人外周血树突状细胞体外培养与扩增的研究进展

树突状细胞是机体内功能最强的抗原递呈细胞，目前其已成为肿瘤生物治疗的热点。如何激活树突状细胞和得到大量树突状细胞是以树突状细胞为基础的肿瘤主动免疫治疗的关键所在。近来树突状细胞的体外培养扩增技术日益成熟，但仍存在树突状细胞大量扩增方法的最优化和树突状细胞的异质性问题。本文介绍了树突状细胞的生物学特性、体外培养方法，体外扩增及其影响因素。     

老年胃癌患者外周血树突细胞功能

目的探讨树突细胞(DCs)在胃癌疾病的发病机制。方法健康对照者与老年胃癌患者各50例,收集外周血,体外给予10 ng/ml巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)及白细胞介素(IL)-4的血清培养液培养,第7天DCs收集细胞及上清,运用流式细胞技术检测DCs表型表达,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法检测细胞上清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、IL-12含量变化,同种混合淋巴细胞反应检测DCs刺激淋巴细胞增殖和分化的能力。结果与对照组相比,胃癌组外周血DCs表面表达的CD80、CD86、CD40及主要组织相容性(MHC)Ⅱ数量明显低(P0.05);DCs分泌的TNF-α、IL-12明显低(P0.05);DCs吞噬能力明显增加(P0.05);DCs刺激淋巴细胞增殖及分化能力明显低(P0.05)。结论老年胃癌患者外周血DCs呈现未成熟状态,提示DCs与胃癌疾病具有很大的相关性。     

树突细胞与乙型肝炎病毒感染

树突状细胞(Dendritic Cells,DC)由美国学者Steinman及cohn于1973年发现,是体内重要的一类抗原递呈细胞(Antigen—presenting cells,APC),其共同的生物学特性是细胞表面有许多树枝状突起,胞内具有丰富的线粒体,与巨噬细胞、B细胞抗原递呈功能不同,只有DC能够刺激初始型T细胞(Naive T cells)使之分化、激活,后者影响机体的细胞和体液免疫系统,因此,DC被认为是机体免疫反应的始动者。     

直肠癌患者外周血单核细胞诱导为树突细胞

目的 用直肠癌患者外周血单核细胞通过体外培养的方法诱导为成熟树突细胞.方法 CS-3000血细胞分离机采集直肠癌患者外周血单核细胞悬液,Ficoll分离单个核细胞,用含10%FBS的RPMI-1640培养基培养,第0天加入GM-CSF 1 000 U/ml、IL-4 500 U/ml,第4天2/3量换液,补足GM-CSF、白介素(IL)-4,并加入肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α 500 U/ml诱导其成熟,以后每隔3天2/3量换液.结果 培养至第11天,收集培养的1×105～2×105个树突细胞经流式细胞仪检测表达CD83+(52.9±5.8)%,CD86+(79.2±8.1)%,HLA-DR(65.8±5.7)%,CD1a(51.3±6.4)%,及CD+14(4.72±2.16)%.结论 直肠癌患者外周血单核细胞经GM-CSF、IL-4及TNF-α联合培养能诱导出成熟树突细胞.为直肠癌的免疫治疗提供了临床应用基础.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血Tac细胞的研究

在PHA(植物血凝素)及TPA(佛波酯)刺激下测定各型慢性乙型肝炎患者及15例健康献血员外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的Tac细胞频数,结果发现慢重肝及慢活肝的Tac细胞频数较正常显著降低(P<0.001,P<0.01),慢迁肝的Tac细胞频数与正常组比较无差异(P>0.05)。结果提示Tac细胞的频数与慢活肝及慢重肝病变的活动程度有关。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血树突状细胞功能的研究

目的研究慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血树突状细胞(DC)的免疫功能.方法从慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中分离单个核细胞,用无血清培养法分离培养DC,用流式细胞仪检测DC表型,用液闪计数仪观察DC对T细胞的增殖作用,用ELISA法检测混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)中细胞因子的分泌水平.结果患者组DC的CD86的表达率为(70.2±5.2)%,明显低于正常人组(95.3±3.8)%,P＜0.01;其诱导T细胞增殖能力每分钟液闪计数cpm为10000±2000,明显低于正常人组(cpm为30000±3000),P＜0.01患者MLR中IL-12为(120.0±19.7)pg/ml,γ-干扰素为(799.0±161.3)pg/m1,明显低于正常人组的(280.0±41.1)pg/ml和(3359.0±635.4)pg/ml,P＜0.01.结论慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血DC免疫功能低下,并与DC表面CD86的表达率下降及DC分泌IL-12减少密切相关.     

