囊性肾癌的诊治体会

目的提高囊性肾癌的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析我院2002～2011年间诊治的11例囊性肾癌患者临床资料,分析其影像学特点、病理检查结果及预后情况。结果 11例患者中10例行肾癌根治术,1例行肾部分切除术。囊腔直径2.8～8.5cm。2例术中行冰冻病理:肾透明细胞癌2例,术后病理诊断:肾透明细胞癌9例,颗粒细胞癌2例。病理学分型:5例为单房囊性肾癌,2例为多房囊性肾癌,肾囊肿恶变型2例,肾癌囊性坏死2例。11例均获随访,随访时间3-60个月,平均28.6个月,无瘤存活10例,1例因其他原因死亡。结论囊性肾癌诊断较为困难,应结合术前影像学检查、术中冷冻切片以及术后病理检查结果确诊,以免漏诊,囊性肾癌同肾癌一样采用肾癌根治术或肾部分切除术治疗,效果满意,预后佳。     

囊性肾癌5例诊治体会

目的探讨囊性。肾癌（RCC）的诊断与治疗。方法复习文献对例5囊性肾癌的临床、超声及CT的特点以及手术方式和预后进行回顾性分析。结果术前超声诊断囊性肾癌2例;CT诊断囊性肾癌3例,2例诊断肾囊肿,肿瘤不能除外。术后病理回报均为透明细胞癌。5例均行根治性肾切除术。随访1～5年无复发。结论熟悉囊性肾癌的影像学特点是提高囊性肾癌诊断率的关键。     

囊性肾癌的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨囊性肾癌的诊断与治疗,以提高对该病的认识及诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析2004年12月至2011年12月本院收诊的13例囊性肾癌病例的临床特点、影像学表现、手术治疗方式的选择、病理特点以及随访的情况.结果 术前影像学检查提示囊肿相关肾占位性病变9例,单纯性囊肿4例,13例中行根治性肾切除术10例,3例因病变直径小于4 cm而行肾部分切除术,13例均获随诊,存活时间3～8年,平均5.5年.结论 囊性肾癌有其独特的临床、影像学及病例学特征,对不符合典型单纯性肾囊肿病变应考虑存在囊性肾癌的可能.     

囊性肾癌的影像学特征及4例诊治体会

1995年6月～2001年8月,我院收治囊性肾癌4例,通过对其CT等影像学特征的分析,报道如下:1 临床资料 4例患者均为男性,年龄37～67岁,平均58.6岁,其中左肾1例,右肾3例,肿瘤直径3.5cm～7.1cm;临床表现为无痛性全程肉眼血尿2例,腰部胀痛不适1例,1例无任何不适症     

11例囊性肾癌的诊治分析

我院10年来收治经病理确诊的囊性肾肿瘤患者11例,现将治疗结果报道如下。1 资料与方法1．1 一般资料：本组11例,男7例,女4例,年龄39～68岁。B超检查偶然发现7例,腰酸胀4例,10例无明显阳性体征,     

囊性肾癌32例超声声像特征体会

回顾分析32例经手术和病理证实囊性肾癌患者的超声检查结果,根据病理可将声像图分为3型：单房囊肿型、多房囊肿型和囊实型,表现为囊肿型的囊性肾癌误诊率较高,故超声诊断单纯肾囊肿应慎重,以减少误诊率。     

囊性肾癌12例分析

目的:提高对囊性肾细胞癌的认识。方法:对12例囊性肾细胞癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。术前诊断囊性肾癌9例,单纯性肾囊肿1例,复杂性肾囊肿2例;其中9例行根治性肾切除术,3例行肾部分切除术。结果:术后病理结果均为囊性肾透明细胞癌。其中肾癌囊性坏死1例,多房囊性肾癌7例,单纯型囊肿恶病变1例,单房性囊性肾癌3例。随访12例,11例术后生存至今,1例术后6个月死于脑血管意外。结论:囊性肾癌是肾癌的一种特殊类型,诊断主要靠影像学检查,术前鉴别非常困难。对于诊断不清的病例,尤其对于Bosniak分级在Ⅲ级或以上者,行术中冰冻病理检查或采用保留肾组织的手术治疗,可使患者获益。     

囊性肾癌的诊治分析

1995年1月-2003年12月，我院共收治囊性肾癌患者15例，现将其临床特点和治疗情况报告如下。     

CT诊断囊性肾癌

目的 分析囊性肾癌的螺旋CT表现,提高其术前正确诊断率。方法 分析经手术病理证实的8例囊性肾癌的螺旋CT表现。结果 左肾肿瘤5例,右肾肿瘤3例。单囊6例,多囊2例。囊壁及房间隔不规则增厚6例,伴有囊壁结节2例,囊内见片状悬浮物3例。8例囊性肿瘤中实性成分、不规则增厚之囊壁或房间隔及壁结节增强后均有中高度以上强化,以肾皮质期为显著,实质期强化程度减弱。结论 囊性肾癌的螺旋CT表现有一定特征性,螺旋CT是诊断囊性肾癌有价值的常用检查方法。     

囊性肾癌的CT和MRI表现

目的回顾性分析囊性肾癌的CT和MRI表现,进一步提高正确诊断率。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的13例性肾癌的CT表现和其中8例病例的MRI表现。结果囊性肾癌13例,囊壁不规则增厚11例,间隔不规则增厚11例,囊壁结节5例,钙化2例,增强扫描实性部分高度增强8例,中度增强5例,轻度增强3例。结论囊性肾癌的CT和MR表现有一定特征,表现典型者可做出诊断。     

囊性肾癌的诊断与治疗

目的:观察如何提高囊性肾癌(cystic renal cell carcinoma,CRCC)的诊断.方法:回顾性分析我院10例CRCC患者的临床资料.结果:10例均为透明细胞癌.术后随访至今,无肿瘤复发和转移.结论:CRCC诊断以B超及CT为主,凡发现肾囊性占位者,均不能排除CRCC可能,需积极随访.囊性肾癌预后较好.     

