创伤失血性休克患者限制性液体复苏的探讨

目的评估创伤失血性休克(HTS)患者在出血未控制时限制性液体复苏的效果。方法创伤失血性休克73例,随机分为限制性液体复苏组(观察组)和常规液体复苏组(对照组)。监测两组病例的初次、24h、48h胃黏膜pH值、血乳酸(BL)、剩余碱(BE)、中心静脉氧饱和度(SCVO2)变化,对比分析两组方法的输液量、治愈率、病死率及多器官功能衰竭(MODS)和急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)的发生率。结果24h、48h胃黏膜pH值和血乳酸变化,差异有显著意义(P<0.05),两组间观察组输液量显著降低(P<0.05),治愈率显著升高(P<0.05),死亡率显著降低(P<0.05),ARDS和MODS发生率显著降低(P<0.05)。结论限制性液体复苏可提高治愈率,降低病死率,减少MODS和ARDS的发生率。     

限制性液体复苏在创伤失血性休克中的临床应用

目的 探讨限制性液体复苏在创伤失血性休克中的临床应用效果.方法 2013年1月至2015年12月,泰州市人民医院救治的创伤失血性休克患者78例,随机分为限制性液体复苏组和常规液体复苏组,观察不同液体复苏方法对剩余碱、血乳酸、凝血功能、输液量、病死率及并发症的影响.结果 限制性液体复苏组患者病死率、并发症发生率明显低于常规液体复苏组(P＜0.05);限制性液体复苏组患者凝血酶原时间、部分凝血酶原时间、输液量、剩余碱、血乳酸等指标与常规液体复苏组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 创伤失血性休克患者采用限制性液体复苏可改善并维持重要组织器官灌注,降低患者病死率及并发症的发生.     

限制性液体复苏方式治疗创伤失血性休克疗效观察

目的：评价限制性液体复苏治疗创伤失血性休克的效果。方法：将2011年1月至2012年12月我科收治的创伤失血性休克患者120例随机分为常规组和研究组各60例,分别按常规液体复苏和限制性液体复苏治疗,常规组使收缩压（SBP）维持在90—110mmHg,研究组SBP维持在70—90mmHg;比较两组红细胞压积、血清乳酸水平、剩余碱、输入液体量和24h死亡率。结果：研究组血清乳酸水平、剩余碱、输入液体量、病死率均明显优于常规组（P〈0．05）。结论：在创伤失血性休克治疗中,限制性液体复苏既可维持重要脏器的血流灌注．又能减轻酸中毒、降低病死率。     

限制性液体复苏在创伤失血性休克中的临床应用

目的 观察创伤失血性休克早期限制性液体复苏的效果.方法 将58例创伤失血性休克患者按随机原则分为限制性液体复苏组[30例,快速输入2∶1的平衡液和贺斯进行液体复苏,使平均动脉压(MAP)维持在50～70 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)]和常规正压液体复苏组(28例,维持MAP在70～90 mm Hg).比较两组患者的输液量、凝血酶原时间(PT)及治愈率.结果 与常规正压液体复苏组比较,限制性液体复苏组输液量明显减少[(1 250±310) ml比(2 950±550) ml],PT明显缩短[(11.3±1.7) s比(16.1±1.3) s],治愈率明显升高(86.7%比64.3%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 限制性液体复苏能调动机体凝血机制及其他代偿机制,保证生命器官的血流灌注,提高创伤失血性休克患者的治愈率,改善预后.     

创伤失血性休克早期液体复苏策略及氧代谢监测的临床观察

目的:观察创伤失血性休克限制性液体复苏及充分液体复苏的临床疗效及对氧代谢的影响。方法:将218例创伤失血性休克患者随机分为治疗组(n=110)及对照组(n=108),分别进行限制性液体复苏及充分液体复苏。比较两组输液量、病死率及并发症(ARDS、MODS、脓毒血症)发生率,复苏2 h后氧输送(DO-2)、氧消耗(VO2)、混合静脉血氧饱和度(SVO2)情况及24 h乳酸恢复情况。结果:治疗组输液量显著少于对照组(P0.01),治疗组死亡率、并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05);治疗组DO_2、VO_2、SVO_2及24 h乳酸恢复正常例数均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与充分液体复苏比较,对创伤失血性休克进行限制性液体复苏能减少输液量,降低病死率及并发症发生率,且在组织供氧及纠正乳酸酸中毒方面有明显优势。     

