吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响

目的探讨吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响.方法以剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型,纳洛酮诱发戒断症状.根据小鼠戒断反应中出现的跳跃次数、体重下降等指标评定戒断反应强度.采用毛细管上升现象测定吗啡依赖和戒断小鼠离体肺灌洗液表面张力的变化.结果吗啡依赖组和纳洛酮催促戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力均明显大于对照组(P<0.01),而且吗啡戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力又明显大于吗啡依赖组(P<0.01).结论吗啡依赖和纳洛酮催促戒断小鼠肺表面活性物质含量下降,尤其是戒断期.这些变化可能是吗啡依赖造成肺功能损害的原因之一.     

吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响

目的：探讨吗啡依赖对小鼠肺表面活性物质分泌的影响。方法：以剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型，纳洛酮诱发戒断症状。根据小鼠戒断反应中出现的跳跃次数、体重下降等指标评定戒断反应强度。采用毛细管上升现象测定吗啡依赖和戒断小鼠离体肺灌洗液表面张力的变化。结果：吗啡依赖组和纳洛酮催促戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力均明显大于对照组（P＜0．01），而且吗啡戒断组离体肺灌洗液表面相对张力和表面张力又明显大于吗啡依赖组（P＜0．01）。结论：吗啡依赖和纳洛酮催促戒断小鼠肺表面活性物质含量下降，尤其是戒断期。这些变化可能是吗啡依赖造成肺功能损害的原因之一。     

吗啡依赖对小鼠海马神经元核酸代谢的影响

目的探讨吗啡依赖对小鼠海马神经元结构和功能损害的分子机制。方法以剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型,采用吖啶橙荧光探针技术,显示吗啡依赖组、纳洛酮催促戒断组和正常对照组小鼠海马神经元DNA和RNA的变化。结果与对照组相比,吗啡依赖组和纳洛酮催促戒断组海马神经元DNA和RNA荧光反应强度均明显减弱,纳洛酮催促戒断组荧光反应强度更弱。结论吗啡依赖和纳洛酮催促戒断损伤海马神经元核酸代谢,后者的损伤程度更为严重,这些变化可能是吗啡依赖造成脑功能损坏尤其是学习记忆功能下降的原因之一。     

丹参提取物对小鼠吗啡身体依赖性的影响

目的观察丹参提取物对小鼠吗啡身体依赖性的影响。方法反复sc吗啡建立小鼠吗啡身体依赖模型,以ip纳洛酮诱发其戒断症状。分别在建立吗啡依赖模型同时或建立后ip给予不同剂量的丹参提取物,观察长期预防性给药和急性给药对小鼠纳洛酮催促后戒断反应症状的影响,并且观察丹参提取物自身潜在的身体依赖性。结果和吗啡模型组相比,丹参提取物长期预防性给药(100~200 m g/kg),小鼠跳跃数减少(P<0.05),预防性给药(200 m g/kg)组体重下降也显著改善(P<0.05);急性给药(500 m g/kg)能明显减少吗啡依赖小鼠的跳跃数(P<0.05),急性给药(200~500 m g/kg)能一定程度改善体重的下降,但无统计学意义;丹参提取物长期给药不存在自身的身体依赖性。结论丹参提取物在一定程度上抑制小鼠吗啡身体依赖的形成,可以缓解吗啡依赖小鼠的戒断症状,且自身无潜在身体依赖性。     

吗啡依赖对小鼠海马神经元核酸代谢的影响

目的：探讨吗啡依赖对小鼠海马神经元结构和功能损害的分子机制。方法：以剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型,采用吖啶橙荧光探讨技术,显示吗啡领带组、纳洛酮催促戒断组和正常对照组小鼠海马神经元DNA和RNA的变化。结果：与对照组相比,吗啡依赖组和纳洛酮催促戒断组海马神经元DNA和RNA荧光反应强度均明显减弱,纳洛酮催促戒断组荧光反应强度更弱。结论：吗啡依赖和纳洛酮催促戒断损伤海马神经元核代谢,后者的损伤程度更为严重,这些变化可能是吗啡依赖造成脑功能损坏尤其是学习记忆功能下降的原因之一。     

