定量组织多普勒速度成像对肥厚型心肌病患者左心室局部舒张功能的研究

目的　应用定量组织多普勒速度成像 (QTVI)评价肥厚型心肌病 (HCM )患者左心室局部心肌长轴方向舒张功能。方法　分别获取 1 0例HCM患者和 1 1例正常对照者标准心尖位左心长轴观、二腔观和四腔观图像 ,应用QTVI脱机分析左室中部、基部和二尖瓣环各节段心肌长轴方向在舒张早期 (rVe)和心房收缩期 (rVa)室壁运动速度曲线 ,计算左室中部、基部和二尖瓣环水平的平均rVe、平均rVa及平均rVe/rVa值。脉冲波多普勒测量二尖瓣口舒张早期最大血流流速曲线 (E)和心房收缩期最大血流流速曲线 (A) ,计算E/A值。结果　HCM组左室各节段rVe室壁运动曲线明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ,而左室大部分节段的rVa室壁运动曲线与正常对照组相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5)。比较两组E差异具有显著性意义 (P =0 .0 36) ,在两组平均rVe室壁运动曲线的比较中此种差异更为显著 (P <0 .0 0 0 1 )。比较两组A和E/A值差异无显著性意义 (P =0 .2 2 ,P =0 .1 0 1 ) ,而两组各水平平均rVa和平均rVe/rVa值差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　HCM患者局部心肌舒张功能受损。脉冲波多普勒血流信号E、A受前负荷、心肌舒张功能和心房收缩的多重影响 ,而QTVI提取多普勒组织信号成像 ,能独立反映局部心肌组织的舒张功能     

缬沙坦对高血压病患者左室收缩与舒张功能的影响

目的　观察缬沙坦的降压效果及其对高血压病患者左室功能的影响。方法　对 89例初诊轻、中度高血压病患者进行 4周的缬沙坦治疗 ,应用超声心动图观察左室收缩及舒张功能的变化。选择 3 6例不用药物治疗的高血压病患者作为对照。结果　缬沙坦治疗 4周后 ,用药组诊室收缩压和舒张压明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而心房收缩期血流的峰值流速及流速积分明显加大 (P =0 .0 0 1及 <0 .0 5 ) ,E/A比值增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,对照组仍无明显变化。结论　缬沙坦在有效降压的同时能够明显改善高血压病患者的左室舒张功能。     

地尔硫(艹卓)治疗老年高血压患者舒张功能不全的临床研究

目的:研究地尔硫(艹卓)治疗老年高血压患者左室舒张功能不全的作用.方法:应用心脏超声多普勒测定二尖瓣水平舒张早期血流速曲线峰值(E)与心房收缩期血流速度曲线峰值(A)及左室射血分数(LVEF),对E/A＜1且LVEF＞45%的老年患者作为研究对象,共32例老年患者入选,服用地尔硫(艹卓)治疗4周,比较治疗前后患者心率、血压、E值、A值及E/A比率的情况.结果:服药4周后患者心率、血压及A值均显著降低(P＜0.01),而E值与E/A比率显著增加(P＜0.01).患者临床症状也有所改善.结论:地尔硫(艹卓)可显著改善老年高血压患者左室舒张功能不全.     

氯沙坦治疗老年高血压左室舒张功能障碍的疗效研究

目的　观察氯沙坦治疗老年高血压左室舒张功能障碍 (LVDD) 6个月前后患者左室舒张功能的影响。方法　 3 2例老年原发性高血压LVDD患者连续应用氯沙坦 5 0mg/d 6个月 ,并于治疗前后彩色多普勒超声心动图测定左室舒张功能 ,测量左房内径 (LAD)、等容舒张时间 (IVRT)、舒张早期峰值流速 (VE)、心房收缩期峰值流速 (VA)、E/A比值。结果　所有患者血压明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,IVRT缩短 (P <0 .0 1) ,LAD明显下降 (P <0 .0 1)、VE升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,VA降低(P <0 .0 1)、E/A比值明显上升 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　氯沙坦可明显改善老年高血压左室舒张功能障碍患者左室舒张功能。     

