18F-FDG PET对老年人大肠癌分期、术后再分期临床诊断的价值

目的:评价18F-FDG PET对老年人大肠癌分期、术后再分期的临床价值。方法:36例经肠镜检查初步诊断为结、直肠癌的老年患者行全身18F-FDG PET检查,并在2周内完成手术及病理诊断。结果:36例病理证实为结、直肠癌,34例局部18F-FDG摄取增高,SUVmax6.931,(最大Standard Uptake Value);18F-FDGPET对肿瘤原发灶诊断准确率94.4%(34/36);局部淋巴结转移的检出率为66.7%(16/24);治疗方案改变36.1%(13/36)。随访50例老年结、直肠癌患者,26例PET阳性并证实发现局部和/或多发转移;24例PET显示阴性,其中6例随访2年后复发,阴性预测率75%。结论:18F-FDG PET显像对老年人大肠癌的分期、术后再分期诊断有较高的临床价值。     

超声内镜检查对直肠癌术前分期及术后局部复发诊断价值的探讨

目的:探讨超声内镜(EUS)在直肠癌术前TNM分期及术后局部复发的诊断价值.方法:对112例手术切除的直肠癌患者术前行超声内镜检查,术前分期与术后病理对照,以评价EUS对直肠癌术前分期的准确性;对20例直肠癌术后保肛患者进行2年的严密随访.对术后患者随访内容:EUS、肠镜、盆腔CT、大便潜血实验和CEA监测.结果:EUS对直肠癌T分期诊断总的准确率为83.9%,周围淋巴结转移诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为57.5%和64.3%;术后随访5例患者发现局部复发,EUS检查结果均支持复发诊断.结论:EUS术前评价直肠癌临床分期具有一定的优越性,尤其对直肠癌侵犯深度的判断有较高的准确率;对直肠癌术后局部复发的早期发现EUS是一个十分有价值的检查手段.     

Dukes'B期大肠癌淋巴结微转移的免疫组化检测及其意义

目的探讨大肠癌淋巴结微转移免疫组化检出率及淋巴结微转移与临床预后的关系.方法应用抗细胞角蛋白(CK)和癌胚抗原(CEA)单克隆抗体,对26例大肠癌(Dubes'B)根治术后经病理常规检查为转移阴性的60枚淋巴结进行免疫组化(SP法)检测,结合随访资料进行临床预后分析.结果26例转移阴性的60枚淋巴结中,8例(30.8%,8/26)8枚(13.3%,8/60)淋巴结中发现微小转移的癌细胞,其中6例5年内因局部复发和远处转移死亡.18例免疫组化检测阴性的患者仅5例复发死亡.免疫组化诊断微转移阳性和阴性组5年生存率分别是25.0%(2/8)和72.2%(13/18).两组病人差异非常显著(P＜0.05).结论应用肿瘤特异性抗体检测常规病理检查阴性的淋巴结有助于发现微小转移的癌细胞,对估计临床预后,指导治疗有重要意义.     

超声内镜检查在食管癌术前临床分期的应用价值

背景与目的:食管癌术前临床分期对选择合理治疗方案至关重要,超声内镜(endoscopicultrasonography,EUS)对食管癌T、N分期诊断准确率高,目前已成为国外食管癌治疗前的常规诊断方法。本研究对食管癌超声内镜检查与手术病理结果进行对照研究,以评价其在食管癌术前临床分期中应用价值。方法:对72例食管癌患者行术前EUS检查及术后病理检查,按UICC(1997)TNM分期标准分期,将EUS分期结果和手术病理分期结果进行对照研究。结果:食管癌术前EUS检查T、N分期的诊断准确率分别为80.6%(58/72)、88.9%(64/72)。T0期诊断准确率为50.0%(2/4),T1期为75.0%(3/4),T2期为70.6%(12/17),T3期为90.0%(36/40),T4期为71.4%(5/7);N0期诊断准确率为92.3%(36/39),N1期为84.8%(28/33),其中纵隔淋巴结和腹部淋巴结诊断准确率分别为90.0%和64.5%。EUST分期、N分期结果与病理分期结果有显著相关性(r=0.687,P<0.001;r=0.776,P<0.001)。EUS检查判断分期不准确的22例中,T分期14例,其中8例难以鉴别T2、T3;N分期8例,其中5例为难以鉴别炎性淋巴结和转移淋巴结。结论:EUS对食管癌术前T、N分期诊断准确率较高,其中对T3期食管癌和纵隔淋巴结诊断价值尤其高;准确鉴别T2和T3分期、转移淋巴结和炎性淋巴结及正确诊断腹部淋巴结转移是提高EUS诊断率的重点和难点。     

