蒿属花粉过敏变应性鼻炎与HLA-DQA1、 DQB1基因的关系

目的 :研究北京地区蒿属花粉过敏变应性鼻炎 (AR)患者HLA DQA1、DQB1基因与蒿属花粉过敏易感性的关系。方法 :用聚合酶链反应 序列特异性引物技术 (PCR SSP) ,检测HLA DQA1、DQB1基因型在 4 1例以蒿属花粉过敏为主的AR患者及 4 1例对照组间的分布 ,并统计分析了二者间的分布差异。结果 :4 1例变应性鼻炎患者DQA1 0 2 0 1、DQB1 0 6 0 2基因频率 (2 4 .39%、4 .88% )明显低于对照者 (46 .34%、2 6 .83% ) ,而DQA1 0 30 2基因频率 (5 8.5 4 % )明显高于对照者 (14 .6 3% ) ,具有统计学意义。结论 :提示HLA DQA1 0 2 0 1、DQB1 0 6 0 2基因可能是AR发病的抗性基因 ,而DQA1 0 30 2可能是AR发病的易感性基因。     

Decreased level of osteopontin in children with allergic rhinitis during sublingual immunotherapy

ObjectiveSublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is proven to be very effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), but its regulatory mechanism and biomarkers for predicting efficacy are still unknown. Osteopontin (OPN), as a recently described Th2 inflammation related protein, plays key role in the pathogenesis of AR. The aim of this study was to identify the expression and role of OPN during SLIT in children.MethodsFifty house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized children with AR were enrolled in this study. AR children received HDM allergen extract or placebo for SLIT. Serum of different time points during treatment was collected and used for enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) of OPN and related cytokines, respectively. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children after SLIT or placebo treatment were collected and stimulated with HDM with or without OPN/anti-OPN after one year's treatment.ResultsOur results showed that expression of OPN protein was decreased after one year's therapy. The decreased OPN expression was positively related to decreased Th2 cytokines and negatively related to enhanced IL-10 and TGF-β expression. In vitro experiments confirmed that children received SLIT treatment showed decreased production of Th2 cytokines by PBMCs after HDM stimulation.ConclusionDuring SLIT, decreased OPN expression was related to low Th2 cytokine expression and enhanced IL-10 and TGF-β expression. High serum OPN expression predicts poor treatment efficacy. OPN may be used as a biomarker for SLIT treatment.     

炎性细胞在变应性鼻炎患者鼻黏膜中的观察

目的 探讨变应性鼻炎患者鼻黏膜组织中炎性细胞的变化及与变应性鼻炎的关系。方法 选择55例发作期变应性鼻炎患者及123例健康者，采用刮匙在下鼻甲黏膜处刮拭涂片，用Wright染色，进行细胞学检测，并进行统行学分析。结果变应性鼻炎发作期患者黏膜细胞发生了显著变化，中性粒细胞及嗜酸粒细胞的数量显著增加（P〈0．001），淋巴细胞明显增加（P〈0.05），而脱落上皮细胞显著减少（P〈0．001）。结论 炎性细胞是变应性鼻炎发病机制中诸多因素之一，深入了解这一作用对于指导临床治疗有重要的意义。     

辽阳地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原谱分析

目的 调查辽阳地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患者变应原的特点.方法 采用体外特异性变应原检测法对辽阳地区408例AR患者进行血清检测,测定特异性IgE(sIgE),并进行分析.结果 ①408例AR患者行sIgE检测,变应原阳性率前6位的变应原依次是矮豚草/蒿/葎草(39.71％)、户尘螨(37.30％)、念珠/点青/分枝/交链...     