多普勒组织成像鉴别肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常

目的　探讨应用多普勒组织成像 (DTI)二尖瓣环舒张速度鉴别肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常。方法　在正常人与肥厚型心肌病患者中应用脉冲多普勒技术分别测量二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值速率 (E)、舒张晚期峰值速率 (A) ,肺静脉收缩波 (S)、舒张波 (D)及心房收缩波 (Ar)。转换DTI速度模式 ,测量二尖瓣环各点舒张早期峰值速率 (Ea)、舒张晚期峰值速率 (Aa)并计算Ea/Aa。结果　肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常患者与正常人二尖瓣E、A、E/A差异无显著性意义 (均 P >0 .0 5 ) ,肺静脉S、S/D、Ar差异有显著性意义 (均 P <0 .0 1) ,二尖瓣环Ea及Ea/Aa差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,Aa差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　多普勒组织成像二尖瓣环Ea及Ea/Aa可鉴别肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常     

地尔硫Zhuo治疗老年高血压患者舒张功能不全的临床研究

目的：研究地尔硫Zhuo治疗老年高血压患者左室舒张功能不全的作用。方法：应用心脏超声多普勒测定二尖瓣水平舒张早期血流速曲线峰值（E）与心房收缩期血流速度曲线峰值（A）及左室射血分数（LVEF），对E／A＜1且LVEF＞45％的老年患者作为研究对象，共32例老年患者入选，服用地尔硫Zhuo治疗4周，比较治疗前后患者心率、血压、E值、A值及E／A比率的情况。结果：服药4周后患者心率、血压及A值均显著降低（P＜0．01），而E值与E／A比率显著增加（P＜0．01）。患者临床症状也有所改善。结论：地尔硫Zhuo可显著改善老年高血压患者左室舒张功能不全。     

超声心动图评价高血压患者心脏结构及功能的改变

目的 应用超声心动图探讨高血压患者左室结构与功能的改变。方法 取正常对照组26例，并按1999年WHO／ISH标准把357例高血压患者分为1、2、3级。分别应用超声心动图测量各组心脏结构、收缩功能、舒张功能各项指标。对各项指标应用单因素方差分析。结果 高血压患者与正常人心房收缩期峰值流速(APFV)与E／A有差异，但高血压各组间无差异。高血压患者室间隔、左室后壁、左室质量及左室质量指数较正常人增加，中、重度高血压患者左房及主动脉内径增大。心脏收缩功能及舒张早期血流峰值流速(EPFV)各组间无差异。结论 室间隔及左室后壁厚度是反映血压升高的敏感指标。心房收缩期峰值流速(APFV)反映收缩功能正常的高血压患者左室舒张功能减低。     

地尔硫治疗老年高血压患者舒张功能不全的临床研究

目的:研究地尔硫(艹卓)治疗老年高血压患者左室舒张功能不全的作用。方法:应用心脏超声多普勒测定二尖瓣水平舒张早期血流速曲线峰值(E)与心房收缩期血流速度曲线峰值(A)及左空射血分数(LVEF),对E/A<1且LVEF>45％的老年患者作为研究对象,共32例老年患者入选,服用地尔硫(艹卓)治疗4周,比较治疗前后患者心率、血压、E值、A值及E/A比率的情况。结果:服药4周后患者心率、血压及A值均显著降低(P<0.01),而E值与E/A比率显著增加(P<0.01)。患者临床症状也有所改善。结论:地尔硫(艹卓)可显著改善老年高血压患者在室舒张功能不全。     

定量组织速度成像测定二尖瓣环运动速度对尿毒症患者左心舒张功能的评价

目的应用定量组织速度成像(QTVI)测定二尖瓣环运动速度评价尿毒症病患者左室舒张功能。方法应用定量组织速度成像测定30例正常人和32例尿毒症患者的二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)、左房收缩期峰值速度(Va),计算Ve/Va比值;并用脉冲多普勒测定二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值血流速度E峰、舒张晚期峰值血流速度A峰,计算E/A值。结果正常组舒张早期峰值速度(E)>左房收缩期峰值速度(A),E/A>1;二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)>左房收缩期峰值速度(Va),Ve/Va>1,正常组与尿毒症患者组二尖瓣口血流频谱及二尖瓣环运动组织速度成像测值有显著性差异,尿毒症患者组中二尖瓣环运动速度Ve/Va与二尖瓣血流频谱V/A无显著性差异。但在检出病例数中QTVI阳性例数明显高于血流频谱。结论应用定量组织速度成像测定二尖瓣口运动速度能较准确估计尿毒症患者左室舒张功能。     