EBUS-TBNA和纵隔镜检查术在纵隔淋巴结诊断与分期中的对照研究

以影像学纵隔淋巴结异常的患者为研究对象,比较EBUS-TBNA和纵隔镜检查术诊断纵隔淋巴结转移和肺癌纵隔分期的价值。方法:对纵隔淋巴结异常的患者先行EBUS-TBNA,不管EBUS-TBNA的结果如何,再行纵隔镜检查术。以病理结果或临床随访为标准,比较两者在诊断纵隔淋巴结转移和肺癌纵隔分期中的价值。结果:2009年12月至2011年4月期间,共33例患者纳入分析,其中23例最后确诊为肺癌,10例为良性病变;EBUS-TBNA和纵隔镜检查术对肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期的敏感性、特异性和准确率相同,分别为90.0%、100%和91.3%;诊断肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异度和准确率分别为88.5%、100%、91.4%和80.8%、100%、85.7%,差异无统计学意义;3例开胸术的患者未发现新的纵隔淋巴结转移;EBUS-TBNA检出90%（18/20）的阳性患者,但其中仅5例诊断出癌细胞或非小细胞肺癌;5组纵隔镜检查术假阴性的淋巴结有2组位于隆突下淋巴结。结论:EBUS-TBNA在肺癌纵隔分期和纵隔淋巴结转移诊断中的价值与纵隔镜检查术相似,两者具有互补性。对EBUS-TBNA阴性或者病理不能具体分型的患者,需再行纵隔镜检查术。      

PET/CT显像在妇科恶性肿瘤术后复发及转移中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨正电子发射断层显像(PET/CT)在诊断妇科恶性肿瘤术后复发与转移中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年12月,在我中心行PET/CT检查的56例妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者的全身PET/CT的显像结果,确诊依据为术后病理结果、血糖类抗原125（CA125）持续升高水平和临床随诊结果,评价PET/CT对妇科恶性肿瘤术后复发、转移的诊断效能。结果:56例患者中,经病理结果、血CA125持续升高水平、临床随诊结果证实,肿瘤复发及转移者25例,没有复发、转移者26例,假阳性者3例,假阴性者2例,PET/CT显像在妇科恶性肿瘤术后复发及转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确率分别为92.6%（25/27）、89.7%（26/29）、91.1%（51/56）;转移灶分为阴道残端、全身淋巴结、远处器官转移,PET/CT显像对各转移灶的灵敏度及特异性分别为87.5%(7/8)和97.9%(47/48)、95.0%（19/20）和91.7%（33/36）、91.3%（21/23）和90.9%（30/33）;PET/CT显像发现全身多部位、多器官转移的6人,改变了临床分期及治疗方案。结论:PET/CT显像对妇科恶性肿瘤术后复发及转移的诊断,具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,对肿瘤术后复发及转移的临床分期及治疗方案的确定具有非常大的指导意义。     

大肠癌的CT分期与手术病理对照

目的：探讨大肠癌CT分期的价值与限度。方法：回顾性分析一组46例大肠癌48个病灶的术前CT资料，与手术及病理分期对照，观察大肠癌术前CT分期的敏感性，准确性。结果：46例大肠癌48个病灶中，33个局部肿瘤突破浆膜层(T4)，CT正确诊断31个，表现为肠壁外缘不光整伴线样影伸向周围脂肪组织或结节样突出或肠周脂肪密度增高。40例行根治性切除，其中20例病理证实淋巴结转移，17例转移淋巴结大小未超过1cm；CT检出转移淋巴结敏感性70％(14／20)，特异度85％(17／20)。本组CT T、N分期准确率分别为81．25％、77．50％，远处转移显示率高，肝4／4，腹膜6／7。结论：CT对大肠癌T4期的判断准确度高，肠旁侵犯范围显示佳，是发现大肠癌远处转移的有效手段，但对T1-3期及N分期有一定限度。     

