肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的提高肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断水平。方法收集经手术病理证实的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤20例,共21个病灶。全部病例均经CT平扫及增强扫描;结合有关文献并回顾分析其CT征象。结果瘤体通常较大,多大于5cm,呈圆形或类圆形,中等密度,常伴有囊变、坏死、出血,肿瘤强化明显。结论肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT征象有一定的特征,结合临床资料多可明确诊断。     

良恶性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨良恶性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的66例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT表现。结果本组66例共73枚病灶中,位于右侧肾上腺23例,左侧肾上腺36例,双侧肾上腺7例共14枚。良性嗜铬细胞瘤57例共64枚,平均直径4.3cm,其中圆形或卵圆形52枚,形态不规则12枚,瘤体内坏死54枚,无坏死10枚,瘤体内钙化3枚。恶性嗜铬细胞瘤9例共9枚,平均直径7.6cm,形态呈圆形或卵圆形4枚,不规则形5枚,9枚瘤体均发生坏死及包膜浸润,瘤体内钙化1枚,5例周围淋巴结转移,1例肺部转移,1例肾脏浸润。増强后66例瘤体实质成分明显强化,部分延迟扫描进一步强化。结论肾上腺区瘤体的大小、形态、坏死、周围浸润及转移、强化方式对肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤良恶性的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

肾上腺肿瘤的螺旋CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：总结肾上腺肿瘤的CT表现及特征,评价螺旋CT对肾上腺肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的各类肾上腺肿瘤的CT征象,提出诊断与鉴别诊断要求。结果：皮质腺瘤14例,大小、密度中等;皮质腺癌4例,肿块较大不规则,密度不均匀,中心有低密度坏死;嗜铬细胞瘤9例,单侧瘤体较大,平扫密度不均匀,实质部分强化明显;髓质脂肪瘤3例,低密度的脂肪显示是其特征性CT表现;转移瘤5例,多为肺癌转移,肿块呈圆形或不规则形,密度不均匀,中等强化;肾上腺囊肿1例,凹值低而均匀,壁薄规则。结论：肾上腺肿瘤CT表现有一定的特征性,认真分析,结合临床及生化检查,可对其作出定性诊断。     

副神经节瘤的影像学诊断(附31例分析)

目的：旨在提高副神经节瘤的诊断水平。方法：收集经手术病理证实的副神经节瘤37例，共43个病灶，其中32个病灶为肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞瘤，10个病灶为肾上腺外副神经节瘤，1个颈部副神经节瘤。36例行CT检查，21例行MRI检查。回顾性分析其CT或MRI征象。结果：肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞瘤与肾上腺外副神经节瘤肿瘤常大于5．0cm，易发生出血、坏死和囊变。CT表现为中等密渡，MRI表现为T1WI呈类似于肝组织的信号强度，T2WI高于肝组织的信号强度，增强扫描有明显强化。1例颈部副神经节瘤位于颈总动脉分叉处，密度均匀，无坏死囊变，其强化特征是强化程度与颈部血管接近。结论：副神经节瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征，结合临床表现多可明确诊断。     

多发嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断价值

目的:分析多发嗜铬细胞瘤的影像学表现及动态增强特征,以提高其诊断准确性。方法:经手术病理证实的多发嗜铬细胞瘤9例,其中双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤7例,Von Hippel-Lindau病1例,腹膜后副神经节瘤并膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤1例。术前经螺旋CT和多层螺旋CT平扫、动脉期(30s)和门脉期(70～80s)扫描。对比剂采用欧乃派克或优维显,注射流率3ml/s。仔细复习CT扫描结果并与手术病理作回顾性对照分析。结果:9例嗜铬细胞瘤共18个病灶中,双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤7例,双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤并胰腺神经内分泌瘤和肾细胞肾癌1例(Von Hippel-Lindau病),腹膜后副神经节瘤并膀胱恶性嗜铬细胞瘤1例。良性病灶13个,恶性病灶5个。肿瘤呈圆形或椭圆形15个,不规则形3个。直径3.2～13.7cm,平均5.6cm。病灶直径<5.0cm3个,5.0～10.0cm13个,>10cm2个。肿瘤实质成分平扫CT值为34.2～53.0HU,平均42.7HU;动脉期CT值63.7～91.5HU,平均80.7HU;门脉期CT值75.1～126.4HU,平均98.1HU。8例双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤16个病灶中,6例两侧病灶大小、形态、密度、动态增强强化程度和强化方式相仿,2例两侧大小不同,坏死、囊变不同,但动态增强强化程度和强化方式相仿。结论:多发嗜铬细胞瘤包括双侧肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤、副神经节瘤和脏器嗜铬细胞瘤,多位于双侧肾上腺,CT表现与肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤相仿,同一病例不同肿瘤的大小、形态、坏死囊变、动态增强强化方式和强化程度相仿,少数肿瘤大小不同,坏死囊变存在差异。     

螺旋CT双期扫描诊断嗜铬细胞瘤的价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT(SCT)双期扫描诊断嗜铬细胞瘤的影像价值.方法 搜集经手术和病理证实的 19 例嗜铬细胞瘤患者术前SCT平扫、双期扫描影像资料.结果 18/19例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤为单侧发病,发生肾上腺15例,肾上腺外4例.肿块较大,瘤界较清晰,16例出现坏死和囊变,1例出现钙化.增强双期扫描肿瘤实体部分明显强化.结论 SCT双期扫描肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的定位和定性诊断有重要价值.     

嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨嗜铬细胞瘤的CT表现,提高CT诊断的准确性。方法:搜集经手术和病理证实的17例嗜铬细胞瘤患者的资料,所有病例术前均作超声、CT检查。结果:瘤体呈较大(平均瘤径6.1cm)的类圆形肿块,瘤界清晰,平扫密度多不均匀,10例出现坏死和囊变,肿瘤实体部分多明显强化。结论:嗜铬细胞瘤CT表现具有一定特征,CT可清楚显示肿瘤的部位、形态、大小、瘤内成份及与周围结构的关系,结合临床表现多可明确诊断。     

嗜铬细胞瘤的CT、MR诊断价值分析

目的探讨嗜铬细胞瘤的CT、MR诊断价值。方法收集6例经手术病理证实的嗜铬细胞瘤临床资料,术前均行CT、MRI扫描,回顾性分析其CT、MR征象。结果 6例均位于肾上腺区,无位于肾上腺外异位嗜铬细胞瘤,1例恶性嗜铬细胞瘤。嗜铬细胞瘤呈较大的类圆形或不规则形肿块,CT平扫呈软组织密度,T1WI信号强度类似肝实质,T2WI信号较高,肿瘤实体部分多明显强化,易发生坏死、囊变。结论嗜铬细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现具有一定特征,CT、MRI检查可较好地显示肿瘤部位、形态、大小、与周围结构的关系,结合临床表现多可明确诊断。     

腹膜后肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的MDCT诊断

目的分析腹膜后肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤多层螺旋CT的影像表现。方法回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实的腹膜后肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的CT影像资料,全部病例术前均行多层螺旋CT平扫及双期CT增强扫描,测量CT值变化并行统计学分析。结果 11例均为单发肿块,全部位于腹主动脉周围,腹主动脉左侧9例(81.82%,9/11),腹主动脉右侧1例(9.09%,1/11),腹主动脉前方邻近肠系膜血管1例(9.09%,1/11);CT平扫表现为境界清楚的圆形或椭圆形肿块10例(90.9%,10/11),1例呈轻度分叶状,肿块直径3cm～10cm,平均5.1cm,瘤体密度欠均匀,伴有不规则囊变和坏死。静脉注射非离子型碘对比剂增强后11例病灶均呈明显不均匀强化,内部有无强化低密度囊变区。分析肿块平扫与双期增强的CT值差异有统计学意义。结论肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤常位于腹主动脉旁,无临床症状。CT增强显示腹主动脉旁孤立类圆形富血供软组织肿块并囊变,应高度警惕嗜铬细胞瘤的可能,提示外科做进一步检查和充分的术前准备。     

64层螺旋CT诊断肾上腺囊性病变

目的探讨肾上腺囊性病变的 CT 表现特点,提高其诊断准确性.资料与方法经手术病理证实31例的肾上腺囊性病变患者,术前均行64层螺旋 CT 平扫加增强扫描,层厚2.5mm,并行0.625mm 薄层重建及多平面重组,分析肾上腺囊性病变的 CT 表现.结果31例肾上腺囊性病变中,肾上腺上皮性囊肿5例,肾上腺淋巴管囊肿3例,肾上腺血肿4例,肾上腺化脓性炎性假囊肿1例,肾上腺皮质腺瘤囊性变4例,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤囊性变10例,肾上腺节细胞神经瘤2例,肾上腺神经鞘瘤囊性变1例,肾上腺转移瘤囊性变1例(原发肿瘤为肺癌).64层螺旋 CT 上囊性病变的形态、密度、囊壁厚度、有无壁结节、强化特点可以鉴别肿瘤性和非肿瘤性囊肿、良性和恶性肿瘤囊性变.结论肾上腺囊性病变的64层螺旋 CT 特征不同,有助于明确诊断.     

嗜铬细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨CT对嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断价值. 资料与方法 分析经手术病理证实的嗜铬细胞瘤20例CT征象. 结果 嗜铬细胞瘤多是单侧发病(19/20),发生于肾上腺者16例,异位者4例.肿块较大,边界清楚,多为类圆形或椭圆形(19例).肿块内密度多不均,出血、坏死常见(10/17),钙化较少见,增强扫描可见病变实质不均匀强化. 结论 CT不但能发现较小的肿瘤,还可以定位诊断,以及显示肿瘤与周围组织结构、血管的关系,有助于手术方案的选择和术后随访.     

