谷胱甘肽拮抗锰致雄性大鼠生殖损伤的研究

目的:研究谷胱甘肽(GSH)对锰致雄性大鼠睾丸氧化损伤的拮抗作用。方法:将48只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组进行急性和亚急性染毒。染锰组腹腔注射30mg/kgMnCl2.4H2O染毒1周(急性染毒)和4周(亚急性染毒),GSH拮抗组染毒后再给予2周1mmol/kgGSH,对照组染毒后给予生理盐水。TUNEL法检测生精细胞凋亡;化学比色法检测睾丸丙二醛和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。结果:急性锰染毒时,染锰组生精细胞凋亡指数和睾丸丙二醛含量高于对照组和GSH拮抗组(P<0.01);各组间谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性无差异。亚急性锰染毒时,染锰组生精细胞凋亡指数和睾丸丙二醛含量高于对照组和GSH拮抗组(P<0.01),GSH拮抗组高于对照组(P<0.01);染锰组睾丸谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性低于对照组和GSH拮抗组(P<0.01)。结论:及时补充谷胱甘肽可通过抑制脂质过氧化作用而拮抗锰引起的雄性大鼠生精细胞凋亡。     

锰对大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究氯化锰对大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响,探讨锰诱发生精细胞凋亡的机制。方法24只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组。锰染毒组给MnCl2.4H2O(15 mg/kg,30 mg/kg)4周,对照组给予生理盐水,各组给药途径为腹腔注射,1次/d,5 d/周。应用原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记(TUNEL)技术检测睾丸生精细胞凋亡;免疫组化法检测生精细胞p53和Bcl-2蛋白的表达;化学比色法检测睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力。结果生精细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI)在锰染毒15 mg/kg组为(1.05±0.19)%,锰染毒30 mg/kg组为(1.80±0.21)%,均明显高于对照组(0.48±0.01)%(P<0.01);p53阳性细胞率在锰染毒15 mg/kg组为(9.83±1.15)%,锰染毒30 mg/kg组为(18.23±2.15)%,均明显高于对照组(3.72±0.35)%(P<0.01);锰染毒30 mg/kg组Bcl-2阳性细胞率(21.26±2.50)%明显低于对照组(52.46±3.57)%和锰染毒15 mg/kg组(51.34±3.87)%(P<0.01)。锰染毒组睾丸组织SOD、CAT及GSH-Px活力均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论锰诱导的p53高表达、Bcl-2低表达以及抗氧化能力的下降可能是大鼠生精细胞凋亡增加的重要原因之一。     

锰对大鼠睾丸SOD/(CAT+GSH-Px)和p53及Bcl-2表达的影响

[目的]研究锰对大鼠睾丸超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性和p53及Bcl-2表达的影响.[方法]将健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组.即空白对照组、15 mg/kg MnCl2组、30 mg/kg MnCl2组,各组给药途径均为腹腔注射,5 d/w,1次/d.大鼠于第6周末处死,取双侧睾丸.采用化学比色法检测睾丸组织SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性,采用免疫组化法检测p53和Bcl-2的表达.[结果]①与空白对照组比较,15mg/kg MnCl2组和30 mg/kg MnCh组睾丸SOD/(CAT GSH-Px)比值均下降,有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).(②与空白对照组比较,15 mg/Kg MnCl2组和30 mg/kg MnCl2组生精细胞p53阳性细胞率显著升高,有统计学意义(P<0.01);30 mg/kg MnCl2组与15 ms/ks MnCl2组比较,生精细胞p53阳性细胞率显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).③30 mg/kg MnCl2组生精细胞Bcl-2阳性细胞率显著低干其余各组,有统计学意义(P<0.01).[结论]①15 mg/kg MnCl2可诱发大鼠睾丸组织SOD/(CAT GSH-Px)比值降低和生精细胞p53选择性高表达.②30 ms/kg MnCl2,可诱发大鼠生精细胞Bcl-2选择性低表达.(③大鼠睾丸组织SOD/(CAT GSH-Px)比值下降、生精细胞p53选择性高表达和Bcl-2选择性低表达可能是促生精细胞凋亡的重要原因.     