超声心动图对肺静脉血流变化评价急性心肌梗死患者左室舒张功能的应用价值

目的 探讨多普勒超声心动图肺静脉血流频谱参数变化评价急性心肌梗死患者左室舒张功能的临床应用价值.方法 急性心肌梗死组32例,正常对照组30例.应用彩色多普勒超声心动图记录二尖瓣血流频谱,并选择测量参数：舒张早期峰值流速E峰（m/s）、舒张晚期峰值流速A峰（m/s）、E/A、A峰时限Ad （ms）;记录肺静脉血流频谱,并选择测量参数：收缩期前向峰值流速S波（m/s）、舒张早期前向峰值流速D波（m/s）、S/D、左房收缩期最大逆向血流速度PA波（m/s）及PA波时限PAd （ms）.结果 急性心肌梗死组二尖瓣血流频谱各项指标与正常对照组比较无显著性差异;肺静脉血流频谱参数中D波减低,S/D、PA、PAd-Ad明显增大,PA＞0.3 m/s,PAd-Ad＞0与正常对照组比较有非常显著性差异.结论 肺静脉血流频谱与二尖瓣血流频谱联合应用可以比较准确全面地评价左室舒张功能,尤其当二尖瓣血流频谱呈“伪正常化”时,结合肺静脉血流频谱可以判断左室舒张功能障碍.     

国产氨氯地平对高血压病患者左室舒张功能的影响

目的评价国产氨氯地平的降压疗效及对高血压患者左室舒张功能的影响.方法观察29例轻-中度高血压患者服用国产氨氯地平4周后的降压效果,并采用多普勒超声心动图(UCG)测定4周前后左室舒张功能的变化.结果国产氨氯地平治疗4周,SBP、DBP及脉压均有显著降低(P＜0.01～0.05).E峰峰值流速和EDV增加,IVRT缩短,从而使A峰峰值流速、A/E及心房充盈分数降低,E波持续时间及EDFP/DFP减少(P＜0.01～0.05),左室舒张功能得到改善.左室舒张功能与SBP、DBP和脉压呈负相关.结论国产氨氯地平能安全有效地降低血压,并能够改善左室舒张功能.     

冠状动脉病变与左室功能关系的临床观察

目的 探讨不同程度的冠状动脉病变与左室功能关系。方法 通过243例患者的冠状动脉造影的结果和超声心动图测得的心功能数值的分析,对比不同的冠状动脉造影结果对左室结构和功能的影响。结果 左室舒张期内径、左室心肌质量、舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积随着冠状动脉病变程度加重而增加,射身分数、左室短轴缩短率随着安然无恙太动脉病变程度加重而降低;舒张功能参数A／E比值增加与冠状程度相一致。结论 冠心病人早期即可出现心脏结构和左室功能的改变,随着冠状动脉病变的加重和累及血管的增多而增加;收缩功能的改变与冠状动脉病变有关,但累及因管多少关系不明显。A／E比值反映左室舒张功能最为敏感。另外,血管狭窄＜50％的病人应予以关注。     

定量组织速度成像对心衰患者左室心肌局域收缩及舒张功能的研究

目的　探讨定量组织速度成像 (QTVI)技术在评价心衰患者左室局域收缩及舒张功能方面的临床价值。方法　应用 QTVI技术测定 2 7例健康者 (对照组 )及 30例心衰患者 (异常组 )的左室壁各节段的收缩期峰值速度 (Vs)、收缩期运动位移 (Ds)及快速充盈期、心房收缩期的心肌运动速度 VE、VA 和 VE/ VA 比值 ,测定二尖瓣口血流频谱的快速充盈速度(E)、左房收缩充盈速度 (A)和 E/ A值 ,并将异常组与对照组进行显著性检验。结果　心衰患者的左室壁各节段的 Vs、VE、Ds比正常人显著减低 ,VE/ VA<1,与对照组相比 ,差异有极显著性意义 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　QTVI可快速及无创的定量评价心衰患者的左室壁节段收缩及舒张功能 ,对心衰的早期诊断提供了丰富的影像学依据。     

