脓毒症导致急性肾损伤血液净化方式和时机的选择

目的探讨运用急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）的RIFLE标准和APACHEⅡ评分选择脓毒症导致AKI的血液净化方式和时机。方法回顾性分析2004年3月～2006年9月收住于天津市天和医院ICU的96例脓毒症导致AKI的患者;依据血液净化方式分为连续性肾脏替代疗法（CRRT）组（54例）和间歇性血液透析（IHD）组（42例）,将CRRT组参照RIFLE标准分为Ⅰ期（14例）、Ⅱ期（19例）、Ⅲ期（21例）;评价患者生命体征、实验室指标、APACHEII评分动态变化和患者的不同预后。结果①CRRT组与IHD组治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、血肌酐差异没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）,治疗结束后CRRT组患者APACHEⅡ评分低于IHD组患者;CRRT组患者平均动脉压、血氧饱和度较IHD组低（P〈0.05）,治疗后MAP、SpO2有所上升（P〈0.05）;②CRRT组与IHD组病死率分别为51.9%和52.4%（P〉0.05）,而肾功能恢复率分别为92.3%与65.0%（P〈0.05）;③CRRT组中Ⅰ期患者存活率78.6%、治疗前APACHEII评分（25.4±2.5）、肾功能恢复率90.9%、APACHEII变化（-13.6±4.3）,而Ⅲ期患者上诉指标分别为38.1%、（36.1±5.7）、62.5%、（-7.1±4.2）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论运用AKI的RIFLE诊断标准结合APACHEⅡ评分选择合适的治疗时机,采用CRRT是防治脓毒症导致急性肾损伤的有效手段。     

RIFLE评分评价妊娠并发急性肾损伤的发生和预后

目的采用RIFLE评分评价重症监护室(ICU)收治的重症孕产妇妊娠并发急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生情况及临床预后情况。方法采用回顾性分析的方法研究2009年6月至2012年6月三年间南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院ICU收治重症孕产妇的临床资料。采用2004年急性透析质量指导组(ADQI)推荐诊断标准,将入组患者分为非妊娠并发AKI组及妊娠并发AKI组,AKI组组内按RIFLE评分的分期标准分为严重程度不同的"风险期(R)"、"损伤期(I)"、"衰竭期(F)",比较各期患者住院期间急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、肾功能转归、需要肾脏替代治疗例数、住ICU和住院时间及死亡率等指标。结果 3年内共有81例重症孕产妇收住ICU,妊娠并发AKI的发生率为23.5%(19/81),其中10例患者需要肾脏替代治疗,转出ICU时11例患者肾功能完全恢复,4例患者肾功能部分恢复,4例患者肾功能未恢复。根据RIFLE评分的分期标准对妊娠并发AKI患者分组,其中7例符合R期,6例符合Ⅰ期,6例符合F期。R期患者中无发展到F期,Ⅰ期患者中1例发展到F期。F期患者APACHEⅡ评分[(14.5±6.72)分]明显高于R期患者[(6.86±2.79)分](P=0.008),三亚组组间肾功能转归(完全恢复、部分恢复、未恢复)有显著性差异(P=0.026),F期患者住ICU时间[(10.17±5.81)d]较R期[(4.00±4.12)d]患者明显延长(P=0.039)。结论危重孕产妇发生妊娠并发AKI的概率较高,RIFLE评分的不同分期与患者APACHEⅡ评分、肾功能转归及住ICU时间均有关。     

腹膜透析治疗时机对儿童体外循环术后并发急性肾损伤疗效的影响

目的 探讨以RIFLE标准衡量腹膜透析(PD)治疗儿童体外循环术后并发急性肾损伤(AKI)的治疗时机及其对预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析成都军区总医院自2006年以来行PD治疗的46例体外循环术后并发AKI的患儿(年龄＜14岁),采用RIFLE标准,分A组(AKII期)、B组(AKIⅡ期)、C组(AKIⅢ期),以AKI分期作为PD治疗的时机,对比分析各组的平均ICU住院时间、平均机械通气时间、平均PD总液量及平均PD治疗时间,并将PD治疗前和治疗48 h后的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血浆IL-6、氧合指数、血浆肌酐(Cr)、平均动脉压等结果进行比较.组间均数比较采用方差分析,治疗前后均数比较采用配对t检验,以P ＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 C组PD治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血浆IL-6均明显高于A、B两组(P＜0.01);A、B两组PD治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但B组PD治疗前血浆IL-6和平均ICU住院时间、平均机械通气时间、平均PD总液量、平均PD治疗时间明显高于或长于A组(P＜0.01).C组PD治疗48 h后APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血浆IL-6、氧合指数、Cr、平均动脉压均无明显改善(P＞0.05),A、B两组PD治疗48 h后APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血浆IL-6、氧合指数、Cr、平均动脉压均明显改善(P＜0.05),但B组IL-6仍高于A组(P＜0.01).结论 早期(AKI Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期)行PD可改善儿童体外循环术后并发AKI的病情,而AKI Ⅰ期行PD的疗效更好;RIFLE标准和IL-6对判断病情有指导意义.     