18F-FDGPET/CT对肝外胆管细胞癌术前诊断及分期的应用价值

目的 探讨18氟-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射电子计算机断层扫描术(18F-FDGPET/CT)对肝外胆管细胞癌(EHCC)术前诊断及分期的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析96例疑为EHCC患者的临床资料。96例患者均采用18F-FDGPET/CT检查。统计病理学检查结果，计算18F-FDGPET/CT诊断EHCC结果，以及18F-FDGPET/CT诊断区域淋巴结转移及远处转移结果。结果 96例疑为EHCC患者经病理学检查证实良性21例，恶性75例；18F-FDGPET/CT诊断EHCC敏感度为74.67%,特异度为80.95%,准确率为76.04%,诊断EHCC结果与病理结果一致性较为理想(Kappa=0.442);75例EHCC患者中出现区域淋巴结转移28例，远处转移4例；18F-FDGPET/CT诊断区域淋巴结转移敏感度为60.71%,特异度为89.36%;准确率为78.67%,诊断区域淋巴结转结果与病理结果一致性较为理想(Kappa=0.523);18F-FDGPET/CT诊断远处转移敏感度为75.00%,特异度为94.37%;准确率为93.33%,诊断区域淋巴结转结果与病理结果一致性较为理...     

多层螺旋CT显像对结直肠癌术后再分期、区域淋巴结转移及疗效的评估价值

目的 研究多层螺旋CT显像对结直肠癌术后再分期、区域淋巴结转移及疗效的评估价值。方法 选取行多层螺旋CT检查的结直肠癌术后患者65例,收集患者入院时及术后CT检查资料,对比术后再分期变化,观察区域淋巴结转移情况。随访2年,对比术后CT阳性和阴性患者的无进展生存时间(PFS)。结果 多层螺旋CT对术前Ⅰ/Ⅱ期的再分期改变率为9.26%(5/54),术前Ⅲ期的再分期改变率为36.4%(4/11);对升结肠的再分期改变率为14.3%(1/7),对乙状结肠的再分期改变率为14.3%(4/28),对直肠的再分期改变率为12.0%(3/25),对直乙交界的再分期改变率为20.0%(1/5)。CT对结直肠癌N分期的符合率为76.9%(50/65),Kappa值为0.79,对N期诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为84.62%、71.79%和84.62%。CT诊断结直肠癌M分期的符合率为89.2%(58/65),Kappa值为0.75,对M期诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为89.13%、89.47%和89.23%。随访2年,CT诊断为阳性的患者中位PFS显著短于阴性患者(16.5月vs 20.6月,P...     

SPECT/PET 的18FDG-PET 显像与MSCT融合对肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值

非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术前纵隔淋巴结分期是进行治疗选择的关键[1].文献报道正电子发射断层显像术显像(PET)对淋巴结转移分期的诊断价值明显高于CT[2].本研究对66例NSCLC患者进行18FDG-PET显像,旨在研究SPECT/PET的18FDG-PET显像与异机多层螺旋CT图像融合对的淋巴结转移分期的临床诊断价值.     

The incremental effect of positron emission tomography on diagnostic accuracy in the initial staging of esophageal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to assess whether [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) provides incremental value (e.g., additional information on lymph node involvement or the presence of distant metastases) compared with computed tomography (CT) in patients with esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: The authors examined 149 consecutive patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Eighty-one patients underwent radical esophagectomy without pretreatment, 17 received chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery, 3 underwent endoscopic mucosal resection, and the remaining 48 patients received definitive radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET and CT was evaluated at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: The primary tumor was visualized using FDG-PET in 119 (80%) of 149 patients. Regarding lymph node metastases, FDG-PET had 32% sensitivity, 99% specificity, and 93% accuracy for individual lymph node group evaluation and 55% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 72% accuracy for lymph node staging evaluation. PET exhibited incremental value over CT with regard to lymph node status in 14 of 98 patients who received surgery: 6 patients with negative CT findings were eventually shown to have lymph node metastases (i.e., they had positive PET findings and a positive reference standard [RS]); 6 patients with positive CT findings were shown not to have lymph node metastases (i.e., they had negative PET findings and a negative RS); and 2 patients were shown to have cervical lymph node metastases in addition to mediastinal or abdominal lymph node metastases. Among the remaining patients, PET showed incremental value over CT with regard to distant organ metastases in six patients. The overall incremental value of PET compared with CT with regard to staging accuracy was 14% (20 of 149 patients). CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET provided incremental value over CT in the initial staging of esophageal carcinoma. At present, combined PET-CT may be the most effective method available for the preoperative staging of esophageal tumors.     