锰对大鼠生精细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的影响

[目的]研究染锰大鼠睾丸生精细胞凋亡和caspase-3表达的变化。[方法]雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为6组:空白对照组,15mg/kg、30mg/kgMnCl2组。8只/组。15mg/kg、30mg/kgMnCl2组分别染锰(MnCl2·4H2O)4周和6周,空白对照组给予等容生理盐水(NS),给锰及生理盐水途径均为腹腔注射,5d/周,1次/d,大鼠分别于第4周末和第6周末处死,取睾丸和附睾作以下检测:①检测精子数量;②应用末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的dUTP切口末端标记技术(terminal deoxynucleotidy transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling,TUNEL)检测睾丸生精细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI);③免疫组组织化学链酶亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,SABC)法检测生精细胞caspase-3表达。[结果]①与空白对照组比较,各染锰组精子数量均显著降低(P﹤0.05),生精细胞AI均升高(P﹤0.05),caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P﹤0.05)。②染锰剂量相同,染锰6周组与染锰4周组比较,精子数量均显著降低,生精细胞AI与caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P﹤0.05)。③染锰时间相同,30mg/kgMnCl2组与15mg/kgMnCl2组比较,精子数量均显著降低(P﹤0.05),生精细胞AI和caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P﹤0.05)。④各组大鼠精子数量和生精细胞AI呈负相关(r=-0.700,P﹤0.05),和生精细胞caspase-3阳性细胞率呈负相关(r=-0.870,P﹤0.05),生精细胞AI和caspase-3阳性细胞率呈正相关(r=0.855,P﹤0.05)。[结论]过量锰诱发大鼠生精细胞caspase-3高表达,从而导致凋亡增加,精子数量减少,这可能是大鼠生精障碍的主要机制。     

谷胱甘肽对锰染毒大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究谷胱甘肽(GSH)对锰染毒大鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法将48只清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组,即空白对照组(生理盐水)、拮抗组(1 mmol/kg GSH)、低剂量染毒组(15 mg/kg MnCl2.4H2O)、高剂量染毒组(30mg/kgMnCl2.4H2O)、低剂量染毒拮抗组(15 mg/kgMnCl2.4H2O和1 mmol/kgGSH)和高剂量染毒拮抗组(30 mg/kg MnCl2.4H2O和1 mmol/kgGSH),每组8只。采用化学比色法检测血清和睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力,并对睾丸组织进行病理学检查。结果与空白对照组比较,高剂量染毒组血清和睾丸组织SOD、CAT及GSH-Px活力均下降(P<0.01);低剂量染毒组血清SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力和睾丸SOD活力均下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);高剂量染毒拮抗组血清和睾丸组织SOD和CAT活力明显下降(P<0.01)。与相同剂量的单纯锰染毒组比较,低剂量染毒拮抗组血清和睾丸组织SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均恢复至对照组水平;高剂量染毒拮抗组血清SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均明显上升(P<0.01),睾丸组织SOD和GSH-Px活力明显上升(P<0.01)。病理检查可见低剂量染毒组和高剂量染毒组睾丸生精小管呈现不同程度的变性,生精上皮变薄,管腔内精子较少或缺如。低剂量染毒拮抗组睾丸病理学的改变基本恢复正常;高剂量染毒拮抗组睾丸仍然可见变性的生精小管,管腔内精子较少见。结论GSH可拮抗锰染毒大鼠抗氧化能力的降低,对机体起一定的保护作用。     