不同血液净化方法对脓毒症性急性肾损伤的预后影响

目的 探讨运用急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的RIFLE(Risk,Injury,Failure,Loss,and End-stage kidnev disease)分层诊断标准和急性生理与慢性健康状况评分(APACHE)Ⅱ分析脓毒症性急性肾损伤采取不同血液净化方式对患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2004年3月至2006年9月收住于天津市天和医院ICU的96例脓毒症性急性肾损伤的患者;纳人标准:2001年国际脓毒症定义会议的诊断标准和2004年急性肾损伤的RIFLE分层诊断标准.依据血液净化方式分为持续性肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)组(54例)和间歇性血液透析(intermittent hemodialysis,IHD)组(42例),CRRT组参照RIFLE标准分为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期;临床资料采用Excel建立数据库,SPSS11.5医学统计软件包进行数据分析,评价患者进人ICU即刻、48 h、急性期末次血液净化结束后24 h的生命体征、实验室指标、APACHE Ⅱ评分动态变化和患者的不同预后.两组资料的比较采用成组t检验,治疗前后的比较采用配对t检验,率的比较采用χ2检验.结果 ①CRRT组与IHD组治疗前APACHE Ⅱ评分、血肌酐(Cr)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),病死率分别为51.9%和52.4%(P>0.05),肾功能恢复率分别为92.3%与65.0%(P<0.05);②CRRT组患者平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)和血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation,SpO2)较IHD组低(P<0.05),治疗后MAP、SpO2有所上升(P<0.05);③CRRT组中Ⅰ期患者存活率78.6%、治疗前APACHEⅡ评分(25.4±2.5)、肾功能恢复率90.9%,APACHE Ⅱ变化(-13.6±4.3);而Ⅲ期患者上诉指标分别为38.1%,(36.1±5.7).62.5%,(-7.1±4.2),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 RIFLE标准对AKI早期诊断和判断预后有指导意义,运用AKI的RIFLE标准结合APACHEⅡ评分选择治疗时机,早期采取CRRT能改善脓毒症性急性肾损伤患者的预后.     

不同急性肾损伤分期的MODS患者连续肾脏替代治疗预后分析

目的探讨RIFLE标准的急性肾损伤(AKI)分期与连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)的多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者预后的关系。方法回顾性分析第四军医大学西京医院肾脏病科2004年以来行连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗的240例MODS患者,按RIFLE标准分为AKIⅠ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期,对比分析不同AKI分期患者的医院死亡率和器官衰竭数,并将CVVH治疗前和治疗24h后的APACHEII评分、SOFA评分、平均动脉压(MAP)、氧合指数、血尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(Scr)等指标进行比较。结果①全部患者死亡率为38.75%,AKIⅢ期患者医院死亡率高于AKIⅠ期和Ⅱ期患者(P<0.05)。②随着AKI分期的加重,患者器官衰竭数增加(P=0.001)。发生脏器衰竭≥4个的患者医院死亡率明显高于脏器衰竭数≤3个的患者,(75.5%vs13.4%,P<0.05)。③CVVH治疗24h后,患者MAP、氧合指数、BUN和Scr均明显改善;APACHE II评分和SOFA评分在AKII期和II期患者显著降低,在AKI III期患者中则变化无显著性。结论CVVH是防治MODS合并重症ARF患者的有效手段,RILFE标准对AKI早期诊断和判断预后有指导意义。必须强调CVVH时机的选择,早期(AKIⅠ期和Ⅱ期)行CVVH可以明显改善MODS患者的预后。     

急性肾损伤的RIFLE标准在危重病患者中的临床应用

目的 使用急性肾损伤(AKI)RIFLE分级标准评估危蓖患者AKI的发生率和住院病死率.方法 回顾性分析2004-07-01～2006-12-31入住ICU的739例患者资料,包括患者性别、年龄、基础疾病、APACHEⅡ评分等,并按照RIFLE分级标准将患者分为四组:即肾功能正常组、RIFLE-R组、RIFLE-I组和RIFLE-F组,比较四组患者的APACHEⅡ评分、住院病死率及ICU入住时间.结果 AKI在ICU患者的发生率是15.2%,R、I、F级发生率分别是6.2%、4.2%、4.7%,其中R级患者60例中14例(23.3%)发展为I级或F级,I级患者39例中8例(20.5%)发展为F级.住院期间达最大RIFLE分级R、I、F级的患者病死率分别是45.7%、64.5%、62.9%,而没有发生AKI的患者病死率是19.3%,RIFLE分级越高,APACHEⅡ评分越高,ICU入住时间越长.结论 RIFLE分级R级患者有着进展为I或F级的高危险性.与未发生AKI的患者比较,AKI患者有着更高的APACHE Ⅱ评分,更长的住院时间和更高的住院病死率.     