未成年人与成年人变应性鼻炎变应原致敏特点

目的 分析江苏省常州市变应性鼻炎(AR)患者16种标准化变应原皮肤点刺试验(SPT)结果,比较本地区未成年人与成年人变应性鼻炎变应原致敏的特点。方法 4383例(3~75岁)临床疑似AR的患者被分为未成年人组(3~17岁)及成年人组(18~75岁),其中未成年人组又细分为三组(3~5岁组,6~14岁组,15~17岁组)后进行SPT结果分析。结果 未成年人组SPT阳性1063例(78.9%),其中男717例(67.5%),女346例(32.5%);成年人组SPT阳性1687例(55.6%),其中男715例(42.4%),女972例(57.6%)。未成年人组与成年人组均以粉尘螨、户尘螨为最主要变应原,阳性率分别为92.9%、90.8%及81.0%、78.9%。主要变应原第3~5位者,未成年人组为猫毛(7.2%)、蟑螂(6.9%)、葎草花粉(5.8%),成年人组为蟑螂(14.2%)、葎草花粉(13.0%)、海虾(6.4%)。经χ2检验,未成年人组与成年人组的SPT阳性率,SPT阳性男女比例,粉尘螨、户尘螨、蟑螂、葎草花粉及猫毛变应原阳性率,单一尘螨阳性率,单一尘螨阳性男女比例,粉尘螨及户尘螨阳性等级中+++及++++构成比与++构成比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经细分的未成年人三组间,除6~14岁组SPT阳性率与3～5岁组和15～17岁组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,其余上述各项两两相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 本地区未成年人与成年人AR患者的主要变应原存在显著差别。未成年人组中,男性SPT阳性率及单一尘螨阳性率明显高于女性。未成年人更适合特异性免疫治疗(SIT)。     

Submucous turbinectomy combined with posterior nasal neurectomy in the management of severe allergic rhinitis: clinical outcomes and local cytokine changes

OBJECTIVES: Submucous resection of the inferior turbinate is one of the recommended methods to alleviate nasal symptoms in patients with severe allergic rhinitis patients in terms of postoperative results and preservation of nasal function. Posterior nasal neurectomy, recently developed by Kikawada, is a novel method to selectively cut the neural bundles out from the sphenopalatine foramen and to diminish the complaints of hypersecretion. This study was carried to examine the clinical effectiveness and changes in local cytokine levels of this combined surgical procedure. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with severe perennial allergic rhinitis underwent submucous turbinectomy combined with posterior nasal neurectomy under general anesthesia. The patients' subjective nasal symptoms were examined at each visit. The levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5), eotaxin and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in nasal lavages were measured before and 6 month after surgery. Nasal mucosa of the inferior turbinate was also obtained for histopathological examination in some cases. RESULTS: The mean symptom scores for sneeze, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and total severity were all statistically decreased after surgery. Therapeutic effects continued to be apparent as long as 3 years after surgery. The mean levels of both IL-5 and eotaxin significantly decreased after surgery, but that of RANTES remained unchanged. Histopathological examination revealed that the number of inflammatory cells and nasal glands markedly reduced in lamina propria and the epithelial layer became covered with stratified columnar cells. CONCLUSION: Submucosal turbinectomy with posterior nasal neurectomy has remarkably improved subjective nasal symptoms in patients with severe allergic rhinitis on a long-term follow-up basis. The present study also demonstrates that the clinical effectiveness of the procedure is accompanied by decreases in local inflammatory cell infiltration and the related cytokine production.     

变应性鼻炎舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂免疫治疗早期鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞检测与临床分析

目的 探讨变应性鼻炎舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂免疫治疗早期鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞计数及与临床症状的关系。方法 对43例行舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂免疫治疗的变应性鼻炎患者,在免疫治疗前及治疗后2、4、8周采集鼻腔分泌物,经涂片染色后计数鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞,并分析其与临床症状的可能相关性。结果 舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂免疫治疗后4、8周鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞计数较免疫治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;免疫治疗后4周及8周主观症状有明显改善的患者鼻分泌物嗜酸细胞计数较免疫治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗变应性鼻炎时,鼻黏膜局部免疫状态的改变在免疫治疗后4周或更早的时间已经发生。     

Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in nasal epithelial cells in patients with allergic rhinitis