锰对大鼠生精细胞凋亡及p53和Bcl-2表达的影响

目的 研究氯化锰对大鼠生精细胞凋亡及p53、Bcl-2表达的影响.方法 将24只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,即15和30 mg/kg染锰组和0 mg/kg(阴性对照)组,腹腔注射给药,每天1次,每周5 d,连续4周.停药2周后,称重并应用电镜和原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记法(TUNEL法)检测睾丸生精细胞凋亡;免疫组化S-P法检测生精细胞p53和B淋巴细胞瘤/白血病-2(B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2,Bcl-2)蛋白的表达.结果 电镜下各组大鼠可见生精细胞凋亡表现;15和30 mg/kg组生精细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI)和p53阳性细胞率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且30 mg/kg组高于15 mg/kg组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).30 mg/kg组Bcl-2阳性细胞率明显低于0和15 mg/kg组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 锰可诱导大鼠生精细胞凋亡,p53表达上调和Bcl-2表达下调可能是生精细胞凋亡增加的重要原因之一.     

染锰大鼠生精细胞Caspaes-3和Ki-67表达

目的 研究氯化锰对大鼠生精细胞半胱天冬酶(Caspase-3)和抗霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞核抗体(Ki-67)表达的影响及意义.方法 48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组:空白对照组,15和30 mg/kg MnCl2组,锰与生理盐水均为腹腔注射,1次/d,5 d/周,分别染锰4和6周.用免疫组化法检测睾丸生精细胞Caspase-3与Ki-67表达.结果 与空白对照组比较,各染锰组Caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P<0.01);染锰剂量相同,染锰6周组与4周组比较,Caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P<0.01);染锰时间相同,30 mg/kg MnCl2与15 mg/kg MnCl2组比较,Caspase-3阳性细胞率均显著升高(P<0.01).与空白对照组比较,染锰15 mg/kg MnCl24周组Ki-67阳性细胞率降低(P<0.05);染锰30 mg/kg MnCl2 4周组,15 mh/kg MnCl2 6周组,30 mg/kg MnCl2 6周组Ki-67阳性细胞率均显著降低(P<0.01);染锰时间相同,30 mg/kg MnCl2组与15 mg/kg MnCl2组比较,Ki-67阳性细胞率显著降低(P<0.01).各组大鼠生精细胞Caspase-3阳性细胞率与Ki-67阳性细胞率呈明显负相关(r=-0.798,P<0.01),结论染锰15 mg/kg 4周即可促进大鼠生精细胞Caspase-3表达和抑制大鼠生精细胞Ki-67表达,且存在一定的剂量-效应和时间-效应关系,锰的这种双重作用可能是导致大鼠生精障碍的主要机制.     

砷染毒大鼠生精细胞凋亡及端粒酶活力的变化

目的观察不同剂量的染砷(As2O3)大鼠生精细胞凋亡及端粒酶活力表达的变化。方法将40只健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠随机分成4组,分别为低、中、高剂量(0.375、0.75、1.5 mg/kg)砷染毒组和对照组,以灌胃法连续染毒16周后计算各组大鼠精子头计数,并计算睾丸脏器系数、每日精子生成量(DSP)。采用TUNEL原位细胞杂交方法检测大鼠生精细胞凋亡,免疫组化法检测大鼠生精细胞端粒酶活力的表达。结果与对照组比较,中剂量组(0.75 mg/kg)和高剂量组(1.5 mg/kg)睾丸精子头计数和DSP均显著降低(P<0.01),生精细胞凋亡指数(AI)显著升高(P<0.01),生精细胞端粒酶活力表达明显降低(P<0.01);每日精子生成量与生精细胞凋亡呈负相关(r=-0.563,P<0.01);生精细胞凋亡与端粒酶活力呈负相关(r=-0.896,P<0.01)。结论一定剂量的As2O3可通过抑制生精细胞端粒酶活力,促进生精细胞凋亡而导致精子生成量减少,产生雄性生殖毒性。     