Value of positron emission tomography with [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with colorectal liver metastases: a prospective study.

PURPOSE: To assess prospectively the value of fluor-18-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), in addition to conventional diagnostic methods (CDM), as a staging modality in candidates for resection of colorectal liver metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 51 patients analyzed for resection of colorectal liver metastases, clinical management decisions were recorded after a complete work-up with CDM. Afterward, FDG-PET scans were performed and any change of clinical management according to FDG-PET results was carefully documented. Discordances between FDG-PET and CDM results were identified and related to the final diagnosis by histopathology, intraoperative findings, and follow-up. RESULTS: In 10 (20%) out of 51 patients, clinical management decisions based on CDM were changed after FDG-PET findings were known. FDG-PET detected unresectable pulmonary (n = 5) and hepatic metastases (n = 1) and ruled out extrahepatic (n = 2) and hepatic disease (n = 2). Due to FDG-PET, eight patients were spared unwarranted liver resection or laparotomy and two other patients were identified as candidates for liver resection. When the results of FDG-PET were regarded as decisive in a retrospective analysis, potential change of management was 29% (15 patients). FDG-PET and CDM showed discordant extrahepatic results in 11 patients (22%) and discordant hepatic results in eight patients (16%). Compared with CDM, FDG-PET resulted in true upstaging (n = 11), true downstaging (n = 5), false upstaging (n = 1), and false downstaging (n = 2). The detection rate of liver metastases on a lesion basis was generally better for computed tomography than for FDG-PET (80% v 65%); this was related to tumor size. CONCLUSION: FDG-PET as a complementary staging method improves the therapeutic management of patients with colorectal liver metastases, especially by detecting unsuspected extrahepatic disease.     

FDG-PET lymph node staging and survival of patients with FIGO stage IIIb cervical carcinoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) clinical Stage IIIb cervical carcinoma as a function of site of initial regional lymph node metastasis as detected by 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-seven patients with FIGO Stage IIIb cervical cancer were evaluated before therapy with whole-body FDG-PET. Most patients were treated with external beam irradiation, intracavitary brachytherapy, and weekly cisplatin for six cycles. Overall and cause-specific survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The pretreatment whole-body FDG-PET demonstrated that all patients had FDG uptake in the cervix. Of 47 patients, 13 (28%) had no evidence of lymph node metastasis, 20 (43%) had metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes only, 7 (15%) had pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases, and 7 (15%) had metastases to pelvic, para-aortic, and supraclavicular lymph nodes. The 3-year estimate of cause-specific survival was 73% for those with no lymph node metastasis, 58% for those with only pelvic lymph node metastasis, 29% for those with pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases, and 0% for those with pelvic, para-aortic, and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSION: The cause-specific survival for patients with FIGO Stage IIIb carcinoma is highly dependent on the extent of lymph node metastasis as demonstrated by whole-body FDG-PET.     

A comparative study on the value of FDG-PET and sentinel node biopsy to identify occult axillary metastases.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has become a standard treatment in staging axillary lymph nodes in early breast cancer. SNB, however, is an invasive procedure and is time-consuming when the sentinel node is analysed intra-operatively. Breast cancer is frequently characterised by increased 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake and many studies have shown encouraging results in detecting axillary lymph node metastases. The aim of this study was to compare SNB and -positron emission tomography (-PET) imaging, to assess their values in detecting occult axillary metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 236 patients with breast cancer and clinically negative axilla were enrolled in the study. 18-FDG-PET was carried out before surgery, using a positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography scanner. In all patients, SNB was carried out after identification through lymphoscintigraphy. Patients underwent axillary lymph nodes dissection (ALND) in cases of positive FDG-PET or positive SNB. The results of PET scan were compared with histopathology of SNB and ALND. RESULTS: In all, 103 out of the 236 patients (44%) had metastases in axillary nodes. Sensitivity of FDG-PET scan for detection of axillary lymph node metastases in this series was low (37%); however, specificity and positive predictive values were acceptable (96% and 88%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The high specificity of PET imaging indicates that patients who have a PET-positive axilla should have an ALND rather than an SNB for axillary staging. In contrast, FDG-PET showed poor sensitivity in the detection of axillary metastases, confirming the need for SNB in cases where PET is negative in the axilla.     

