湖南地区鼻咽癌MHC-Ⅰ类链相关基因A第5外显子微卫星多态性研究

目的研究MHC-Ⅰ类链相关基因A(MHC class-Ⅰ chain related gene A, MICA)第5外显子微卫星多态性与湖南地区鼻咽癌之间的相关性.方法应用荧光聚合酶链反应-基因扫描技术和聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物技术分析127例湖南地区鼻咽癌患者和112名正常人群MICA基因第5外显子微卫星等位基因及MICA基因缺失(MICA*Del)频率.结果 MICA*A9表型频率在患者组(45/127)高于对照组(20/112),相对风险值(relative risk)为2.524(P=0.001,Pc=0.006);MICA*A5.1表型频率在患者组(51/127)低于对照组(69 /112),相对风险值为0.418(P=0.0004, Pc=0.0026).进一步分析发现,MICA*A9在男性患者组的表型频率(35/101)高于男性对照组(11/78),相对风险值为3.23(P=0.00095,Pc=0.006);MICA*A5.1在男性患者组的表型频率(39 /101)低于男性对照组(49/78),相对风险值为0.372 (P=0.0007,Pc=0.004);各MICA-STR 等位基因频率在女性患者组与女性对照组之间的差异无统计学意义(Pc＞0.05).结论湖南地区MICA-STR等位基因多态性与鼻咽癌相关,MICA*A9是该人群男性个体的一个鼻咽癌遗传易感标记.     

HLA-A、-B基因多态性与流行性出血热的相关性

目的 探讨HLA-A、-B等位基因与流行性出血热的相关性.方法 采用聚合酶链反应.序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术,检测流行性出血热患者的HLA-A、-B等位基因.结果 与50例正常对照组比较,在50例出血热患者中HLA-A*31的基因频率明显增高,经统计学检测,两组差别具有显著性(RR=14.8,x2=4.388,P=0.036);患者组中HIA-B*40等位基因的基因频率显著低于健康对照组,两者之间差异具有显著性(RR=0.42,x2=3.895,P=0.048).结论 HLA-A*31、-B*40等位基因与流行性出血热具有相关性,A*31可能是其易感基因,B*40可能是保护基因.     

河南地区汉族人群复发性流产患者HLA-DRB1、DQB1等位基因多态性的研究

目的探讨复发性流产易感性与人类白细胞抗原(HLA)DR、DQ区域基因多态性的关系。方法采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP),分析200例复发性流产患者(患者组)和200例无不良妊娠史正常妇女(对照组)的DRB1和DQB1基因型。结果患者组中的DQB1*03(39.25%)等位基因频率显著高于对照组(32.5%)(P=0.047<0.05,RR=1.208),DQB1*05(14%)等位基因频率较对照组显著降低(22.75%)(P=0.001<0.05,RR=0.615);患者组中DRB1*09(14%)等位基因频率显著高于对照组(9.25%)(P=0.036<0.05,RR=1.514),DRB1*12(8.5%)等位基因频率较对照组显著降低(14%)(P=0.014<0.05,RR=0.607)。结论河南地区汉族人群中DQB1*03、DRB1*09可能是复发性流产的易感基因,而DQB1*05、DRB1*12可能对复发性流产的发生有保护作用。     

HLA-A*3101、B*4001、B*5801、DRB1*1602等位基因与遵义地区汉族肾综合征出血热发病的相关性研究

目的 探讨HLA-A*31、B*40、B*58、DRB1*16位点基因多态性与遵义地区汉族肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的关联性.方法 采用群体研究方法,应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术对100例HFRS患者(患者组)和100例健康对照者(健康对照组)进行HLA-A*31、B*40、B*58、DRB1*16基因亚型分型,比较基因频率(GF),并计算其相对危险度(RR).结果 HFRS患者组HLA-A*3101、B*5801、DRB1*1602的基因频率均较对照组明显增高(RR=13.825,x2=4.296,P=0.038;RR=2.614,x2=6.133,P=0.013;RR=8.523,x2=8.865,P=0.003),差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);患者组HLA-B*4001的基因频率较对照组明显降低(RR=0.414,x2=6.640,P=0.010),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 遵义地区汉族人群中,HLA-A*3101、B*5801、DRB1*1602等位基因与HFRS呈正相关,HLA-B*4001等位基因与HFRS呈负相关.     