川芎嗪对小鼠吗啡戒断症状的抑制作用及机制

目的:研究川芎嗪（TMP）对小鼠吗啡戒断症状的影响。方法:以剂量递增法形成吗啡依赖模型,用纳洛酮催促戒断。结果:ip给药,TMP20mg/kg抑制“湿狗”样抖动、打洞、前爪震颤症状;TMP40mg/kg抑制跳跃、“湿狗”样抖动、上睑下垂、前爪震颤、体重下降等症状。结论:TMP能抑制大部分吗啡戒断症状。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及位置偏爱的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及条件性位置偏爱效应的影响.方法 (1)48只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为吗啡依赖组(MOR组),纳洛酮促戒断组(NAL组),PHC治疗组(PHCl,2,3组),对照组(NS组),每组8只.剂量递增法连续5 d皮下注射吗啡(10～50mg/kg,每日2次)及纳洛酮催促戒断(5 mg/kg),建立吗啡躯体依赖大鼠模型.实验第6天上午,纳络酮催促戒断前30min腹腔注射不同剂量的PHC(0.5,1.0,1.5 mg/kg).观察各组大鼠在20 min内的体质量丧失情况及戒断症状.(2)40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为吗啡诱导组(MOR组),PHC治疗组(PHC1,2,3组),对照组(NS组),每组8只.连续7d交替皮下注射吗啡(10mg/kg,每天1次)或生理盐水,诱导大鼠的吗啡位置偏爱效应.实验第8天停用吗啡,NS组与MOR组腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水;PHC治疗组则分别腹腔注射PHC 0.5,1.0,1.5 mg/kg.各组大鼠行CPP测试.结果 (1)PHC治疗组能明显缓解吗啡依赖大鼠的催促戒断症状,其体质量丧失[(8.53±1.20)g、(7.36±1.06)g、(5.40±1.79)g,(12.63±2.22)g,F=83.16,P＜0.01]和戒断症状评分[(25.36±3.11)分、(21.38±3.50)分、(17.06±1.78)分,(31.69±2.76)分,F=256.56,P＜0.01)]明显低于NAL组,且呈剂量依赖性.(2)PHC治疗组的灰区停留时间与MOR组比较显著缩短[(529±83)s、(460±107)s、(418±97)s,(643±111)s,F=13.22,P＜0.01],且呈剂量依赖性.结论 PHC急性治疗能剂量依赖的抑制吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状和条件性位置偏爱的表达.     

吗啡依赖大鼠模型的戒断行为学比较

目的　研究吗啡依赖大鼠模型建立方式和催促戒断给药剂量对戒断强度的影响及其相互关系。方法　对两种常用吗啡依赖大鼠模型在不同剂量纳洛酮催促戒断后,观察戒断体征及体重减轻来评估戒断强度。结果　两组方法均成功建立了大鼠吗啡依赖。5日法（吗啡总剂量380mg.kg－1）模型大鼠在2mg.kg－1和4mg.kg－1纳洛酮催促剂量下戒断强度无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。12日法模型（吗啡总剂量1365mg.kg－1）戒断强度随纳洛酮剂量增加显著上升（P＜0.01）,但仅在4mg.kg－1纳洛酮催促剂量时显著高于5日法模型。结论　应根据不同的实验要求,选择适当的吗啡依赖模型的建立方法,并结合实验条件判定结果。     

一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME对吗啡依赖小鼠位置偏爱及戒断症状的影响

目的探讨一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME在吗啡依赖及其戒断症状中的作用,为临床干预提供依据.方法吗啡腹腔注射制造小鼠吗啡依赖模型,剂量从10mg.kg-1.次-1逐日递增至第7天时70mg·kg-1·次-1;L-NAME和纳洛酮同期干预,每次吗啡注射前5 min,分别皮下注射纳洛酮z1mg·kg-1·次-1和L-NAME 2mg·kg-1·次-1,观察小鼠位置偏爱(CPP)产生情况.用药1周后皮下注射纳洛酮催瘾,观察戒 断后小鼠的戒断体征,生理盐水作为空白对照.结果实验组小鼠在吗啡腹腔注射1周后产生了CPP[(457±304)s,F=7.967,P＜0.01];吗啡注射同时给予L-NAME干预阻止了吗啡依赖的形成[CPP(148±108)s],并且减轻了吗啡戒断时的戒断体征:跳跃次数减少[(18.40±22.61)次]、体质量丧失增加[(0.25±0.07)g],起跳潜伏期缩短[(14.10±11.29)min]、直立次数增加[(4.87±1.74)次]、躯体拉伸次数增加[(1.52±1.34)g]、腹泻加重[(0.38±0.48)次].结论L-NAME能有效对抗吗啡所致的小鼠吗啡依赖,并且能有效减轻吗啡撤药时戒断体征的表达.     

敬钊毒素-V对吗啡成瘾小鼠戒断症状的影响

目的观察Jingzhaotoxin-V敬钊毒素-V(JZTX-V)对纳洛酮催促戒断症状的治疗作用。方法建立吗啡成瘾小鼠模型,分别测定4组不同剂量5,50,500,1000μg/kg JZTX-V对小鼠戒断后跳跃次数的影响。结果 JZTX-V在戒断后的15min内能减少小鼠的跳跃次数,而且5、50和500μg/kg JZTX-V对跳跃次数的抑制具有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论 JZTX-V在5-500μg/kg范围内能显著抑制小鼠戒断后的跳跃次数,有可能成为一种戒毒先导分子。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.