纳米硫化镉呼吸道亚慢性暴露对雄性大鼠的生殖毒性

目的探讨纳米硫化镉(CdS)对大鼠睾丸的氧化损伤及对精子的影响。方法 32只雄性清洁级SD大鼠随机分为对照组(蒸馏水)、10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg和30 mg/kg的纳米CdS组,每组8只。采用肺灌注方法染毒,2次/周,持续染毒12周。计算睾丸脏器系数,测定睾丸组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察精子数量、畸形率、活动度和睾丸的病理学变化。结果与对照组相比,30 mg/kg染毒组精子数量、精子活动度降低,10、20、30 mg/kg染毒组精子畸形率增高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,30 mg/kg染毒组的大鼠睾丸SOD、GSH-Px活力降低(P<0.05),10、20、30 mg/kg染毒组的大鼠睾丸MDA含量增高(P<0.05)。染毒组生精小管内生精细胞脱落,层次减少,各级生精细胞排列紊乱,管内生精细胞疏松、排列紊乱、上皮变薄,管腔内可见脱落的精子细胞。结论纳米硫化镉经呼吸道染毒可致大鼠睾丸病理改变,氧化损伤,并且引起精子数量减少,活动度降低,畸形率增加。     

锰对大鼠生精细胞半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶-9和凋亡抑制蛋白表达的影响

为研究锰对大鼠睾丸生精细胞半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶-9(caspase-9)、凋亡抑制蛋白(livin)表达的影响,将24只健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别为对照(生理盐水)组和15、30 mg/kg氯化锰染毒组,每组8只。采用腹腔注射方式进行染毒,每天1次,每周5 d,连续染毒6周。采用免疫组化SP法检测睾丸生精细胞caspase-9、livin蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,与对照组比较,15、30 mg/kg氯化锰染毒组大鼠睾丸生精细胞caspase-9的阳性细胞率均升高,livin的阳性细胞率均下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。且随着氯化锰染毒剂量的升高,大鼠睾丸生精细胞caspase-9的阳性细胞率呈上升趋势,livin的阳性细胞率呈下降趋势。提示锰可通过上调大鼠生精细胞caspase-9表达和下调livin表达诱导生精细胞凋亡。     

空气模拟潜水后小鼠的氧化应激状态研究

目的探讨空气模拟潜水前后小鼠氧化应激状态的变化。方法48只昆明种小鼠用随机数字表法分为常压空气对照组(NA)、常氧高氮组(HN)、高压氧组(HO)、压缩空气暴露后1d组(HA1)、压缩空气暴露后3d组(HA3)以及压缩空气暴露后5d组(HA5);各组暴露于相应压力条件下,每次60min,每天2次,连续3d。相应时间点取血,检测各组丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱苷肽鄄S转移酶(GSH鄄Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的变化情况。结果与对照组相比,纯氧组及压缩空气暴露后1d组各指标均显著变化(P<0.05,P<0.01),且在常氧高氮组与压缩空气暴露后1d组之间差异存在显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。上述变化在3～5d内自然恢复。结论在空气模拟潜水条件下小鼠氧化应激状态发生显著变化,高分压氧在其中扮演了极为重要的角色。小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞功能在空气模拟潜水条件下受到显著抑制可能与其自身氧化应激状态发生变化有关。     

Oleuropein protects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and modulates sperm quality in the rat testis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of oleuropein on ethanol-induced oxidative stress in the rat testis. 32 adult male Sprague?CDawley rats were divided into four equal groups: the first group as a control, the second group of rats were given ethanol (4?g/kg), the third group received oleuropein (15?mg/kg), and the fourth group of rats were supplemented of oleuropein (15?mg/kg) and after 120?min were ingested via ethanol (4?g/kg) orally. Oleuropein could prevent the reduction of motility and plasma membrane integrity of the spermatozoa against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in treated rats (P?<?0.05). While, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (as a lipid peroxidation marker) concentration was decreased significantly in the oleuropein plus ethanol group compared to the ethanol group (P?<?0.05). Notably, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in the ethanol-treated animals compared to controls and total glutathione (GSH-content) increased significantly in ethanol-treated rats compared to the oleuropein group. Our findings suggest that oleuropein possesses beneficial antioxidant effects on ethanol-induced sperm toxicity, subsequently enhancing sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity.     

