甘孜州藏族中老年人结膜囊细菌状况调查

目的了解藏族中老年人结膜囊细菌状况。方法对甘孜州两个藏族聚居点的中老年人群145例290眼刮取下睑结膜囊分泌物,接种于血平板,培养48h后进行细菌分离鉴定。结果 290眼中结膜囊细菌培养阳性147眼,培养阳性率50.74%。培养出菌株164株。其中表皮葡萄球菌77株（47.0%）。棒状杆菌46株（28.0%）。结论多数藏族老年人结膜囊存在细菌;表皮葡萄球菌、棒状杆菌是藏族中老年人结膜囊的优势菌种。     

绵阳市中老年人结膜囊细菌状况调查分析

目的了解绵阳市中老年人结膜囊细菌状况。方法对绵阳市郊区两个聚居点的中老年人群160例320眼刮取下睑结膜囊分泌物,接种于血平板,培养48-72h后进行细菌分离鉴定。结果 320眼中结膜囊细菌培养阳性212眼,培养阳性率66.3%。培养出菌株238株;革兰阳性菌占94.1%;以棒状杆菌最多,共144株（60.5%）;表皮葡萄球菌53株（22.3%）。结论多数绵阳市汉族中老年人结膜囊带菌,以革兰阳性菌为主,棒状杆菌及表皮葡萄球菌为其结膜囊的优势菌种,尤以棒状杆菌为多。     

正常结膜囊带菌情况分析

目的:调查不同人群正常结膜囊带菌情况及其对常用抗生素的敏感情况.方法:对未使用任何滴眼液和抗生素的200名受调查者,常规眼科检查排除泪囊、眼表、前节疾病后,进行结膜囊细菌培养和药物敏感试验.结果:在全部受调查者中,细菌培养阳性率为43.00%,共培养出15个菌种103个菌株;葡萄球菌最多,共51株(占49.51%),其中表皮葡萄球菌47株(45.63%),金黄色葡萄球菌2株(1.94%);类白喉杆菌次之,共40株(38.83%).>55岁人群结膜囊带菌率明显高于≤55岁人群,农村人群高于城市人群,均差异显著(P<0.05).药物敏感试验显示大部分菌株对目前常用抗生素耐药.结论:正常结膜囊可以带有细菌.内眼手术前应选用敏感抗生素以预防术后感染的发生.     

老年人院内感染性肺炎的临床特征及细菌分类研究

目的:观察老年人院内感染性肺炎的临床特征及细菌分类情况。方法:选择发生院内感染性肺炎的老年患者68例纳入老年组,选择同期接受治疗且发生院内感染性肺炎的中年患者68例纳入中年组,比较两组患者静脉血细菌培养、痰液情况、胸部体征、胸部X线等指标。结果:老年组患者的发热、咳嗽咯痰、湿啰音、WBC升高及肺炎克雷伯杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌+肺炎克雷伯杆菌等细菌检出率均高于中年组,差异显著(P<0.05),而肺炎球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌检出率均低于中年组,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:老年人院内感染性肺炎的临床特征和细菌分类与中年人存在明显差异。     

吉林市正常老年人群结膜囊细菌分布及术前用药的研究

目的 对吉林市正常老年人群结膜囊细菌分布进行研究,通过4种常用药物的结膜囊处理结果得出适合吉林市老年人术前使用的药物.方法 对608位正常老年人结膜囊分泌物进行细菌培养.选择培养阳性的200人分组,使用4种药物进行每日6次点眼,连续3 d后再次培养.结果 首次培养阳性率为38.98%.发现阳性细菌11种,葡萄球菌为主要细菌,其中表皮葡萄球菌占优势为56.96%.4种药物处理后再次培养,细菌数量均减少.结论 术前应用抗生素眼药水可以明显减少结膜囊内细菌数量,左氧氟沙星效果最好.     

100例老年人尿NAG、尿沉渣定量检测结果分析

通过对老年人进行尿NAG和沉渣定量检测,经统计分析老年人尿NAG与对照成年组、儿童组比较(P<0.05),有显著意义,尿NAG属于细胞内溶酶体酶,主要来源于肾,特别是肾单位、近曲小管上皮细胞是一种灵敏的肾小管标志物,认为NAG活性增高与年龄增大,肾单位数减少,机能减退有一定的相关性.男性老年组尿沉渣红细胞、白细胞计数与对照成青年组、儿童组比较(P>0.05);女性老年组尿沉渣红细胞、白细胞与对照青年组、儿童组比较(P>0.05)均无显著意义.尿沉渣离心浓缩后滴入血细胞池内计数,再换算成每升的数量使其量化,建立老年人尿沉渣血细胞及NAG正常参考范围对泌尿系疾病的诊断及疗效监测有一定的实际意义.     