危重病评分及急性肾损伤分期在行连续性肾脏替代治疗的急性肾损伤患者预后中的应用价值

目的 探讨急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,APACHE)Ⅱ、多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)评分、序贯性脏器衰竭评分(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)3种危重病评分系统和急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)分期在行连续性肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)的AKI患者中对预后的判断价值.方法 以2006年1月至2010年12月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)及急诊重症监护病房(emergency intensire care unit,EICU)行CRRT治疗的AKI患者为研究对象,在入ICU、开始CRRT时分别进行APACHE Ⅱ、MODS、SOFA评分和AKl分期,并用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristiC,ROC)曲线进行预后分析.结果 共收集患者117例,117例患者存活45例,死亡72例,总病死率为61.5%.剔除肾脏替代治疗作为AKI分期标准,有25例AKI 3期的患者在CRRT时分别纳入AKI 1期和2期.APACHE ⅡCRRT、MODSCRRT、SOFACRRT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.901、0.851、0.885(P＜0.001),而AKICRRT的ROC曲线下面积为0.617(P=0.034).结论 APACHE Ⅱ、MODS及SOFA评分系统对行CRRT的AKI患者预后的判断价值较高,而AKI分期则意义不大.     

不同血液净化方式治疗心脏手术后急性肾衰竭的疗效比较研究

目的探讨连续性血液净化(CBP)、间歇性血液透析(IHD)、腹膜透析(PD)治疗心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的疗效及预后差别.方法回顾性分析1990年12月～2003年12月我院心脏手术后发生ARF需要血液净化治疗的患者148例,其中43例给予CBP治疗,77例接受IHD治疗,28例接受PD治疗,对比分析各组患者的临床资料、疗效和预后.结果 CBP组26例(60.5%)死亡,17例(39.5%)存活, IHD组50例(64.9%)死亡,27例(35.1%)存活,PD组17例(60.7%)死亡,11例(39.3%)存活,各组无差异,但CBP组病情明显重于IHD组和PD组:患者年龄更大,平均动脉压低,APACHEⅡ积分高,衰竭器官数目多,需要机械通气和升压药物的患者数高于IHD组(P<0.01)及PD组(P<0.05),CBP组中存活者平均APACHEⅡ积分与IHD组及PD组死亡者相似.结论 CBP治疗心脏手术后ARF的疗效优于IHD及PD,能明显改善ARF的预后.     

危重病评分系统预测急性肾损伤患者预后优于RIFLE分级

目的评价并比较序贯性脏器衰竭评分(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,APACHE)Ⅱ、简明急性生理学评分(simplified acute physiology score,SAPS)Ⅱ和Liano评分4种危重病评分系统及RIFLE标准对急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)患者的预后评估价值。方法本研究为前瞻性、单中心研究,收集2008年12月到2009年11月复旦大学附属华山医院各种病因引起的AKI患者。AKI的诊断标准为RIFLE的肌酐标准,除外肾后性、肾小球性、肾血管性和间质性肾炎等引起的急性损伤。研究的主要终点是28d死亡率。比较存活组和死亡组的RIFLE分级、SOFA、APACHEⅡ、SAPSⅡ和Liano评分,并进行各种评分系统对死亡的ROC曲线分析,同时将4种评分方法根据RIFLE分级进行分层分析。结果共入选194例符合入选标准的AKI患者。存活组和死亡组的RIFLE分级、AKI病因、是否需要透析差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。死亡组的机械通气比例、SOFA、APACHEⅡ、SAPSⅡ和Liano评分显著高于存活组(P0.001)。SOFA、APACHEⅡ、SAPSⅡ和Liano评分预测死亡的受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线下面积分别为0.900、0.885、0.888、0.875(均P0.001),而RIFLE的ROC曲线下面积为0.566(P0.05)。按AKI的RIFLE级别进行分层分析时发现,4个评分方法在衰竭组(Fc)ROC曲线下面积最大,其中又以Liano评分最高。结论 RIFLE分级对AKI患者的预后无明显的判断价值,而危重病评分包括SOFA、APACHEⅡ、SAPSⅡ和Liano评分对AKI的预后具有良好的预测价值。     

连续性血液滤过合用乌司他丁治疗多脏器功能不全综合征

目的 观察连续性血液滤过（CVVH）和乌司他丁（UT）治疗多脏器功能不全综合征（MODS）的疗效。方法 39例MODS患者随机分为组Ⅰ（20例）和组Ⅱ（19例），在常规治疗的基础上，分别予CVVH＋UT和CVVH治疗5d，观察两组的临床表现、病死率、ICU住院天数、APACHEⅡ评分和检测血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）的变化。结果 两组的临床表现及死亡率无显著差别，但在肾功能恢复和ICU平均住院天数上组Ⅰ显著优于组Ⅱ（P〈0．05）；CVVH治疗可使APACHEⅡ评分、CRP、IL-6和TNF—α显著下降（P〈0．01）；停止CVVH后组Ⅱ上述指标显著升高（P〈0.05），组Ⅰ上升则不显著。结论 CVVH能很好地清除MODS患者的炎症因子。改善临床症状；CVVH结束后出现反复。CVVH结束时加用UT能减轻这种反复，促进肾功能恢复。缩短ICU住院天数。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.