Effects of different grape formulations on antioxidative capacity, lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in aged rats

In this study, the freeze-dried powders from whole grapes, pomace and juice of Campbell Early (Vitis labruscana Bailey) were prepared to determine the amount of total flavonoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and dietary fiber. Effects of whole grape, pomace, or juice intakes on their antioxidative capacity and DNA damage were investigated in Sprague-Dawley male rats. A total of 120 rats at 13 mo old and weighing 549 +/- 4 g were blocked into 8 groups according to body weight and raised for 3, 5, or 7 mo with diets containing 2% (w/w) dry powder of three different parts of grapes and 0.02% (w/w) CdCl2. The contents of flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins A and E, and dietary fiber in freeze-dried powder were the highest in grape pomace, but the vitamin C contents were similar among the three powders. In all the 16, 18, and 20-mo-old animals, plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels of grape-ingesting groups were lower than those of the controls and that of the grape pomace group was the lowest among the groups. Cd administration increased plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels remarkably; however, Cd+grape groups were lower than the Cd-control group. Red blood cell superoxide dismutase activity of 18- and 20-mo-old rats was higher than that of 16-mo-olds, showing an age-related increase; however, red blood cell catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities decreased with age. Grape diets promoted superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, and the grape pomace increased the activities most significantly among three different parts of the grape. Cd decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities; however Cd+grape groups showed similar activities to the non-Cd control group. Liver superoxide dismutase activity was decreased with age but catalase activity of 18-mo-old rats was higher than those of 16- and 20-mo-old groups, and glutathione peroxidase activities of 16- and 18-mo-old groups were similar but that of 20-mo-old groups decreased markedly. Grape intake increased these three antioxidative enzyme activities while Cd administration decreased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities except superoxide dismutase activity. The concentration in the kidney of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the 18- and 20-mo-old rats was higher than that in the 16-mo-old groups, and grape intake showed a protecting effect on DNA from age-related or Cd-induced oxidative damage. In conclusion, grape intakes, especially grape pomace with the highest content of flavonoids, beta-carotene, tocopherols and dietary fiber among the three parts, showed the prominent antioxidative capacity of inhibiting age-related or Cd-induced increase of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage effectively, promoting liver and red blood cell antioxidant enzyme activities.     

Lycopene attenuates oxidative stress induced experimental cataract development: an in vitro and in vivo study

OBJECTIVES: Lycopene, a nutritional antioxidant, was evaluated for its anticataract potential to further establish its role in cataract prevention. METHODS: The ability of lycopene to modulate the biochemical parameters was investigated by in vitro studies. Enucleated rat lenses were maintained in organ culture containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium alone or in addition with 100 microM selenite and served as the normal and control groups, respectively. For the test group, the control medium was supplemented with 10 microM lycopene. The lenses were incubated for 24 h at 37 degrees C. At the end of the incubation period, the lenses were examined for morphologic variation, and biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione, the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde, and the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were estimated. In vivo selenite cataract was induced in 9-d-old rats by subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite (25 micromoles/kg of body weight). The rats in the test group were injected with lycopene (200 microg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) 4 h before the selenite challenge. The incidence of cataract was observed when the rats first opened their eyes. Galactose cataract was induced in rats by feeding 30% galactose in the diet. Rats in the test group were fed orally with 200 microg/kg of lycopene daily, and rats in the control group received only vehicle. Cataract stages were graded at regular intervals. RESULTS: A fall (25%) in the glutathione level and a rise (32%) in the malondialdehyde content were observed in control as opposed to normal lenses. Lycopene supplementation in the medium significantly (P < 0.001) restored glutathione and malondialdehyde levels. A significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes also was observed in the control lenses. A significant restoration in the activities of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and catalase and glutathione S-transferase (P < 0.01), with no effect on glutathione peroxidase, was observed in the lycopene-supplemented group. Lycopene also reduced the incidence of selenite cataract. Only 9% of the eyes in the test group developed dense nuclear opacity as opposed to 83% in the control group. A significant delay in the onset and progression of galactose cataract was observed with oral feeding of lycopene. Only 35% of the eyes developed mature cataract as opposed to 100% in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Lycopene protects against experimental cataract development by virtue of its antioxidant properties, and it may be useful for prophylaxis or therapy against cataracts.     

