs., 4.5%; p<0.001) and there was a greater number of tobacco users (21.3% vs. 11.0%; p=0.002). These differences were confirmed by logistic regression models controlled for maternal education. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depression symptoms and tobacco use were more frequent in pregnant adolescents in comparison to non-pregnant. These problems require special attention from prenatal care services in order to avoid potential damages for the health of mothers and their children.     

流动妇女人格特征与心理健康关系

目的探讨流动妇女人格特征与心理健康的关系。方法2009年3月,采用艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)和症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90),通过判断抽样的方法在江苏省江阴市和张家港市对656名流动妇女进行问卷调查。结果女性流动人口在内外向(E)、掩饰性(L)分量表得分均值高于全国女性常模(P0.01),神经质(N)分量表得分均值低于全国常模(P0.01);N,L分量表得分均值高于流动男性(P0.01),精神质(P)分量表得分均值低于流动男性(P0.05);EPQ中P分量表、N分量表与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈正相关;E分量表与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈负相关,N分量表与SCL-90总分和各因子分相关系数最高;回归分析表明:精神质、内外向和神经质是影响流动妇女心理健康状况的重要人格特征。结论流动妇女人格特征和心理健康状况呈一定程度的相关。     

Mental health and related disability among workers: a population-based study

BACKGROUND: In past decades, the nature of work has undergone significant changes including increased psychological demands and job instability. A stressful psychosocial work environment has been shown to have adverse effects on workers' mental and physical health. This goal of this study is to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric syndromes and related disability in a population-based sample of employed adults and investigate associations between psychiatric syndromes and related disability. METHODS: A random-digit dial provincial wide mental health survey was conducted in Alberta, Canada (n = 5,383). The telephone interview included the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the World Health Organization's Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS-II). In this analysis, participants who were currently employed were included (n = 4,149). RESULTS: In this population, 6.2% had had at least one MINI-defined psychiatric diagnosis with clinically significant interference. Without consideration of the clinical interference criterion, the prevalence of psychiatric syndromes was higher (33.5%). Psychiatric syndromes were strongly associated with disability. A dose-response relationship between the number of diagnoses and disability was found. CONCLUSIONS: Interventional strategies in the workplace should focus on mental disorders at both the clinical and sub-clinical levels.