Endobronchial ultrasound and value of PET for prediction of pathological results of mediastinal hot spots in lung cancer patients

SUMMARY: In the staging of lung cancer with positron emission tomography (PET) positive mediastinal lymph nodes, tissue sampling is required. The performance of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) using linear endobronchial ultrasound (real-time EBUS-TBNA) under local anaesthesia and the value of PET for prediction of pathological results were assessed in that setting. The number of eluded surgical procedures was evaluated. All consecutive patients with suspected/proven lung cancers and FDG-PET positive mediastinal adenopathy were included. If no diagnosis was reached, further surgical sampling was required. Lymph node SUVmax (maximum standardized uptake value) was assessed in patients whose PET was performed in the leading centre. One hundred and six patients were included. The average number of TBNA samples per patient was 4.9+/-1.1. The prevalence of lymph node metastasis was 58%. Sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA in the staging of mediastinal hot spots were 95, 97 and 91%. Patients without malignant lymph node involvement showed lower SUVmax (respective median values of 3.7 and 10.0; p<0.0001). Surgical procedures were eluded in 56% of the patients. Real-time EBUS-TBNA should be preferred over mediastinoscopy as the first step procedure in the staging of PET mediastinal hot spots in lung cancer patients. In case of negative EBUS, surgical staging procedure should be undertaken. The addition of SUVmax cut-off may allow further refinement but needs validation.     

核医学正电子断层显像在肾肿瘤患者术前诊断中的作用

目的探讨PET在肾肿瘤术前诊断中作用。方法回顾性分析134例肾肿瘤患者PET图像。134例肾肿瘤术前评估患者中,32例行常规氟-18脱氧葡萄糖(18F-fluorodeoxyglucose,18F-FDG)PET或PET/CT显像(以下简称FDG-PET),51例行FDG-PET双时相显像,51例1周内分别行FDG-PET及碳-11乙酸盐(11C-acetate,AC)PET或PET/CT(以下简称AC-PET)双核素检查。收集其临床资料和影像检查结果。以病理结果为金标准。结果 FDG-PET对肾原发恶性肿瘤总的诊断准确率为48.5%,阳性预测值为96.3%,对透明细胞癌诊断准确率最低,为28.6%。对肾盂癌及其他恶性肿瘤诊断准确率为92.9%和75.0%。AC-PET对透明细胞癌诊断准确率93.5%。FDG-PET双时相显像60.0%阳性病灶标准摄取值(standard uptake value,SUV)升高,2例阴性病灶变为阳性。20例PET检查前其他检查发现肾外病灶的患者,检查后排除4例,并新发现6例患者肾外转移病灶。结论 FDG-PET检查对肾盂癌及其他恶性肿瘤诊断准确性高,对肾实质肿瘤诊断能力差,对肾肿瘤患者术前分期有帮助。AC-PET可弥补FDG-PET的不足。FDG-PET双时相显像不能从根本上解决FDG-PET对肾肿瘤诊断假阴性的问题。     

Prospective study of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging of lymph node basins in melanoma patients undergoing sentinel node biopsy.

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of regional lymph node basins to sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I, II, and III melanoma localized to the skin. METHODS: Patients with cutaneous melanoma with Breslow's depth greater than 1 mm (AJCC T2-4N0M0) or localized regional cutaneous recurrence (TxN2bM0) underwent whole-body imaging of glucose metabolism with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET followed by SNB. PET scans were interpreted in a blinded fashion and compared with histologic analyses of SNB specimens and clinical follow-up examination. Nodal tumor volumes were estimated. RESULTS: Eighty-nine lymph node basins were evaluated by FDG-PET and SNB in 70 assessable patients. Eighteen patients (25.7%) had lymph node metastases at the time of FDG-PET imaging: 17 proved by SNB (24.3%) and one by follow-up examination (1.4%). Median tumor volume in positive sentinel node basins was 4.3 mm3 (range, 0.07 to 523 mm3). Sensitivity of SNB for detection of occult regional lymph node metastases was 94.4%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.6%. Sensitivity of FDG-PET was 16.7%, specificity was 95.8%, PPV was 50%, and NPV was 81.9%. At a median follow-up duration of 16.6 months, seven patients (10%) developed recurrent disease. PET predicted one recurrence (14.3%) in a node basin missed by SNB. CONCLUSION: FDG-PET is an insensitive indicator of occult regional lymph node metastases in patients with melanoma because of the minute tumor volumes in this population. FDG-PET does not have a primary role for staging regional nodes in patients with clinically localized melanoma.     