MICA基因多态性与肺癌的相关性研究

目的 研究海南汉族人群MICA基因的多态性与肺癌的相关性.方法 采用PCR-SSP和PCR-SBT方法对样本MICA基因的多态性进行检测分析.结果 肺癌患者中有1 1种MICA等位基因被检测出来,MICA* A5/010基因频率在肺癌组中明显增高(MICA* A5:OR=1.62,95％ CI:1.18～2.23,Pc ＜0.05;MICA *010:OR=6.13,95％ CI:3.5～10.75,Pc＜0.000).结论 MICA* A5/010基因可能与肺癌的易感性相关.     

HLA-DQ多态性基因与系统性红斑狼疮易感性

采用PCR-SSO方法对江苏籍汉族SLE患者和正常对照组HLA-DQ作基因分型.结果显示,患者组中DQA1*0102频率(RR=3.43.Pc=0.03164)及HLA-DQA1*0102,DQB1*0601和HLA-DQA1*0102,DQB1*0602单倍型频率(RR=9.4,P=0.027和RR=12.4.P=0.007)均明显高于正常对照组.相反,DQA1*0601频率则显著低于正常对照组(RR=0.29,Pc=0.0461).但没发现任何DQB1等位基因与SLE有关.这提示在汉族SLE与HLA-DQ基因的相关性方面,DQA1*0102起主导作用.DQA1*0102或某个与其紧密连锁的其它基因可能是汉族SLE的易感基因,而DQA1*0601则可能对SLE的发病有一定的保护性.     

湖南北部汉族人群MICA/B基因多态性研究

目的 研究MICA/B等位基因在湖南北部汉族人群中的分布特点.方法 采用PCR-SSP(PCR-sequence-specific primers)方法和PCR-SBT(PCR-sequence-based typing)方法对95名无亲缘关系的个体进行MICA/B基因分型.结果 在湖南北部汉族人群中共检测到11个MICA等位基因,频率最高的依次为MICA *010 (28.95％)、MICA *008∶01(20.53％)和MICA* 002∶01(15.79％);共检测到5种STR(short tandem repeat)型别,其中MICA* A5 (37.89％)和MICA* A5.1(21.05％)频率最高.在湖南北部汉族人群中共检测到10个MICB等位基因,以MICB* 005∶02/010最常见(58.42％),其他较常见的等位基因有MICB* 002∶01(10.00％)、MICB* 008 (7.89％).在湖南北部汉族人群中,单倍型MICA* 004-MICB* 004∶01与MICA* 010-MICB* 005∶02/010具有显著的连锁不平衡.将MICA/B基因在湖南北部汉族人群中的分布与该基因在其他人群中的分布进行比较,显示MICA/B基因的分布在不同人群之间存在差异.结论 湖南北部汉族人群有自己独特的分布特征.     

乙肝病毒相关性肾炎的HLA基因频率分布

目的探讨乙肝病毒相关性肾炎（HBV-GN）与人类白细胞抗原（HLA）基因系统的相关性。方法应用国际通用的HLA标准微量淋巴细胞毒方法检测HBV-GN患者的HLA-Ⅰ类抗原;利用聚和酶链反应-序列特异性引物技术（PCR-SSP）进行HLA-Ⅱ类基因分型,并与正常人进行比较。结果1.发现HBV-GN患者HLA-A3、A10抗原频率高于正常对照组（A3Pc<0.01,RR=16.33;A10Pc<0.01,RR=10.76）。2.HLA-DRB1*03基因频率在HBV-GN患者组较正常对照组明显增高（DRB1*03Pc<0.01,RR=12.90）,而HLA-DQB1*03基因频率较正常对照组明显降低（DQB1*03Pc<0.001,RR=0.12）。结论提示乙肝病毒相关性肾炎与HLA-A3、A10、DRB1*03正相关,与HLA-DQB1*03负相关。     

MICA基因与系统性红斑狼疮关系的研究

目的 明确云南汉族群体中主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ类链相关基因A（major histocompatibility complex class I chian-related gene,MICA）基因与系统性红斑狼疮（systemic Iupus erythematosus,SLE）的关系。方法 应用STR扫描分型技术、聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性和DNA双向序列测定，确定MICA基因第4、5外显子在云南汉族70例SLE患者和152名正常对照中的等位基因及其分布频率。结果 共发现MICA第5外显子5种等位基因和第4外显子10种等位基因，并确定了各自在病例组和对照组中的分布频率，表明MICA第4、5外显子各等位基因的分布频率在SLE病例组和对照组中差异无显著性。结论 云南汉族群体中MICA基因第4、5外显子的各等位基因与云南汉族系统性红斑狼疮无相关性。     