OBJECTIVES: Although ciliated epithelial cells of human nose and paranasal sinuses have recently been reported to be the major source of locally detected nitric oxide (NO), changes to the NO production by these cells and their functional roles remain uncertain in relation to allergic rhinitis. The objective of this study is to investigate differences in the ability of induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms by nasal epithelial cells. STUDY DESIGN: Epithelial cells of the inferior turbinate taken from 12 normal subjects and 12 allergic patients against house dust mite were used. Samples from the house dust group were taken both before and after antigen provocation. METHODS: Immunoreactivity for two NOS isoforms, inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS), was examined by the laser scanning confocal microscope. The labeled cells were processed into digital images, and the fluorescence intensity was assessed quantitatively. RESULTS: The degree of iNOS expression of the epithelial cells was significantly elevated in the house dust group compared with that of the control group. The expression appeared identical both before and after antigen provocation in the house dust group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in eNOS expression between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: We assume that the increased iNOS expression of the epithelial cells in the house dust group might result from stimulated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines during allergic responses. This further suggests profound contribution of nasal epithelial cells to modifying the airway clearance through the production of high levels of NO.     

舌下免疫治疗变应性鼻炎患者的脱落特点分析

目的 研究耳鼻咽喉科门诊行舌下免疫治疗(SLIT)变应性鼻炎(AR)患者的脱落率、脱落特点及脱落原因.方法 通过电话随访2018年5-8月东部战区总医院耳鼻咽喉科门诊行SLIT的AR患者343例,男214例,女129例,年龄3～55岁.根据年龄分为5组:学龄前组(3～6岁),学龄组(7～12岁),青春期组(13～20岁...     

CO(2) laser treatment in 244 patients with respiratory papillomas

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory papillomas (RP) tend to recur and the difficulty in eradicating the disease makes their treatment frustrating. Meticulous CO(2) laser excisions every 2 months has been the most effective treatment to date. This article analyzes the results of this plan in 244 patients with RP in the nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, lung parenchyma, and skin. METHODS: Two hundred forty-four patients with recurrent RP were treated by the senior author with CO(2) laser excisions and, in some cases, podophyllum and alpha interferon. Demographics, initial distribution of papillomas, number of operations performed on each patient, and current results were evaluated. RESULTS: Careful laser excisions of RPs every 2 months achieved "remission" of disease (no visible RP on indirect or often direct laryngoscopy 2 mo after last removal) in 37% of patients, "clearance" of the disease process (no RP clinically apparent for 3 y after last removal) in 6%, and "cure" (no clinical recurrence for 5 y after last removal) in 17%. Juvenile-onset RP tends to follow a more aggressive course than adult-onset RP. Four patients (1.6%) developed malignant transformation of their papillomas. Except for ones in lung parenchyma, RP in areas other than the true vocal cords tend to be cleared faster because aggressive removal does not cause hoarseness. Lung parenchyma RPs are eventually fatal because of pulmonary failure from abscesses and cysts resulting from a lack of effective treatment. CONCLUSION: Frequent and meticulously performed CO(2) laser excisions can achieve significant voice and airway improvement, and some clinical "cures." However, effective antiviral medicines and/or immunologic agents are needed to achieve true cures with elimination of all human papilloma virus 6 and 11 viruses.     

CO2激光联合低温等离子治疗早期声门型喉癌40例

目的 探讨CO₂激光联合低温等离子治疗早期声门型喉癌(EGC)的临床疗效。 方法 回顾性分析内镜下CO₂激光联合低温等离子治疗的40例EGC患者的临床资料,观察术后治疗效果及复发情况。 结果 所有患者首次手术均为内镜下CO₂激光联合低温等离子切除术,共随访4.2~32.0个月(平均18.6个月)。40例均未失访,复发1次3例,复发2次2例,复发率12.5%。复发后行喉全切除术2例,复发后行喉垂直部分切除术1例,复发后行颈淋巴结清扫术1例,复发后再行CO₂激光联合低温等离子切除术+气管切开术1例。 其中喉全切除再次复发行放、化疗及介入治疗,治疗效果差1例;喉垂直部分切除再次复发后选择放疗1例,治疗情况欠佳;余3例末次手术后恢复良好。术后肉芽组织增生9例,术后出现声带粘连4例。36例患者术后发音功能恢复满意,恢复欠佳2例,复发行喉全切除术后丧失发音功能2例。 结论 内镜下CO₂激光联合低温等离子治疗EGC可弥补激光和低温等离子单一治疗模式的不足、提高手术效率,临床有效可行。     