定量组织速度成像技术评价急性心肌梗死后左室重构的左室功能

目的应用定量组织速度成像技术对心肌梗死后左室重构的左心功能进行评价,以探讨其应用价值.方法用定量组织速度成像技术测定22例健康者及临床确诊的29例心肌梗死后左室重构的冠心病患者的左室壁各节段的收缩期峰值速度(VS),舒张早期速度(VE),舒张晚期速度(VA)和VE/VA比值.测定二尖瓣口血流频谱的快速充盈速度(E),左房收缩充盈速度(A)和E/A值.容积法测左室射血分数,左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI),左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)及球形指数,并与正常组比较.结果心脏左室长轴方向上心梗组前壁,侧壁,下壁各节段,后间隔心尖段Vs明显下降(P＜0.01),后间隔基底段和中间段Vs无明显差异(P＞0.05);心梗组几乎各节段VE、VA、VE/VA与正常组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05).各节段平均VS与左室射血分数,球形指数等呈线性相关(r值分别为0.79,0.68,P＜0.01),舒张期功能参数平均VE/VA与二尖瓣E/A比值之间存在高度相关性(r=0.62,P＜0.01).心梗组LVEDVI和LVESVI明显增大(P＜0.01).结论定量组织速度成像可客观定位定量的反映心肌梗死局部心肌组织的收缩及舒张功能,又能体现心肌梗死后左室重构的整体功能,为心肌梗死后左室重构的心功能的评价提供了客观依据.     

Reference ranges for fetal venous and atrioventricular blood flow parameters.

This cross-sectional study establishes reference ranges with gestation for Doppler parameters of fetal venous and atrioventricular blood flow. Color flow Doppler was used to examine 143 normal singleton pregnancies at 20-40 weeks' gestation. Flow velocity waveforms were recorded from the ductus venosus, right hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. The waveforms are triphasic, reflecting ventricular systole, early diastole and atrial contraction. Peak velocities for these parameters were measured with pulsed Doppler and a new index, the peak velocity index for veins (PVIV), was calculated. Similarly, time-averaged maximum velocities for the whole cardiac cycle were measured and the pulsatility index for veins (PIV) was calculated. Flow velocity waveforms were also recorded at the level of the atrioventricular valves and the ratios of peak velocities at early diastolic filling (E) and atrial contraction (A) were calculated. Regression analysis was used to define the association of each measured and calculated Doppler parameter with gestational age. Blood flow velocities in the fetal veins and velocities and E/A ratios across the atrioventricular valves increased significantly with gestation, whereas PVIV and PIV decreased. Blood flow velocities were highest in the ductus venosus and lowest in the right hepatic vein, and PVIV and PIV were highest in the hepatic vein and lowest in the ductus venosus. In the ductus venosus, there was always forward flow throughout the heart cycle, whereas in the inferior vena cava and hepatic vein during atrial contraction, flow was away from or towards the heart or there was no flow. Pulsatility of flow velocity waveforms in the venous system is the consequence of changes in pressure difference between the venous system and the heart during the heart cycle. The finding that PVIV and PIV decrease with gestation is consistent with decreasing cardiac afterload and maturation of diastolic ventricular function.     

Left ventricular diastolic function during normal pregnancy: assessment by spectral tissue Doppler imaging.

OBJECTIVE: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is an echocardiographic technique for assessing the diastolic function that is relatively independent of preload. Since loading conditions change significantly during pregnancy, a load-independent technique will give a more accurate assessment of diastolic function in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal diastolic function using tissue Doppler imaging. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study on 35 healthy pregnant women. M-mode, transmitral inflow (peak transmitral flow velocities during early diastole (E wave) and atrial contraction (A wave)) and TDI studies (peak myocardial velocities during early diastole (Em wave), during atrial contraction (Am wave) and peak systole in ejection phase (Sm)) were performed in each trimester and postpartum. The differences in variables between trimesters were analyzed. RESULTS: The peak transmitral inflow velocity during early diastole (E wave) was significantly decreased during the third trimester and postpartum. The peak flow velocity during atrial contraction (A wave) was increased in the second trimester, but decreased again in the third trimester and postpartum period. As a result, the E/A ratio progressively reduced as pregnancy advanced. TDI showed that peak myocardial velocities during early diastole (Em) tended to increase during the second trimester, and then decreased significantly in the third trimester or postpartum period. The peak myocardial velocities during atrial contraction (Am) increased significantly with advancing gestational age. As a consequence, both Em/Am and E/Em ratios decreased significantly throughout pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the changes in myocardial relaxation velocity throughout pregnancy. Because of its advantage of being relatively load-independent, TDI may be a useful non-invasive technique for monitoring maternal cardiac function in high-risk pregnancies to detect the early signs of cardiac failure and to prevent further deterioration with prompt interventions.     