胸腺肽α1对慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血树突状细胞调节作用的体外研究

背景：近年研究显示慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者体内树突状细胞（DC）存在不同程度的功能缺失。胸腺肽α1（T-α1）是一种生物学应答调节物质,对CHB的临床治疗有较好疗效。目的：研究T-α1对CHB患者外周血DC分化和功能成熟的影响,寻求改善DC功能的途径。方法：从12例CHB患者和10名健康志愿者的外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中分离培养DC。培养过程中应用不同浓度T-α1干预DC。以流式细胞仪检测DC表面标志,以甲基噻唑基四唑（MTT）实验检测混合淋巴细胞反应中DC刺激T细胞增殖的能力。结果：从PBMC分离培养得到的外周血DC呈现典型树突状形态。CHB组DC表面标记物CD80、CD86、人白细胞位点DR抗原（HLA-DR）水平以及刺激T细胞增殖的能力显著低于正常对照组（P〈0.001）;经T-α1干预后,两组上述指标均较相应空白对照升高,尤以0.5μg/mlT-α1的作用为著（P〈0.05）,可使CHB组上述指标恢复至正常水平。结论：T-α1能促进CHB患者外周血DC分化和功能成熟,在CHBDC疫苗的研究中可能具有重要价值。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血Th17细胞检测及意义

目的探讨辅助性T细胞17（Th17）在慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）发生、发展中的作用。方法采用流式细胞术检测37例CHB患者（CHB组）和35例查体健康者（对照组）外周血Th17细胞比例;采用全自动生化分析仪测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平;分析Th17细胞比例与血清ALT水平的相关性。结果 CHB组外周血Th17细胞比例明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,Th17细胞比例与血清ALT水平呈显著正相关。结论 Th17细胞与CHB肝脏损伤程度有关。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血树突状细胞的成熟度研究

目的：研究慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者外周血树突状细胞（DC）的成熟度及其占单核细胞的比例,探讨CHB患者DC免疫治疗的机制。方法选取20例CHB患者和10例健康人,分别采集外周抗凝全血2 mL,流式细胞仪检测DC表面CD80、CD86、CD83的表达量及单核细胞表面CD14的表达。结果两组DC表面CD80、CD86、CD83分子表达无差异（P＞0．05）;CHB组较健康对照组单核细胞表面分子 CD14表达明显增多,具显著统计学差异（P＜0．05）;CHB组CD80、CD86、CD83三者表达之和占CD14的比例明显高于CHB组,两者有显著统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论CHB患者外周血存在单核细胞增多、成熟DC减少现象,恢复DC功能是治疗CHB的手段之一。     

乙型肝炎患者外周血树突状细胞的培养及表型分析

树突状细胞（dendritic cells，DC）是已知体内功能最强及唯一能活化静息T细胞的专职抗原递呈细胞,并且在增强或调节细胞介导的免疫反应中起管决定性作用．在CHB患者中不仅DC的表型不成熟并且存在着功能的缺失，树突状细胞这种功能改变及数量变化与乙型肝炎患者针对HBV特异的CTL反应下降有密切关系。     

miR-197 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients

Background/Aims

This study aimed to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients with different clinical manifestations and to analyze the function of miR-197.

Methods

PBMC miRNA expression profiles in 51 healthy controls, 70 chronic asymptomatic carriers, 107 chronic hepatitis B patients, and 76 HBV-related acute on chronic liver failure patients were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). miR-197 mimic and inhibitor were transfected in THP-1 cells. qRT-PCR and ELISA for interleukin (IL)-18 mRNA and protein levels were performed, respectively.

Results

The microarray analysis revealed that 17 PBMC miRNA expression profiles (12 miRNAs downregulated and five miRNAs upregulated) differed significantly in HBV-induced liver disease patients presenting with various symptoms. The qRT-PCR results suggested that the PBMC miR-197 levels regularly decreased as the severity of liver disease symptoms became aggravated. IL-18, a key regulator in inflammation and immunity, was inversely correlated with miR-197 levels. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that IL-18 was a target of miR-197. Exogenous expression of miR-197 could significantly repress IL-18 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 cells.

Conclusions

We concluded that multiple PBMC miRNAs had differential expression profiles during HBV infection and that miR-197 may play an important role in the reactivation of liver inflammation by targeting IL-18.     

