急诊脓毒症病死率评分在急诊脓毒症患者中的应用

目的 验证急诊脓毒症病死率评分(mortality in emergency department sepsis score,MEDS)对于急诊脓毒症患者病情评估的应用价值,并将其对患者28 d病死率的预测效果进行比较。方法 对2009年9月至2010年9月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院急诊抢救室救治的613例脓毒症患者进行前瞻性研究。记录患者的证急诊脓毒症病死率评分(MEDS)、急性生理学与慢性健康情况评价系统Ⅱ（acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,APACHEⅡ）、简化急性生理学评分Ⅱ（simplified acute physiology score,SAPSⅡ）和改良早期预警评分(modified early warning score,MEWS)。随访28 d转归。根据患者MEDS评分分值将死亡风险分级：极低危险组(0 ～4分)、低度危险组（5～7分）、中度危险组（8～12分）、高度危险组（13 ～ 15分）、极高危险组（大于15分）,各组间实际病死率采用X2检验比较。再对生存组和死亡组进行比较,通过logistic 回归分析确定预测死亡的独立因素,应用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）比较MEDS与APACHEⅡ,SAPSⅡ和MEWS评分对预后的预测能力。结果 失访10例,完整记录603例。MEDS评分患者各组实际病死率分别为0％,7.7％,18.5％,46.7％,63％,各组间实际病死率有显著区别。生存组（440例）与死亡组（163例）之间年龄和四种评分差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。MEDS,APACHEⅡ,SAPSⅡ、MEWS评分均是预测死亡的独立因素,ROC曲线下的面积(AUC)分别为0.767,0.743,0.741和0.636。结论 MEDS评分可以对脓毒症患者死亡风险进行分级,在患者28 d病死率方面有较好的预测能力,适用于急诊脓毒症患者。     

儿童脓毒症患病现状调查及死亡危险因素分析

目的:了解本地区儿童脓毒症/严重脓毒症的患病现状,并探讨影响患儿预后的相关危险因素.方法:采用2005年国际儿科脓毒症联席会议制定的标准,对2011年1-12月入住我院儿科的患儿进行筛选,了解脓毒症患儿的发病情况、治疗经过及预后转归.结果:纳入研究患儿共323例,儿童脓毒症的现患率是3.77％,PICU的现患率为18.08％,PICU严重脓毒症的现患率和病死率分别为8.37％和22.22％,脓毒症/严重脓毒症的发病与性别无明显关系,婴幼儿及乡村儿童是严重脓毒症的高发人群.感染的原发部位主要为下呼吸道,以革兰氏阴性(G-)杆菌为主要致病菌,严重脓毒症死亡的主要原因是多脏器功能衰竭,患儿的小儿危重病例(PCIS)评分及发生脏器衰竭的数目与死亡密切相关.结论:儿童脓毒症/严重脓毒症在PICU发病率及死亡率高,PCIS评分及脏器衰竭的数目是严重脓毒症患儿死亡的独立危险因素.     

降钙素原与血小板指标影响急诊脓毒症患者预后

目的：探讨脓毒症患者降钙素原及血小板指标变化与病死率等相关性,以期指导临床。方法：选择符合入选条件的脓毒症患者78例,入院即刻查血常规、降钙素原及行血培养,入院第4天复查血常规,血培养结果依据细菌染色分为革兰氏染色阴性（G-）和革兰氏染色阳性（G＋）。①依据降钙素原值分组,A组（〉100μg/L）、B组（10~100μg/L）、C组（1.5~10μg/L）、D组（〈1.5μg/L）,比较各组入院30d病死率、血培养细菌G-和G＋菌例数及病因差异;②依据入院时血小板数值将所有脓毒症患者分为血小板减少1组与血小板正常1组,后组依据入院第4天血小板数值分为血小板减少2组与血小板正常2组,比较组间病死率等。结果：所有脓毒症患者,随降钙素原增加,病死率增加,同时G-细菌所占比例增加,肺部感染增多。脓毒症患者入院3d后血小板减少,增加病死率。结论：脓毒症患者入院降钙素原数值在一定程度上可指导临床选择抗菌素及指导预后。脓毒症患者入院3d后血小板减少增加病死率。     