变应性鼻炎患者外周血Th1/Th2型细胞因子表达意义及其对气道高反应性的预测价值研究

目的 分析变应性鼻炎(AR)患者外周血Th1/Th2型细胞因子表达意义及其对气道高反应性的预测价值。方法 选定海安市人民医院2020年1月—2022年1月接诊的50例AR患者,同期选取海安市人民医院门诊体检的50例健康体检者作为对照组,检测、比较两组血清Th1细胞因子[干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、Th2细胞因子[白细胞介素-5(IL-5)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)],对比AR患者中轻度、中重度组血清Th1、Th2细胞因子;根据气道反应是否正常将AR患者分为两组,27例气道反应正常的患者设为气道反应正常组,23例气道高反应的患者设为气道反应异常组,比较两组血清Th1、Th2细胞因子,绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC),计算曲线下面积(AUC),分析血清Th1、Th2细胞因子对气道高反应的预测价值。结果 AR患者血清IFN-γ均低于对照组(P<0.05),AR患者血清TNF-α、IL-4、IL-5均高于对照组(P<0.05)。中重度AR患者血清IFN-γ均低于轻度组、对照组(P<0.05),中重度AR患者血清TNF-α、IL-4、IL-5均高于...     

滨蒿内酯对实验性变应性鼻炎大鼠血清Th1/Th2细胞因子表达的影响

目的：观察滨蒿内酯（Scoparone）对变应性鼻炎（AR）模型大鼠血清Th1/Th2细胞因子表达的影响。方法32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,即正常对照组（NC组）、变应性鼻炎模型组（模型组）、滨蒿内酯组（Sco组）和地塞米松组（Dex组）。以卵清蛋白致敏和激发方法建立变应性鼻炎模型并予相应治疗。观察大鼠行为学改变及鼻黏膜病理组织学变化,ELISA法检测血清IgE和细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4及IL-5水平。结果在Sco组动物,其行为学评分（1.93±0.70）明显低于AR模型组（6.69±0.88,P＜0.01）,与Dex组（2.06±0.55）和NC组（1.45±0.31）比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;鼻黏膜炎性反应表现明显轻于AR模型组;血清IFN-γ水平（51.01±5.27）明显高于AR模型组（37.41±4.66）,IgE、IL-4和IL-5水平则明显低于AR模型组（均P＜0.01）,但与Dex组和NC组比较均P＞0.05。结论滨蒿内酯可能通过调节Th1/Th2细胞因子表达并抑制IgE分泌而对变应性鼻炎产生治疗作用。     