限制性液体复苏治疗失血性休克的应用研究

目的探讨液体复苏对创伤失血性休克的救治效果。方法回顾性总结创伤失血性休克早期不同的液体复苏方法对救治效果和凝血功能的影响。结果在243例创伤失血性休克患者中,充分液体复苏组(127例)病死率37·80%(48例),限制液体复苏组(116例)病死率23·28%(27例),两组总病死率及1~2h病死率比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0·05)。充分液体复苏组血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)长于和存活患者并发症的发生率高于限制性液体复苏组。结论限制性液体复苏能降低创伤失血性休克患者病死率,提高存活率,并降低存活患者并发症的发生率,改善预后。     

基于低中心静脉压的限制性液体复苏在产科失血性休克产妇急救中的应用效果观察

目的探讨基于低中心静脉压的限制性液体复苏在产科失血性休克产妇临床救治中的应用价值。方法选取2016年1月～2018年12月于我院分娩并发生失血性休克的40例产妇。采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组各20例。对照组接受常规限制性液体复苏治疗,观察组则接受基于低中心静脉压的限制性液体复苏治疗,观察两组失血性休克抢救效果及患者一般临床指标。结果观察组治疗期间出血量与输液量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗期间平均PT、APTT、Hb、BE水平明显低于对照组,且PLC水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组DIC、MODS发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基于低中心静脉压的限制性液体复苏应用治疗产科失血性休克能够快速、有效纠正患者休克状态,较常规限制性液体复苏可显著降低凝血功能异常、DIC、MODS等不良结局的发生风险,具有临床应用及推广价值。     

三种液体复苏方法救治创伤性失血性休克的应用研究

目的 探讨不同液体复苏方法对创伤性失血性休克(HTS)的救治效果.方法 用不同液体复苏方法救治HTS患者73例,随机分为常规液体复苏组(27例)、限制性液体复苏组(25例)和高渗盐溶液复苏组(21例),对三组患者复苏前后的血流动力学指标、输入液体量、血清乳酸值、血气碱剩余值进行统计学分析.结果 常规组液体输入量为(3012±497)mL,限制组液体输入量为(2156±541)mL,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高渗组液体输入量为(2235±503)mL,与常规组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与限制组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).限制组、高渗组与常规组复苏前血乳酸值、碱剩余值比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),复苏12 h及24 h血乳酸、碱剩余检测值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).本研究治愈61例(83.6%),死亡12例(16.4%),发生ARDS 11例,MODS 15例.三组患者治愈率、死亡率、ARDS发生率、MODS发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 采用限制性液体复苏和高渗盐溶液复苏方法治疗HTS可明显增加有效循环血量,改善组织器官灌注,提高治愈率,降低死亡率,治疗效果均优于常规液体复苏方法.     

限制性液体复苏治疗创伤失血性休克52例临床分析

目的：探讨限制性液体复苏对创伤失血性休克的救治效果。方法：将我院2011年1月至2013年6月收治的创伤性失血性休克的患者104例随机分为对照组（n=52）和研究组（n=52）,分别应用常规液体复苏和限制性液体复苏治疗,比较两组输液量、平均动脉压、实验室指标（PLT、PT、HGB、BE、hsCRP、乳酸等）、入院2周内的死亡率、严重并发症（ARDS、MODS）的发生率等。结果：研究组在人院2周内的死亡率、ARDS、MODS发生率均明显低于对照组（P均〈0．05）,具有显著性差异。结论：限制性液体复苏能够降低创伤性失血性休克患者病死率和存活患者严重并发症的发生率,改善预后。     

创伤失血性休克救治中液体复苏链式管理的效果

目的探讨适用于创伤失血性休克救治不同阶段的液体复苏方式,以求证链式管理的液体治疗效果。方法采用历史对照研究,选择2011年7月至2013年6月送达本院的创伤失血性休克患者42例为链式管理组,护士主动参与液体治疗计划,将院前-急诊科-手术室-ICU-外科病房不同科室的液体复苏方式进行链式组合管理;选择2009年7月至2011年6月送达本院的创伤失血性休克患者40例为常规对照组。对比分析两组的复苏开始时间、休克纠正时间、术前输液量、术后72h日均输液量、病死率与并发症指标。结果两组复苏开始时间、术前输液量比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);两组休克纠正时间、术后72h日均输液量、病死率及并发症发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论创伤失血性休克患者的液体复苏治疗须兼顾休克病理演变过程与外科围手术期的体液变化,对不同阶段的液体复苏方式进行全程链式管理,有助于实现院内液体复苏的一体化跟踪模式,提高早期抢救成功率,降低后期并发症的发生。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.