非白喉棒状杆菌性眼内炎1例并文献复习

目的探讨非白喉棒状杆菌性眼内炎的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1例非白喉棒状杆菌性眼内炎的临床资料并进行文献复习。结果患者表现为轻度畏光、流泪等低毒性细菌感染症状,伴显著的前房和玻璃体积脓,经玻璃体切割术联合玻璃体腔万古霉素注射后治愈。细菌培养为革兰阳性棒状杆菌,药敏试验对万古霉素、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类敏感。结论非白喉棒状杆菌性眼内炎具有相对低毒性细菌感染症状和严重葡萄膜和玻璃体炎症的特点,主张早期作细菌培养和药敏试验,如炎症不能控制应及时行玻璃体切割术。内眼手术术前结膜囊的无菌化要求是预防非白喉棒状杆菌眼内炎的关键。     

60例成人慢性鼻窦炎需氧菌初步研究

目的 研究成年慢性鼻窦炎患者窦口鼻道复合体作为一个整体的需氧菌情况。方法 选择40例成年患者分为S(I型组)与P(Ⅱ型组)，同时设正常对照组20例，采集不同部位标本，进行需氧菌分离培养及药物敏感试验，比较阳性率、3个部位相同率、主要细菌等3个指标。结果 对照组20例阳性率低，在40例120个部位中共检出细菌50例，分别归9属13种，主要为表皮葡萄球菌、类白喉棒状杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌、产气肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等。上述指标的比较两型间均无明显差别，但3个部位则多不相同。大多对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、氨基甙类(庆大霉素)敏感，其中表皮葡萄球菌多数为耐甲氧西林菌株。结论 探讨了需氧菌在慢性鼻窦炎中的地位；从需氧菌角度，病变时的窦口鼻道复合体各部位之间存在一种割裂和彼此独立的状态；并对抗生素应用进行了分析。     

白内障超声乳化术前结膜囊细菌种类及药物敏感性

目的观察白内障超声乳化术前患者结膜囊细菌种类及药物敏感性。方法对白内障超声乳化术前398例398眼结膜囊取材进行细菌培养,并观察培养阳性的细菌对临床常见抗生素的药物敏感性。结果细菌培养阳性113眼,阳性率为28.4%。白内障患者术前结膜囊细菌主要由革兰阳性(G )菌构成(92.9%),其中G 球菌占87.6%,G 杆菌占5.3%。而革兰阴性(G-)杆菌占7.1%。G 球菌以表皮葡萄球菌为主(72.6%),其次微球菌占7.1%,金黄色葡萄球菌占6.2%。大多数菌株对氧氟沙星、妥布霉素、万古霉素、利福平及左氧氟沙星敏感性较好,耐药性<10%。结论表皮葡萄球菌是超声乳化术前患者结膜囊存在的最常见菌。术前预防性抗生素使用可选氧氟沙星、妥布霉素、利福平及左氧氟沙星。     

彝族中老年人干眼症与正常眼结膜囊细菌状况对照研究

目的 比较彝族中老年人干眼症与正常人眼结膜囊细菌状况.方法 筛查出九龙县两个彝族聚居点的老年人群中干眼症70人140眼,刮取下睑结膜囊分泌物进行细菌培养分离鉴定.以同一人群中正常人66人132眼作为对照组进行分析对比.结果 干眼症组结膜囊细菌阳性率72.1％(101/140),正常组阳性率67.4％(89/132),差异无统计学意义(P=0.397).两组间不同性别之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干眼症95.2％(98/103)为革兰阳性菌,正常人群91.1％(82/90)为革兰阳性菌;优势菌种均为表皮葡萄球菌和棒状杆菌,其构成比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);干眼症组与正常组中单菌与多菌共存构成比、菌种平均数差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 彝族老年人干眼症与正常人结膜囊细菌阳性率差别不明显;两组结膜囊细菌以革兰阳性菌为主;优势细菌种属及其构成比相似,均为结膜囊正常菌群.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.