肺癌伴发肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床及CT表现

目的：探讨肺癌伴发的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的CT表现,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的肺癌伴发肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床及CT表现。结果：6例肺部肿块均为周围型肺癌,3例合并有其他肺部慢性病变。肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤6例均为单侧发生,1例有与嗜铬细胞瘤相关的内分泌症状,5例为无功能性肿瘤。肿瘤CT表现：类圆形肿块6个,呈分叶状2个;5例坏死、囊变;2例见液-液平;肿瘤长径2.5～14.0cm,平均约8.3cm;3例富血供,3例中等程度血供。结论：肺癌伴发的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤多为无功能性肿瘤,其较为特征性的CT表现是富血供、液-液平面及坏死囊变。     

Low-density pheochromocytoma on CT: a mimicker of adrenal adenoma

OBJECTIVE: Attenuation values on CT of less than 10 H are considered characteristic of adrenal adenomas. Adrenal pheochromocytomas can infrequently contain fat that could result in low attenuation on CT. The purpose of our study was to determine if pheochromocytomas could be confused with adenomas by virtue of their attenuation values on unenhanced CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT attenuation and size of nine adrenal nodules producing pheochromocytoma syndrome were measured on unenhanced CT in nine patients. For five patients who received IV contrast material, washout profiles were also calculated. RESULTS: Two of the nine patients had adrenal lesions with attenuation values of less than 10 H; one had a pheochromocytoma with an attentuation of 9.0 H, and the other had a medullary hyperplasia with an attenuation of 1.8 H. These two nodules showed evidence of microscopic fat at histologic examination. No macroscopic fat was seen on the CT scans. The remaining seven patients had lesions with attenuation values exceeding 10 H (mean value, 25.6 H; range, 1.8-41 H). Mean diameter of the nine tumors (including the hyperplastic nodule) was 3.2 cm (range, 0.8-6.7 cm; SD, +/- 2.3 cm). The two low-attenuation lesions also mimicked adenomas by displaying more than 60% contrast washout on 10-min-delayed contrast-enhanced scans, unlike the other three pheochromocytomas for which we had washout data. CONCLUSION: On CT, pheochromocytomas may have attenuation values less than 10 H and also may display more than 60% washout of contrast agents on delayed scanning. Adrenal pheochromocytomas should be included with adenomas in the differential diagnosis both for masses with low attenuation on unenhanced CT and for lesions exhibiting a high percentage of contrast washout.     

Primary diagnosis of multiple pheochromocytomas in the brother of a MEN-2 patient by simultaneous MIBG scintigraphy and low-dose computed tomography

Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy is a well-established functional imaging method for localizing pheochromocytomas. However, the morphologic information revealed on the scintigram is often too sparse and thus, accordingly, supplemental computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging are often performed. Recently, gamma cameras with built-in low-dose CT were introduced. The authors describe a patient with a high likelihood of pheochromocytoma who had simultaneous MIBG scintigraphy and low-dose CT performed as the primary examinations. The scan revealed pheochromocytomas in both adrenal glands and one extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma located in the liver. The combined imaging ensured the final diagnosis without any need for further imaging. Based on the findings of this case, the authors believe that combined MIBG scintigraphy and low-dose CT is a promising future single imaging technique for pheochromocytomas.     

CT of pheochromocytoma

The computed tomographic (CT) findings in 10 patients with pheochromocytoma are presented. Three of 10 patients had multiple endocrine adenomatosis, all with bilateral adrenal masses. One other patient had bilateral adrenal masses, four had right, and one had left sided adrenal masses. One tumor was extraadrenal. CT, when used as the initial imaging study, correctly identified nine of nine pheochromocytomas in six patients. In another four patients, recurrent or metastatic disease was identified. CT findings of use in diagnosis were mass lesions, some with areas of decreased attenuation indicating hemorrhage, and metastases identified in liver, mediastinum, lung, and spine. CT differentiation of benign from malignant lesions is facilitated by demonstration of local invasion or metastasis. CT is recommended as the initial radiographic procedure in the evaluation of patients with clinical or biochemical suspicion of pheochromocytoma, and for follow-up examination in patients with evidence of recurrent disease.     

MR demonstration of a cystic pheochromocytoma

Cystic pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal gland that can pose a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a 14 year-old boy who had an adrenal lesion that appeared cystic by both sonography and CT, but that demonstrated hemorrhage into the lesion at MR Imaging, and proved to be a cystic pheochromocytoma. We emphasize the importance of considering the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma when faced with a cystic lesion of the adrenal gland.     

肾上腺囊性淋巴管瘤的CT诊断

目的 分析肾上腺囊性淋巴管瘤的CT特征. 资料与方法 回顾性分析了4例经手术病理证实的肾上腺囊性淋巴管瘤的CT表现,包括大小、形态、边界、构成、密度、钙化、间隔和增强方式. 结果 肾上腺囊性淋巴管瘤形态不规则;呈多囊结构,由许多大小不等的囊肿组成;间隔多且均匀一致,强化后明显;瘤体密度值偏高,无强化;钙化率高,局限于瘤壁和间隔. 结论 肾上腺囊性淋巴管瘤在形态、构成、间隔、钙化和密度等方面均有一定的特异性.应用多层螺旋CT增强扫描并进行三维重组有助于发现肾上腺囊性淋巴管瘤的CT特征并确立诊断.