囊性肾细胞癌18例诊治分析

目的提高囊性肾细胞癌的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2004年2月至2011年5月收治的18例囊性肾细胞癌患者临床资料,包括临床特点、影像学表现、术式选择、病理结果和随访情况。结果行根治性肾切除11例,保留肾单位肾切除7例,术后病理报告均为囊性透明细胞癌。所有患者术后恢复平稳,随访2～87(平均36)个月均无瘤生存,未发现淋巴结及远处转移。结论囊性透明细胞癌是肾细胞癌的一种少见亚型,恰当的外科治疗后预后好。鉴于其相对低度恶性的生物学行为表现,推荐行保留肾单位肾部分切除术治疗。     

Altretamine for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A Hoosier Oncology Group trial

Summary Thirty patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma weretreated on a phase 11 trial with altretamine. Altretamine wasadministered orally at a dosage of 260 mg/m² days 1 through14 with cycles repeated every 28 days. Nausea and vomitingwere the most common toxicities. Ten percent (3 of 30)experienced Grade 3 gait abnormalities. None of the thirtyevaluable patients achieved a complete or partial response. Insummary, altretamine did not show antitumor activity in thetreatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.     

Cabozantinib for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma

Introduction: Agents that target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as well as the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab are standard therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Recently, cabozantinib, an inhibitor of MET, VEGF receptors, and AXL, was approved by the FDA and European Commission based on improved progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) compared to standard of care treatment with everolimus in a randomized phase 3 trial in advanced RCC after prior VEGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

Areas covered:The preclinical development and scientific rationale, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy and safety of cabozantinib for the treatment of advanced RCC are reviewed. The use of cabozantinib in clinical practice with the growing number of available treatments for advanced RCC is discussed.

Expert opinion: Cabozantinib is the only therapy for advanced RCC that has improved PFS, ORR, and OS in a pivotal phase 3 trial after prior antiangiogenic therapy. While no clinical trials have been published comparing cabozantinib with another TKI, available clinical data suggest it could be the most efficacious TKI for second-line therapy. Preliminary encouraging results have also been reported in a phase 2 trial in untreated poor- and intermediate- risk patients with RCC, indicating that treatment with cabozantinib may also be beneficial in the first-line setting.     

囊性肾癌的诊断和治疗

目的探讨囊性肾细胞癌的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2005年5月至2010年5月淮安市第二人民医院收治的30例肾癌中存在囊性成分病例的临床特点、影像学表现、手术治疗方式的选择、病理特点以及随访的情况。结果本组30例患者均获随访,随访时间为1～12年,其中28例定期复查未见肿瘤复发及转移。死亡2例,分别于术后第67,年死于癌肿复发转移。结论囊性肾癌是一种少见的临床病理亚型,手术切除特别是保留肾单位手术能有效地治疗囊性肾癌,临床预后很好。     

Phase II trial of echinomycin for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma

Summary Forty-nine patients with metastatic or recurrent renal cell carcinoma were treated on a phase II trial of Echinomycin. Treatment consisted of Echinomycin 1.25 mg/m² intravenously every 28 days. Among the 47 evaluable patients there were no complete responses and only one partial response for an overall response rate of 2% (95% confidence interval, 0–11%). Eighteen patients (38%) experienced toxicity of grade 3 or worse. The most common toxicities were nausea and vomiting. The results of this study indicate that Echinomycin is not sufficiently active to warrant further trials for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.     

Sunitinib malate for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma

Introduction: Over the past decade, a greater understanding into the molecular pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has led to major advances in treatment options. Sunitinib is an oral, small-molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets a number of receptors, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR). Sunitinib was one of the first targeted agents studied in metastatic RCC (mRCC) and is currently used worldwide in the management of mRCC.

Areas covered: This drug evaluation addresses the preclinical and clinical development of sunitinib. It provides an in-depth discussion of the Phase II data that led to its approval in mRCC and the subsequent Phase III clinical trial comparing sunitinib to interferon-α. More recent data from the large international expanded access trial, in non-clear cell carcinoma patients, different dosing schedule studies and safety issues are also discussed. Finally, areas for the future use of sunitinib, including in the adjuvant setting, are reviewed.

Expert opinion: Since the FDA approved sunitinib for advanced RCC in January 2006, much more has been learned about its efficacy and tolerability. Over the past decade of its clinical use, it has become clear that expertise is required when prescribing sunitinib, in terms of maximizing dose, anticipating and managing side effects, and assessing responses. In the future, a better understanding of sunitinib's role compared with other VEGF TKIs and mTOR inhibitors, and in other roles such as the adjuvant setting or in non-clear cell pathology, will become evident.