天津某三甲医院四年急诊脓毒症特点回顾分析

目的:以急诊医学科（emergency department, ED）为出发点,回顾性分析脓毒症在ED患者中流行病学特点及影响死亡的危险因素,为ED开展脓毒症"三早两降"策略提供参考。方法:基于天津医科大学总医院ED和住院病案管理信息化平台,按照2016年脓毒症国际诊断标准及2020年中国脓毒症早期预防与阻断急诊专家共...     

急诊脓毒症改良死亡风险评分对急诊脓毒症患者危险分层的应用

目的 探讨急诊脓毒症改良死亡风险评分(NMEDS)对急诊脓毒症患者危险分层的应用价值.方法 连续入选海南省农垦总医院急诊科2015年1月1日至2015年8月31日急诊就诊并且明确诊断为脓毒症患者164例,随访28 d按照患者预后分为死亡组(48例)和存活组(116例)两组,比较两组患者入院后24h内NMEDS与急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分;并描绘受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),分析NMEDS与APACHEⅡ评分对急诊脓毒症患者死亡危险预后能力的比较.结果 死亡组患者在入院24h内NMEDS分值明显高于存活组(13.4±1.8)vs.(5.8±2.1),P ＜0.01;APACHEⅡ评分相比较,死亡组(27.4±3.6)分较存活组(17.6±4.1)分高,P=0.003;NMEDS评分不同分值28 d患者病死率:≤4分为4.5％,5～8分为10.0％,9～12分为19.4％,13～16分为42.4％,≥17分为66.7％.NMEDS对患者28 d死亡风险预测的ROC曲线下面积为0.788,数值上较APACHEⅡ评分曲线下面积为0.701高,但差异无统计学意义,P=0.056.结论 NMEDS对急诊脓毒症患者是可以应用的危险分层评分系统,在急诊临床工作中具有应用价值.     

血氨在急诊科脓毒症患者预后评估中的作用

目的:探究血氨在急诊科脓毒症患者预后评估中的应用,并与急诊脓毒症病死率评分（mortality in emergency department sepsis,MEDS)进行分析比较。方法:采用回顾性临床研究,纳入2017年6月至2018年5月期间于四川大学华西医院急诊科确诊的、符合2001年美国胸科医师协会／危重病医学会共识会议的诊断标准的脓毒症患者的临床资料,排除伴有其他影响血氨水平的疾病及失访的对象,并收集MEDS评分,电话随访统计患者的生存情况。采用独立样本 t检验比较两组间差异,应用受试者操作特性（ROC）曲线评估脓毒症病死率预测的准确性,使用logistic回归模型探讨血氨与MEDS评分联合应用的价值。 结果:最终纳入80例研究对象,按预后分为1周存活组（ n=52）、1周死亡组（ n=28）;4周存活组（ n=37）、4周死亡组（ n=43）;12周存活组（ n=33）、12周死亡组（ n=47）;1年存活组（ n=32）、1年死亡组（ n=48）,组间研究对象的人口特征差异无统计学意义,所有死亡对象的血氨水平均比同期存活的患者更高[（116.57±85.33）μmol/L vs （77.64±35.82）μmol/L,（108.53±73.00）μmol/L vs （71.19±32.53）μmol/L,（106.75±71.59）μmol/L vs （69.21±28.84）μmol/L,（105.77±71.14）μmol/L vs （69.50±29.25） μmol/L, P<0.05];根据1周、4周、12周和1年后的死亡情况得出,血氨的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别0.668（95% CI:0.542~0.793, P=0.014）、0.706（95% CI: 0.593~0.819, P=0.002）、0.705（95% CI: 0.592~0.818, P=0.002）、0.697（95% CI:0.582~0.811, P=0.003）;与单独使用血氨、乳酸或MEDS评分相比,血氨与MEDS的联合使用会提高对脓毒症患者预后评估的准确性（ P<0.05）。 结论:血氨用于预测急诊科脓毒症患者的近期和1年预后都具有较高的价值,与MEDS评分的联合使用,可以进一步提高其预测价值。     