实时三维超声心动图评估左室射血分数正常的老年高血压患者左心房容积与功能

目的应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评估左室射血分数正常的老年高血压患者左心房容积与功能的变化。方法 79例老年原发性高血压患者,其中左室肥厚(LVH)组38例,非左室肥厚(NLVH)组41例,正常对照组28例。常规超声心动图测量左心房径(LAD)、二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度(E)、舒张晚期血流速度(A),计算E/A值。脉冲组织多普勒测定室间隔二尖瓣环处舒张早期峰值速度(E'),舒张晚期峰值速度(A'),计算E/E'。RT-3DE技术测量左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左房收缩前容积(LAVp),计算左房被动射血分数(LAPEF)、左房主动射血分数(LAAEF)。比较3组间各项检测指标的变化。结果与对照组比较,高血压NLVH组和LVH组的E/E'、LAVmax、LAVp、LAAEF均显著增加(P0.05);高血压LVH组的LAD、LAVmin显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),E/A及LAPEF均显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论实时三维超声技术可以评价高血压患者的左心房容积及功能,高血压患者左心房功能障碍在左室肥厚前即已发生,而LVH患者左心房功能及左室舒张功能障碍更为严重。     

应变率成像评价冠状动脉搭桥对冠心病患者左心房功能的影响

目的 应用应变率成像(SRI)技术评价冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)对冠心病患者左心房功能的影响.方法 分别于CABG术前、术后1周、1月和3月应用SRI技术对23例冠心病患者左心房功能进行评价.结果 与术前比较,术后I周左心房收缩期前容积(LAVp)、最大容积(LAVmax)、最小容积(LAVmin)、主动排空分数(LAAEF)及被动排空分数(LAPEF)变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1月,LAVp、LAVmax、LAVmin和LAAEF减小,LAPEF增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3月,上述指标变化更为显著,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).与术前比较,术后1周SRs、SRe和SRa差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1月SRs和SRe升高、SRa降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3月SRs和SRe升高更为显著,SRa降低更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).与术前比较,术后1月、3月左室射血分数的变化率分别与SRa的变化率呈显著负相关(r=-0.751,-0.783,均P<0.01).结论 CABG术可影响冠心病患者左心房功能,表现为储蓄功能和辅泵功能减低,管道功能增加.SRI可以评价左心房功能,动态观察CABG手术前、后左心房功能的变化.     

Non-invasive cardiac assessment in beta-thalassaemia major

Iron deposition in the heart occurs in beta-thalassaemia major and contributes to cardiac dysfunction. Eighteen patients with beta-thalassaemia major were assessed clinically and had non-invasive investigations. They were young (15.5 +/- 3.6 years). Two patients had clinical heart failure. Doppler echocardiography demonstrated higher transmitral peak flow velocity in early and late diastole compared with controls (e: p<0.05, a: p<0.01). Transtricuspid peak late diastolic flow velocity was higher in patients (p<0.005). Isovolumic relaxation time was shortened (p<0.001). Pulmonary venous flow velocity was higher in diastole than systole (S: 0.51 +/- 0.11 m/s, D: 0.62 +/- 0.08 m/s). Reversal of pulmonary venous flow during atrial systole was seen in eight patients. These diastolic filling abnormalities did not significantly change with blood transfusion. Left ventricular ejection fraction was normal in patients. Two patients had cardiomegaly on chest X-ray. In beta-thalassaemia with iron overload, there is a restrictive pattern of diastolic dysfunction. This is not altered by recent blood transfusion. Left ventricular function remains relatively intact.