乙型肝炎患者树突状细胞内HBV DNA存在状况的研究

目的:研究慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血培养的树突状细胞(DC)内乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBV DNA)存在状况,分析HBV DNA与DC功能下降的内在联系.方法:从慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中分离单个核细胞,在含rhGM-CSF,rhIL-4的培养基中诱导培养为DC,用流式细胞仪检测乙肝患者DC的表型变化,用流式细胞仪分选出树突状细胞,应用PCR技术检测DC内HBV DNA存在状况.结果:①表达于慢性乙型肝炎患者DC表面的共刺激分子(B7-1,B7-2,CD1α)及MHC-Ⅱ类分子(HLA-DR)的水平明显降低.②树突状细胞内HBV DNA检测结果阳性.结论:乙型肝炎患者树突状细胞内存在HBV DNA感染,慢性乙型肝炎患者树突状细胞与正常人相比,表型表达降低.     

52例慢性乙型肝炎 HBV 前C区基因突变研究

本文采用多聚酶链反应－－单链构象多态分析（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）银染技术检测了５２例ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性慢性乙型肝炎口才的ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区基因突变。结果有前Ｃ区突变株感染３２例,突变株检出率为６１．５％;突变株的检出以慢性下肝炎最高,其次是慢性乙肝重度、中度口才慢性乙肝轻度患者量低;抗－ＨＢｅ阳性２１前Ｃ区突变株检出率高于ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性患者。表明ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区突变与病情轻重及ｅ系统血清标志有关。     

乙肝患者外周血单个核细胞中乙肝病毒复制中间体RNA与乙肝病毒DNA相关性的研究

采用逆转录－多聚酶链反应（RT－PCR）技术检测乙肝患者外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）乙肝病毒复制中间体RNA（HBV RNA）,60例乙肝患者5例PBMCs中HBV RNA阳性,26例PBMCs中HBV DNA阳性,27例血清HBVDNA阳性;PBMCs HBVDNA 阳性患者中有4例PBMCs HBV RNA阳性,血清HBV DNA阳性患者中有3例PBMCs HBVRNA阳性;17例血清HBeAg阳性患者中有4例PBMCs HBV RNA阳性。血清HBeAg、HBV DNA及PBMCs中HBV DNA阴性患者,其PBMCs HBV RNA仍可能阳性,其PBMCs可成为乙肝患者肝病复发和传播的来源。     

Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Abstract

Objective. To determine the risk factors for the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Material and methods. A total of 620 patients who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and were referred to Chiba University Hospital between February 1985 and March 2008 were included in the study and the following characteristics were analyzed: age, gender, status of hepatitis B e antigen, alanine aminotransferase level, HBV DNA level, and number of platelets (PLTs). Results. HCC was detected in 30 cases during the follow-up period (5.4 ± 5.1 years). Multivariate analysis revealed that age >?40 years [compared with patients aged <?40 years; odds ratio (OR) = 4.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.68–10.9] and PLT level <?206,000/μl (compared with patients with a higher PLT level; OR = 8.50; 95% CI = 1.98–36.2) were predictive factors for HCC occurrence. In patients aged >?40 years, the HBV DNA level (compared with <?5.0 log copies/ml; OR = 4.22, 95% CI = 1.13–15.8) and PLT level (compared with patients with >?196,000/μl PLTs; OR = 15.6, 95% CI = 2.06–118.3) were predictive factors for HCC occurrence. Conclusions. Advanced age and low PLT level were risk factors for HCC occurrence in patients with HBV infection. In patients aged >?40 years, viral load was also a risk factor for HCC.     

Hepatitis B Splice-Generated Protein Antibodies in Syrian Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: Incidence and Significance

Background:

Previous studies have suggested hepatitis B splice-generated protein (HBSP), when expressed, is involved in the pathogenesis of HBV infection.

Objectives:

We aimed to evaluate anti-HBSP incidence and association with several HBV infection parameters in a group of Syrian chronic hepatitis B patients.

Patients and Methods:

Eighty treatment-naïve HBsAg-positive adult chronic hepatitis B patients'' sera were included in our prospective targeted study. Liver function, virological and histological tests results were obtained from patients’ medical files. Three variants of a 20-mer HBSP-derived peptide were designed based on HBV genome sequences obtained from Syrian patients'' sera (GenBank Accession No. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide-range","attrs":{"text":"JN257148-JN257217","start_term":"JN257148","end_term":"JN257217","start_term_id":"364505024","end_term_id":"364505559"}}JN257148-JN257217). Microtiter plate wells were coated with the synthetic peptides and used to detect anti-HBSP antibodies by an optimized indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were considered positive when showed optical density (OD) values higher than the cut-off value for at least one peptide variant.