血氨在急诊科脓毒症患者预后评估中的作用

目的:探究血氨在急诊科脓毒症患者预后评估中的应用,并与急诊脓毒症病死率评分（mortality in emergency department sepsis,MEDS)进行分析比较。方法:采用回顾性临床研究,纳入2017年6月至2018年5月期间于四川大学华西医院急诊科确诊的、符合2001年美国胸科医师协会／危重病医学会共识会议的诊断标准的脓毒症患者的临床资料,排除伴有其他影响血氨水平的疾病及失访的对象,并收集MEDS评分,电话随访统计患者的生存情况。采用独立样本 t检验比较两组间差异,应用受试者操作特性（ROC）曲线评估脓毒症病死率预测的准确性,使用logistic回归模型探讨血氨与MEDS评分联合应用的价值。 结果:最终纳入80例研究对象,按预后分为1周存活组（ n=52）、1周死亡组（ n=28）;4周存活组（ n=37）、4周死亡组（ n=43）;12周存活组（ n=33）、12周死亡组（ n=47）;1年存活组（ n=32）、1年死亡组（ n=48）,组间研究对象的人口特征差异无统计学意义,所有死亡对象的血氨水平均比同期存活的患者更高[（116.57±85.33）μmol/L vs （77.64±35.82）μmol/L,（108.53±73.00）μmol/L vs （71.19±32.53）μmol/L,（106.75±71.59）μmol/L vs （69.21±28.84）μmol/L,（105.77±71.14）μmol/L vs （69.50±29.25） μmol/L, P<0.05];根据1周、4周、12周和1年后的死亡情况得出,血氨的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别0.668（95% CI:0.542~0.793, P=0.014）、0.706（95% CI: 0.593~0.819, P=0.002）、0.705（95% CI: 0.592~0.818, P=0.002）、0.697（95% CI:0.582~0.811, P=0.003）;与单独使用血氨、乳酸或MEDS评分相比,血氨与MEDS的联合使用会提高对脓毒症患者预后评估的准确性（ P<0.05）。 结论:血氨用于预测急诊科脓毒症患者的近期和1年预后都具有较高的价值,与MEDS评分的联合使用,可以进一步提高其预测价值。     

细菌培养阴性和培养阳性的脓毒症患者的临床特点和结局对比

目的:比较细菌培养阴性和培养阳性的脓毒症患者的临床特点和结局.方法:数据从MIMIC-Ⅲ及eICU-CRD两个公开的重症医学数据库中提取,筛选入重症监护病房(ICU)的成年脓毒症患者.根据入ICU前后48 h的细菌培养结果分为两组:细菌培养阴性组和细菌培养阳性组.分析细菌培养阴性对脓毒症患者90 d病死率的影响,并比较...     

蛋白酶抑制剂对重症脓毒症患者的疗效及作用机制

细胞因子在脓毒症的病理生理过程中起决定性作用。本研究通过观察乌司他丁对重症脓毒症患者的疗效和安全性及其对细胞因子的影响,以探讨其作用机制。     

ICU重度脓毒症患者死亡危险因素分析

目的:探讨影响ICU重度脓毒症患者死亡的危险因素,为今后重度脓毒症的防治提供依据。方法:应用回顾性调查的方法,对我院ICU病房2006年1-12月收治的75例重度脓毒症患者进行统计学分析。结果:重度脓毒症患者死亡组Marshall评分、急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)均明显高于存活组(P<0.001或P<0.005)。随着器官功能不全的数目增加,患者28d病死率、3个月病死率均明显增高,Spearman等级相关分析显示28d病死率及3个月病死率均与器官功能不全数明显相关(P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示脓毒症休克(P<0.005)、中枢神经系统功能不全(P<0.05)、APACHEⅡ评分(P<0.05)是重度脓毒症患者28d死亡的独立危险因素,脓毒症休克(P<0.005)、器官功能不全数目(P<0.05)、患有慢性疾病(P<0.05)是重度脓毒症患者3个月死亡的独立危险因素。结论:器官功能不全、脓毒症休克、APACHEⅡ评分、是否患有慢性疾病对判断ICU重度脓毒症患者的预后有一定指导意义。     