新疆汉族HLA-DRB1基因多态性与再生障碍性贫血的相关性

目的探讨人类白细胞抗原(HLA)DRB1与再生障碍性贫血(AA)的相关性。方法采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP)DNA分型技术对43例新疆汉族AA患者(AA病例组)和200例新疆汉族人群作为健康对照者(健康对照组)进行HLA-DRB1基因分型,研究HLA-DRB1基因多态性与新疆汉族AA患者的相关性。结果 AA病例组和健康对照组的等位基因频率有相同之处,均表现为DRB1*15表达最高,同时DRB1*4、DRB1*7、DRB1*9、DRB1*12表达均较高,频率最低的均为DRB1*17;AA病例组中DRB1*8等位基因频率(13.73%)显著高于对照组(6.99%),差异有统计学意义(OR=2.202,P0.05);AA病例组DRB1*12、DRB1*14等位基因频率低于对照组,差异无统计学意义。其中AA病例组女性等位基因DRB1*12(5.41%vs 10.00%,OR=0.2079,P0.05)和AA病例组男性DRB1*14等位基因频率(2.11%)显著低于对照组(7.53%),差异有统计学意义(OR=0.1403,P0.05);AA病例组女性DRB1*15等位基因频率(27.45%)显著高于对照组(14.56%),差异有统计学意义(OR=2.433,P0.05)。结论 DRB1*08可能是AA患者的易感基因;DRB1*12可能是女性AA患者拮抗基因;DRB1*14可能是男性AA患者的拮抗基因;DRB1*15可能是女性AA患者的易感基因。     

Positive association of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A polymorphism with leukemia susceptibility in the people of Han nationality of Southern China

To assess the potential contribution of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA) polymorphisms toward the pathogenesis of leukemia, 107 leukemia patients and 162 ethnically matched controls from Hunan province, Southern China, were genotyped for the MICA polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP) and sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT). The relevance between these genotypes and risk of leukemia was assessed by means of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Allele frequencies of MICA-sequence and MICA-STR were different in leukemia patients in comparison with normal controls (both P < 0.05). MICA A5 was directly associated with leukemia (OR = 2.3257, Pc < 0.0005), whereas MICA A5.1 and MICA*008 were inversely associated with leukemia (OR = 0.5874, Pc = 0.0235 and OR = 0.5874, Pc = 0.0329, respectively). In addition, we found that homozygotes for MICA A5 (OR = 14.0659, 95% CI: 3.1627-62.5574, Pc < 0.0001) and MICA*010 (OR = 10.1053, 95% CI: 2.2139-46.1260, Pc < 0.0004) were at an increased risk for leukemia, whereas heterozygotes for MICA*008 and MICA A5.1 were linked to a decreased risk for leukemia (OR = 0.4609, 95% CI: 0.2799-0.7590, Pc = 0.0027). MICA allelic variation is associated with leukemia in Hunan Han population; the data also suggest that MICA gene polymorphism affects susceptibility to different clinical subtypes of leukemia.     

MICA-STR, HLA-B haplotypic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in the Hunan Han population of southern China

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related gene A (MICA) is located 46 kb centromeric to HLA-B and encodes a stress-inducible protein. MICA allelic variation is thought to be associated with disease susceptibility and immune response to transplants. This study was aimed to investigate the haplotypic diversity and linkage disequilibrium between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B and (GCT)(n) short tandem repeat in exon 5 of MICA gene (MICA-STR) in a southern Chinese Han population. Fifty-eight randomly selected nuclear families with 183 members including 85 unrelated parental samples were collected in Hunan province, southern China. HLA-B generic typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP), and samples showing novel HLA-B-MICA-STR linkage were further typed for HLA-B allelic variation by high-resolution PCR-SSP. MICA-STR allelic variation and MICA gene deletion (MICA*Del) were detected by fluorescent PCR-size sequencing and PCR-SSP. Haplotype was determined through family segregation analysis. Statistical analysis was applied to the data of the 85 unrelated parental samples. Nineteen HLA-B specificities and seven MICA-STR allelic variants were observed in 85 unrelated parental samples, the most predominant of which were HLA-B*46, -B60, -B*13, and -B*15, and MICA*A5, MICA*A5.1 and MICA*A4, respectively. Genotype distributions of HLA-B, MICA-STR loci were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg proportions. The HLA-B-MICA-STR haplotypic phases of all 85 unrelated parental samples were unambiguously assigned, which contained 30 kinds of HLA-B, MICA-STR haplotypic combinations, nine of them have not been reported in the literature. Significant positive linkage disequilibria between certain HLA-B and MICA-STR alleles, including HLA-B*13 and MICA*A4, HLA-B*38 and MICA*A9, HLA-B*58 and MICA*A9, HLA-B*46 and MICA*A5, HLA-B*51 and MICA*A6, HLA-B*52 and MICA*A6, and HLA-B60 and MICA*A5.1, were observed. HLA-B*48 was linked to MICA*A5, MICA*A5.1 and MICA*Del. HLA-B*5801-MICA*A10 linkage was found in a family. Our data indicated a high degree of haplotypic diversity and strong linkage disequilibrium between MICA-STR and HLA-B in a southern Chinese Han population, the data will inform future studies on anthropology, donor-recipient HLA matching in clinical transplantation and HLA-linked disease association.     

Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update May 2009

Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A ( MICA ) is located 46 kb centromeric to HLA-B locus and encodes a stress-inducible protein. MICA allelic variation is thought to be associated with disease susceptibility and immune response to transplants. In this study, polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method for MICA alleles has been established. Genomic DNAs from 100 healthy Chinese Han individuals were typed for MICA alleles by this method. The microsatellite polymorphism in the exon 5 of MICA gene, MICA * Del allele, and human leukocyte antigen-B alleles was also detected by the polymerase chain reaction–GeneScan, polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer, and PCR-SBT methods, respectively. Fourteen MICA alleles were found in the population, with MICA * 00801/04 having the highest frequency of 27.0%. MICA * A4 , * A5 , * A5.1 , * A6 , and * A9 microsatellites were identified. Two samples with HLA-B * 4801 were MICA * Del positive, with the frequency of 1.0%. The data showed that the new PCR-SBT method for MICA alleles was reliable and Chinese Han population was distinct in distribution of MICA alleles.     

MICA genetic polymorphism and HLA-A,C,B,MICA and DRB1 haplotypic variation in a southern Chinese Han population: identification of two new MICA alleles, MICA*060 and MICA*062

In this study, 201 healthy, unrelated Han subjects in Hunan province, southern China, were investigated by sequence-based typing (SBT) for the allelic variation of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related gene A (MICA). Nineteen MICA alleles were observed, among which MICA*008:01 predominated with gene frequency of 30.35%. There was significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) of MICA*012:01 with HLA-B*54 and HLA-B*55, which was not observed in a northern Chinese Han population. Haplotype HLA-A*11-C*07-B60-MICA*008:01 (9.16%) was highly specific to this southern Chinese Han population. The most common five-locus haplotype in this population was HLA-A*02-C*01-B*46-MICA*010-DRB1*09 (8.73%). A new MICA allele, MICA*060, was identified on an HLA-A*02-C*01-B*55:02-DRB1*14 haplotype through extended family analysis. MICA*060 has probably arisen from MICA*012:01. Another new MICA allele, MICA*062, was identified by screening 1432 subjects using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific priming technology. MICA*062 has probably derived from MICA*010. Of particular interest is that MICA*062 was carried on an HLA-C*08-B*48:01-DRB1*14 haplotypic segment, as HLA-B*48 has been consistently shown to be primarily linked to MICA gene deletion in east Asian populations. Our results provide new insight into MICA genetic polymorphism in human populations. The findings reported here are of importance for future studies on the potential role of MICA in allogeneic organ transplantation and disease association in populations of Chinese ancestry.     

三个群体MICA基因外显子2、3和4的多态性研究

目的 调查上海地区汉族、云南傣族和新疆维吾尔族3个群体MICA基因外显子2、3和4的多态性。方法 采用聚合酶链反应－序列特异的寡核苷酸探针杂交（polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide robing,PCR-SSOP）方法，分析183名汉族、41名傣族和66名维吾尔族正常人群的MICA胞外区等位基因多态性。结果 分别在汉族、傣族和维吾尔族中检测出10、7和9个MICA等位，其中MICA^*008在汉族和维吾尔族中频率最高，而傣族中MICA^*010的频率最高。3个民族MICA等位基因分布方式各不相同，而且维吾尔族的等位基因分布与另外两个民族相比，差异具有显著性。结论 MICA等位基因分布方式具有民族地区特异性。     

MICA Gene Deletion in 3411 DNA Samples from Five Distinct Populations in Mainland China and Lack of Association with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in a Southern Chinese Han population