Results:

Seven out of eighty (9%) CHB patients were positive for anti-HBSP antibodies. Mean OD values were not significantly different between HBeAg-positive and -negative patients (P > 0.05). OD values showed weak positive correlation with ALT and AST values (P < 0.05), and weak to moderate positive correlation with liver biopsy staging ranks (P < 0.05). No significant correlation was revealed with viral load values or liver biopsy grading ranks (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

We introduced an anti-HBSP antibodies ELISA, designed for locally circulating HBV strains. Correlation observed of Anti-HBSP with liver fibrosis staging regardless of viral replication and liver inflammation suggests anti-HBSP antibodies as possible indicator for HBV-associated liver fibrosis.     

乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞内HBV DNA定量检测及其意义

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清、肝组织、外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中病毒载量的相互关系;初步明确PBMC病毒量与肝细胞损伤之间的关系.方法:50例慢性乙型肝炎患者均接受肝活检.一部分肝穿标本进行常规病理检查,另一部分用于HBV DNA定量检测.同时分离患者PBMC,用于病毒载量分析.病毒定量采用荧光定量PCR技术.同时收集患者的生化检查资料.通过SAS 8.0软件对相关数据进行统计分析.结果:PBMC中HBV DNA载量与肝组织HBV DNA载量呈中度正相关(r=0.53855,P＜0.0001);与血清病毒载量也呈正相关(r=0.48316,P=0.0006);与血清转氨酶、肝组织炎症活动度、纤维化分期无明显相关性.以PBMC病毒载量作为因变量,进行逐步回归分析.得到逐步回归方程:Y=3.71301 0.16946X(Y:PBMC病毒载量;X:肝组织病毒载量).结论:PBMC中病毒载量受肝组织病毒量的显著影响,一定程度上提示PBMC中可能存在复制型的HBV.     

Distribution of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Azerbaijani Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

Background:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into ten genotypes (A-J) based on genome sequence divergence, which is very important for etiological and clinical investigations. HBV genotypes have distinct geographical distributions worldwide.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of HBV genotypes among Azerbaijani patients with chronic hepatitis B, came from the Republic of Azerbaijan country to Iran to receive medical care.

Patients and Methods:

One hundred and three patients with chronic HBV infection, referred to hospitals related to Iran University of Medical Sciences and Tehran Hepatitis Center from August 2011 to July 2014, were enrolled in this cross sectional study. About 3-milliliter of peripheral blood was taken from each patient. After viral DNA extraction, HBV genotypes were tested using the INNO-LiPA™ HBV kit (Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium). HBV genotyping was confirmed using sequencing of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and polymerase (pol) regions of HBV.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 35.9 ± 11.7 years (19-66). Of 103 patients, 72 (69.9%) were male. In the present study, the predominant HBV genotype was D (93.2%) followed by genotype A (5.8%) and concurrent infection with A and D genotypes (0.97%).

Conclusions:

The main and frequent HBV genotype among Azerbaijani patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection was genotype D followed by genotype A.     

Quasispecies and Pre-Existing Drug-Resistant Mutations of Hepatitis B Virus in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Background/Aims

To investigate pre-existing hepatitis B virus (HBV) quasispecies and the genotypic evolution of several variants.

Methods

From six patients with lamivudine (LAM) failure, serum samples at pretreatment, 6 months of LAM therapy, and virologic breakthrough were obtained. One hundred clones with HBV inserts in each patient were sequenced at each time point. Pretreatment serum samples were also analyzed from six patients who achieved good responses to LAM therapy.

Results

Among the six patients with LAM failure, the analysis of 100 clones from patient 1 revealed the substitutions L180M in 1% of clones and V173L in 2% of clones. Patient 2 had substitutions of L80V, W153Q, and L180M. In patient 3, mutations conferring resistance to adefovir at V84I (5%), I169L (1%), and N236H (7%) and entecavir at S202G (2%) were detected. Patient 4 had mutations at T128N (1%), I169L (1%), V173L (2%), A181V (1%), and Q215H (1%). In patient 5, M204V/I was detected in 1% and 2% of clones, respectively. L80I and V173L were also identified in patient 6. In the six patients who responded to LAM, the degree of overall quasispecies was less than those with LAM failure.

Conclusions

Various HBV quasispecies associated with drug resistance existed before treatment, and the quasispecies dynamically changed through LAM therapy.