Detection of unsuspected distant metastases and/or regional nodes by FDG-PET [corrected] scan in apparent limited-disease small-cell lung cancer

We retrospectively investigated the clinical usefulness of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for evaluation of patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) diagnosed by conventional staging procedures. Sixty-three patients received whole body FDG-PET scans after routine initial staging procedures. The findings of FDG-PET scans suggesting extensive-stage disease were confirmed by other imaging tests or by the patient's clinical course. FDG-PET scan findings indicated distant metastases in 6 of 63 patients. Metastatic disease was confirmed in five of these six patients (8%, 95% confidence interval: 3-18%). FDG-PET scan also detected regional lymph node metastases even in nine patients (14%) in whom computed tomography images had been negative, including contralateral lymph node metastasis in three patients. FDG-PET scan detected additional lesions in patients diagnosed as having LD-SCLC by conventional staging procedures. The therapeutic strategies were changed in 8% of patients based on the results of FDG-PET. FDG-PET scan is recommended as an initial staging tool for patients with this disease.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对原发性乳腺癌诊断和淋巴结分期的临床价值

目的评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT对原发性乳腺癌诊断和淋巴结分期的临床价值。方法临床拟诊为乳腺癌的27例女性患者,手术前分别行乳腺钼靶X线和18F-FDG PET/CT检查。全部患者均行手术治疗,共切除32个病灶。23例患者接受了腋淋巴结廓清术,并行病理学诊断。结果32个病灶中,25个为乳腺癌病灶,7个为良性病变。18F-FDG PET/CT诊断的敏感度为80.0%,特异度为71.4%。T1期病灶8个,PET/CT诊断阳性6个;T2期病灶14个,PET/CT诊断阳性12个;T3期病灶2个,PET/CT均诊断阳性。对区域淋巴结转移,PET/CT诊断的敏感度为60.0%,特异度为84.6%,诊断准确度为73.9%。结论对于怀疑多中心乳癌、病期较晚、需要全面评价区域淋巴结状态或疑有远处转移的患者,PET/CT具有优势,对乳腺癌的分期有重要帮助,但尚不适宜于作为乳腺癌的常规检查。     

Inefficacy of F-18 fluorodeoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography scans for initial evaluation in early-stage cutaneous melanoma

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of initial F-18 fluorodeoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning for detection of occult lymph node and distant metastases in patients with early-stage cutaneous melanoma. METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective nonrandomized clinical trial. Inclusion criteria were patients with cutaneous melanoma tumors > 1.0 mm Breslow thickness, local disease recurrence, or solitary intransit metastases without regional lymph or distant metastases by standard clinical evaluation. All patients underwent whole-body FDG-PET scanning before surgical therapy. Abnormal PET findings were studied by targeted conventional imaging and/or biopsy. FDG-PET scans were interpreted in a blinded fashion. Regional lymph node basins were staged by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). PET scan findings in regional lymph nodes were compared with histology of SLNB specimens. Abnormal distant PET scan findings were studied with repeat conventional scan imaging at 3-6 months and were correlated with the first site(s) of clinical disease recurrence. Blinded PET scan findings were correlated with all information to determine sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: There were 144 assessable patients with a mean tumor depth of 2.8 mm. The median follow-up for these patients was 41.4 months. Blinded interpretations of FDG-PET scan images showed that 31 patients (21%) had signs of metastatic disease, 13 patients had probable regional lymph node metastases, and 18 patients had 23 sites of possible distant metastases. SLNB and/or follow-up demonstrated regional lymph node metastases in 43 of 184 lymph node basins in 40 patients (27.8%). Compared with all clinical information, FDG-PET scan sensitivity for detection of regional lymph node metastases was 0.21 (95% confidence [CI], 0.10-0.36) and specificity was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93-0.99). No distant sites were confirmed to be true positive by targeted conventional imaging/biopsy at the time of presentation. Thirty-four patients (23.6%) presented with 54 foci of metastatic disease at initial disease recurrence. FDG-PET scan sensitivity for prediction of the first site(s) of clinical disease recurrence was 0.11 (95% CI, 0.04-0.23). Excluding patients with brain metastases, FDG-PET scan sensitivity for detection of occult Stage IV disease in patients was 0.04 (95% CI, 0.001-0.20) and specificity was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET scanning did not impact the care of patients with early-stage melanoma already staged by standard techniques. Routine FDG-PET scanning was not recommended for the initial staging evaluation in this population.