Effect of Sulfur Dioxide Inhalation on Erythrocyte Antioxidant Status,Food Intake,and Lipid Peroxidation During Aging

The effect of sulfur dioxide on red blood cell antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation was investigated in young (3 mo), middle-age (12 mo), and old (24 mo) male albino rats. Ten ppm of sulfur dioxide was administered to the rats in the sulfur dioxide groups in an exposure chamber. Exposure occurred 1 hr/d, 7 d/wk, for 6 wk; control rats were exposed to filtered air during the same time periods. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione-S-transferase activities were significantly decreased in the middle-aged and older groups, compared with the young group. Sulfur dioxide exposure significantly decreased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in all experimental groups, compared with controls. Sulfur dioxide exposure significantly increased enzyme and glutathione activities.     

Effect of sulfur dioxide inhalation on erythrocyte antioxidant status, food intake, and lipid peroxidation during aging

The effect of sulfur dioxide on red blood cell antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation was investigated in young (3 mo), middle-age (12 mo), and old (24 mo) male albino rats. Ten ppm of sulfur dioxide was administered to the rats in the sulfur dioxide groups in an exposure chamber. Exposure occurred 1 hr/d, 7 d/wk, for 6 wk; control rats were exposed to filtered air during the same time periods. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione-S-transferase activities were significantly decreased in the middle-aged and older groups, compared with the young group. Sulfur dioxide exposure significantly decreased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in all experimental groups, compared with controls. Sulfur dioxide exposure significantly increased enzyme and glutathione activities.     

Protective effect of vanillin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced oxidative brain injury in rats

This study investigated the protective effects of vanillin against acute brain damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl?) in rats. The study was performed on 32 male rats divided into four groups: a control group, vanillin group ([Va] 150 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and CCl? toxication groups received a single injection of CCl? (1 ml/kg, i.p.; CCl? and Va + CCl? groups). The degree of protection in brain tissue was evaluated by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide (NO). Vanillin showed a significant brain-protective effect by decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation and NO? and elevated the activities of antioxidative enzymes and level of GSH. Consequently vanillin blocked oxidative brain damage induced by CCl? in rats.     

Antioxidant effect of vitamin E and selenium on hepatotoxicity induced by dimethoate in female adult rats

Acute exposure to pesticides can cause hepatotoxicity. Our study pertains to the potential ability of selenium and/or vitamin E, used as nutritional supplements, to alleviate oxidative stress induced by dimethoate. Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of six each: group I served as controls; group II received in their drinking water dimethoate (2 g L⁻¹); group III received both dimethoate and selenium (0.5 mg/kg of diet); group IV was treated with dimethoate and vitamin E (100 mg/kg of diet); group V received dimethoate+selenium+vitamin E and groups VI and VII received either selenium or vitamin E. The exposure of rats to dimethoate for 30 days promoted oxidative stress with an increase in malondialdehyde and a decrease in glutathione and non-protein thiol levels. A decrease in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities was also observed. While, plasma transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase activities and bilirubin levels increased. Co-administration of selenium and/or vitamin E through diet improved the biochemical parameters cited above. Liver histological studies confirmed biochemical parameters and the beneficial roles of selenium and vitamin E.