成都市变应性鼻炎患者吸入性过敏原类型及分布特征分析

目的 对成都市变应性鼻炎(AR)患者的吸入性过敏原类型及其分布特征进行分析,为当地AR患者的预防治疗提供参考依据。方法 2019—2022年,依托成都市第二人民医院耳鼻咽喉科门诊对接受过敏原检测的拟诊AR患者进行登记并采集临床信息,统计AR患者的过敏原类型并分析其分布特征。结果 共计有12 486例患者完成了临床信息登记并确诊为AR患者,其中单一过敏原过敏患者5 408例(43.31%),双重或多重过敏原过敏患者7 078例(56.69%);过敏原类型构成中前3位分别为尘螨、豚草与猫皮屑,其中单一过敏原的AR患者中尘螨占比达69.80%;在尘螨类型的单一过敏原AR患者中,反应强度为+++及以上占比61.83%。不同年龄组的AR患者过敏原种类数的分布显著不同,且年龄组之间的两两比较也均有显著差异,2~14岁组AR患者占比为38.49%,高于15~24岁组(21.39%)、25~34岁组(18.46%)、35~44岁组(8.87%)、≥45岁组(12.79%);2~14岁组双重及以上过敏原AR患者占比(70.02%)也显著高于15~24岁组、25~34岁组、35~44岁组、≥45岁组(依次为55.52%、51.58%、44.17%、34.56%);2~14岁组、15~24岁组尘螨过敏原占比(41.81%、22.47%)高于25~34岁组、35~44岁组和≥45岁组(依次为15.45%、8.34%、11.94%)。另一方面,夏、秋季的AR患者占比远高于其他时节,且不同季节的过敏原种类分布存在显著差异;AR患者呈逐年上升趋势,其过敏原种类的分布在不同年份之间也存在显著差异,且尘螨与猫皮屑的分布比也呈逐年上升趋势。结论 成都市近年来确诊的AR患者人数逐年上升,尘螨是最主要的吸入性过敏原种类,夏、秋季是AR患者的高发季节,儿童、青少年是AR的主要患病人群,且更易发生多重过敏,应当更加注重易感人群的健康防护。     

前组筛窦开放联合下鼻甲激光消融术对变应性鼻炎患者血清IgE、IgG、ECP水平的影响

目的观察比较前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术治疗前后变应性鼻炎患者血清IgE、IgG、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）水平的变化，探讨该疗法治疗变应性鼻炎的机制。方法20例变应性鼻炎患者，经鼻内镜行前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术；术前、术后1、2、4周分别检测患者血清总IgE（tIgE）、IgG、ECP水平，并以20例健康者作为对照组。结果与健康对照组相比较，手术治疗前变应性鼻炎患者的tIgE和ECP水平均明显升高，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与患者本身术前水平相比较，手术治疗后1、2周时，其tIgE、IgG和ECP水平变化差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；至手术治疗后4周时，其tIgE和ECP水平均低于术前，IgG又高于术前，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。直线相关分析显示，tIgE与ECP水平存在高度正相关（r=0.943，P=0.001）。结论前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术治疗变应性鼻炎的机制，可能是破坏筛前神经和部分副交感神经末梢，阻断神经反射，减少神经肽的释放，进而调节血清IgE、IgG、ECP的水平而发挥治疗作用。     

阿罗格标准化尘螨疫苗治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效和安全性

目的：探讨标准化皮下特异性免疫治疗（SCIT）变应性鼻炎（AR）的临床疗效和安全性。方法：收集2006-01-2009—01应用阿罗格尘螨疫苗进行3年标准化SCIT并有完整随访资料的425例AR患者的资料进行回顾性分析,其共完成31088次尘螨变应原疫苗注射。通过比较治疗前后患者的生活质量评分,治疗前及免疫治疗后每6周记录的鼻症状VAS评分及药物评分,评估该疗法的临床疗效。分析剂量递增期和剂量维持期的局部及全身不良反应的发生情况,评估疗法的安全性。结果：免疫治疗前总体生活质量评分[中位数（25分位数;75分位数）,下同]为3．8（2．9;4．5）分,3年免疫治疗后为1．1（1．0;2．0）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;治疗前鼻部症状VAS评分（0～40分）及药物评分分别为23．7（20．5;27．8）分及3．9（3．2;4．7）分,治疗后分别为2．1（1．6;2．2）分及0（0;0）分,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。在剂量维持阶段,患者的症状及药物评分基本稳定．局部不良反应发生率为3．15％,全身不良反应发生率为0．90％。结论：SCIT是治疗尘螨引起AR的一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

苏皖地区变应性鼻炎患者吸入性变应原谱分析

了解苏皖地区变应性鼻炎（AR）患者的吸入性变应原谱,为AR诊治和预防提供思路与方法。