Deletion of major histocompatibility complex class I chain‐related genes A (MICA*Del) was investigated in 3,411 DNA samples from two southern Chinese Han populations (Hunan Han, HNH; Guangdong Han, GDH), two northern Chinese populations (Inner Mongolia Han, IMH; Inner Mongolia Mongol, IMM) and one southeastern Chinese Han population (Fujian Han, FJH) using an in‐house polymerase chain reaction‐sequence specific priming (PCR‐SSP) assay, which enables direct discrimination between heterozygote and homozygote for MICA*Del. MICA*Del showed a frequency ranging from 0.8% in FJH to 5.7% in IMM (P_corrected < 0.05), indicating northward increase in frequency of MICA*Del in Chinese populations. In contrast to the association reported recently in a Taiwan Chinese population and a Malaysian Chinese cohort, MICA*Del distribution did not differ between 1,120 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 1,483 normal controls in the HNH population (1.03% in NPC cases vs 1.18% in the controls, OR (95% CI) = 0.87 (0.51‐1.47), p = 0.69). Further gender‐stratified analysis also failed to disclose any male‐specific association reported in a Taiwan Chinese population. Multi‐locus typing of the 94 samples carrying MICA*Del revealed two new haplotypes, HLA‐A*11:01‐B*13:01‐MICA*Del‐MICB*009N‐DRB1*04:06 and HLA‐B*35:01‐MICA*Del‐MICB*009N‐DRB1*15:01, in addition to HLA‐B*48‐MICA*Del. Unexpectedly, two samples with MICA*Del in the HNH population were each consistently found to have two distinct MICA alleles, indicating the existence of two MICA gene copies on certain HLA haplotypes. Based on the results from a sizeable case‐control study, our data suggest that there is no association between MICA*Del and NPC in the southern Chinese Han population.     

Association of MICA polymorphism with HLA-B51 and disease severity in Korean patients with Behcet's disease

The HLA-B51 allele is known to be associated with Behcet's disease (BD) in many ethnic group. However, it has not yet been clarified whether the HLA-B51 gene itself is the pathogenic gene related to BD or whether it is some other gene in linkage disequlibrium with HLA-B51. Recently, the Triplet repeat (GCT/AGC) polymorphism in transmembrane region of the MHC class I chain-related A (MICA) gene was identified. To investigate the association of MICA with BD, we studied the MICA polymorphism in 108 Korean BD patients and 204 healthy controls in relation to the presence of HLA-B51 and clinical manifestations. The triplet repeat polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The phenotype frequency of the MICA*A6 allele (relative risk, RR=2.15, p=0.002) and HLA-B51(RR=1.87, p=0.022) were significantly increased in the Korean patients with BD. A strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the MICA*A6 and HLA-B51 in both the patients with BD and control subjects. Stratification analysis showed that MICA*A6 homozygosity was strongly associated with BD in the HLA-B51-negative population, and HLA-B51 was also associated with MICA*A6-negative population. In conclusion, MICA*A6 rather than HLA-B51 was strongly associated with Korean patients with BD, and the MICA*A6 allele is a useful susceptibility marker of BD, especially in the HLA-B5-negative     

Characterization of HLA‐F polymorphism in four distinct populations in Mainland China

Currently, there is a lack of information on polymorphism of human leucocyte antigen‐F (HLA‐F) gene in ethnically diverse human populations. In this study, HLA‐F allelic typing was performed for 690 individuals representing two southern Chinese Han populations (Hunan Han and Guangdong Han) and two northern Chinese populations (Inner Mongolia Han and Inner Mongolia Mongol), using polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific priming (PCR‐SSP) and PCR‐sequencing methods. Our results showed that (i) HLA‐F*01 : 01 predominated in each population with a frequency >0.94 and HLA‐F*01 : 03 was relatively more common in the two northern Chinese populations with a frequency of approximately 0.05; (ii) both geographical and ethnical factors are related to HLA‐F allelic distribution, as evidenced by the significant difference in HLA‐F allelic distribution between the Hunan Han population and the two northern Chinese populations; (iii) significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed for haplotype HLA‐A*03‐F*01 : 03 in three populations. In most cases, this haplotype extended to HLA‐E*01 : 03; and (iv) Ewens–Watterson homozygosity statistic at the HLA‐F locus did not depart significantly from expectation in each of the four populations. Our data revealed a low level of HLA‐F allelic variation in Chinese populations, suggesting that HLA‐F gene may have existed before some of the HLA‐A polymorphism and have been evolving under neutrality.