Choice of resuscitative fluids and mortality in emergency department patients with sepsis

Objective

Balanced resuscitative fluids (BF) have been associated with decreased incidence of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in sepsis. We hypothesized that higher proportions of BF during resuscitation would thus be associated with improved mortality in Emergency Department (ED) patients with sepsis.

The significance of non-sustained hypotension in emergency department patients with sepsis

Objective  Few studies have documented the incidence and significance of non-sustained hypotension in emergency department (ED) patients with sepsis. We hypothesized that ED non-sustained hypotension increases risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis. Methods  Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. ED patients aged >17 years admitted to the hospital with explicitly defined sepsis were prospectively identified. Inclusion criteria  Evidence of systemic inflammation (>1 criteria) and suspicion for infection. Patients with overt shock were excluded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results  Seven hundred patients with sepsis were enrolled, including 150 (21%) with non-sustained hypotension. The primary outcome of in-hospital mortality was present in 10% (15/150) of patients with non-sustained hypotension compared with 3.6% (20/550) of patients with no hypotension. The presence of non-sustained hypotension resulted in three times the risk of mortality than no hypotension (risk ratio = 2.8, 95% CI 1.5–5.2). Patients with a lowest systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg had a threefold increase in mortality rate compared with patients with a lowest systolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg (5 vs. 16%). In logistic regression analysis, non-sustained hypotension was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion  Non-sustained hypotension in the ED confers a significantly increased risk of death during hospitalization in patients admitted with sepsis. These data should impart reluctance to dismiss non-sustained hypotension, including a single measurement, as not clinically significant or meaningful. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

The risk stratification and prognostic evaluation of soluble programmed death-1 on patients with sepsis in emergency department

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) for risk stratification and prediction of 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis, we compared serum sPD-1 with procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) score.

Year-to-year trends in emergency medicine morbidity and mortality cases

BackgroundMorbidity and Mortality (M&M) rounds are peer review conferences during which cases with adverse outcomes and difficult management decisions are presented. Their primary objective is to learn from complications and errors, modify behavior and judgment based on previous experiences, and prevent repetition of errors leading to complications. The objective of this study was to determine if M&M conferences can reduce repetitive error making demonstrated by a shift of the incidence of cases presented at M&M by chief complaint (CC) and experience of attendings.MethodsAll M&M cases from 1/1/2014–12/31/2017 derived from an urban, tertiary referral Emergency Department were reviewed and grouped into 12 different CC categories and by attending years of experience (1–4, 5–9 and 10+). Number and percent of M&M cases by CC and years of attending experience were calculated by year and a chi-squared analysis was performed.Results350 M&M cases were presented over the four-year study period. There was a significant difference between CC categories from year-to-year (p < 0.001). Attendings with 1–4 years of experience had the majority of cases (46.3%), while those with 5–9 years had the fewest total cases (15.1%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThere was a persistent significant difference across CC categories of M&M cases from year-to-year, with down-trending and up-trending of specific CCs suggesting that M&M presentation may prevent repetitive errors. Newer attendings show increased rates of M&M cases relative to more experienced attendings. There may be a distinctive educational benefit of participation at M&M for attendings with fewer than five years of clinical experience.     

Morbidity and mortality risk factors in emergency department patients with Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia

BACKGROUND: Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) bacteremia is an increasingly common and often fatal nosocomial infection. Identification of morbidity and mortality risk factors for AB bacteremia in emergency department (ED) patients may provide ways to improve the clinical outcomes of these patients.