动脉瘤破裂致脑血管痉挛的MR灌注评估

目的探讨磁共振灌注成像(MR-PWI)在评估动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后脑血管痉挛脑血流动力学中的临床价值。方法选取2013-09—2016-10义马煤业集团股份有限公司总医院收治的80例aSAH患者为研究组,另选取同期颅内未破裂动脉瘤患者31例为对照组,均接受MR-PWI检查。结果研究组中无痉挛者20例,轻度痉挛者23例,中度痉挛者21例,重度痉挛者16例;重度痉挛组基底节区(BSGL)、大脑中动脉(MCA)供血区、大脑前动脉(ACA)供血区中rCBV、rCBF水平低于对照组,中度痉挛组、轻度痉挛组及无痉挛组ACA供血区rCBF、BSGL的rCBF水平低于对照组,中度痉挛组BSGL、MCA供血区、ACA供血区中MTT、TTP水平高于对照组,重度痉挛组BSGL、MCA供血区、ACA供血区中MTT、TTP水平高于中度痉挛组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MR-PWI可有效评估蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛脑血流动力学变化情况,可为制定干预方案提供依据。     

116例大脑中动脉病变患者脑梗死类型分布和脑灌注异常分析

目的 应用神经影像检查,分析大脑中动脉闭塞性疾病(MCAOD)患者梗死类型分布和脑灌注异常. 方法 对经CT血管造影(CTA)证实的116例MCAOD患者的CT平扫、CT灌注成像(CTP)和CTA的影像资料进行回顾性分析,确定其脑梗死类型分布和脑灌注改变. 结果 116例患者中,CTA共检出133条大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄或闭塞,其中单侧者99例,双侧者17例.其中MCA闭塞25条,重度狭窄39条,中、轻度狭窄69条.CT或MRI显示腔隙性脑梗死(LIS)45例,各型分水岭脑梗死(CWSI)38例,流域性脑梗死26例,纹状体内囊梗死(SCI)10例,未检出梗死病灶14例.CTP显示MCA供血区内脑血流灌注异常96例,其中58例有MCA供血区的大范围血流灌注减低.未检出血流灌注异常者37例. 结论 由于MCA狭窄的部位、程度和发病机制的不同以及侧支循环的建立,MCAOD可造成不同类型的脑梗死和血流灌注异常.     

破裂脑动脉瘤早期手术者血管痉挛与予后

1981～1989年作者收治破裂脑动脉瘤患者482例,其中,发病一周内手术240例。作者以此为研究对象,分析早期手术后脑血管痉挛与予后的关系。年龄19～74岁,平均51.9岁。男10例,女136例,动脉瘤位于前交通动脉84例,颈内动脉80例,大脑中动脉64例,大脑前动脉9例,基底动脉3例,术前临床轻重程度按GCS计分分为15、14—13、12—7分三组,分别为117例、70例、53例。患者予后按术后六个月统计,分为恢复良好,中度恢复,严重致残,植物生存,死亡五级。根据术后是否发生脑血管痉挛分为三组:无痉挛组(临床无脑血管痉挛症状,CT正常);症状性痉挛组(出现脑血管痉挛症状,CT无低密度区);梗塞组(CT有低密度灶)。以上脑血管痉挛症状和CT低密度灶均除外手术操作,出血水肿等原因所致者。     

纹状体内囊梗死34例患者临床和影像特征

目的 分析纹状体内囊梗死(SCI)的临床和影像特征并探讨其发病机制.方法 回顾分析34例SCI患者的临床及影像资料.将患者分为皮质型SCI(CSCI)和非皮质型SCI(NCSCI)2组,进行临床和影像资料的对比分析.结果 CSCI 23例,NCSCI 11例.CT血管成像共检出大脑中动脉和颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞25例.CT脑灌注成像检出26例大脑中动脉供血区内血流灌注减低,其中19例累及广泛的大脑中动脉供血区.CSCI患者中检出上述动脉狭窄或闭塞21例,明显高于NCSCI患者中的4例(χ~2=3.27,P=0.020),CSCI患者中检出MCA供血区内血流减低区21例,明显高于NCSCI患者中的5例(χ~2=8.62,P=0.007).结论 SCI有临床和影像特征,大部分由于MCA原位病变所致.动脉病变和其造成的灌注减低是发生皮质症状的重要原因.     

磁共振灌注成像评估蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的价值

目的 观察磁共振灌注成像（MR-PWI）对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）后脑血管痉挛（CVS）脑血流动力学的评估价值。方法 2014年1~12月收治aSAH 80例,根据CVS程度分为无血管痉挛组（23例）,轻度痉挛组（19例）,中度痉挛组（19例）和重度痉挛组（19例）,选取同期收治的颅内未破裂动脉瘤20例作为对照组。均进行DSA和磁共振灌注成像检查,MR-PWI检测的区域包括大脑前动脉（ACA）供血区、大脑中动脉（MCA）供血区以及基底节区（BSGL）,分析MR-PWI相对脑血容量（rCBV）、相对脑血流量（rCBF）、平均通过时间（MTT）以及达峰时间（TTP）等参数与CVS的相关性。结果 重度痉挛ACA供血区、MCA供血区以及BSGL的rCBF、rCBV较对照组明显下降（P<0.05）,而无血管痉挛组、轻度痉挛组、中度痉挛组bsgl的rcbf以及aca供血区的rcbf均明显低于对照组（>P<0.05）;中度痉挛组aca供血区、mca供血区、bsgl的ttp以及mtt均明显高与对照组（>P<0.05）,且随着痉挛程度的加重,变化更加明显（>P<0.05）。cvs程度和rcbv、rcbf呈负相关（>P<0.05）,但是其相关度较低（r><0.4）;cvs程度与ttp、mtt呈正相关（>P<0.05）,为中度相关（0.308><0.744）。>结论 MR-PWI检查能够定量提供脑组织血流灌注的信息,指导CVS的临床诊疗。     

CT灌注成像对颈内动脉闭塞与重度狭窄患者血流动力学的评价及临床意义

目的利用CT灌注成像了解症状性颈内动脉闭塞患者的血流动力学类型及其发病机制。方法连续选择2007年1月～2007年12月因缺血性脑血管病收入神经内科、经CT血管成像(CTA)证实为颈内动脉重度狭窄(≥70%)或闭塞的病人30例,其中颈内动脉闭塞14例,重度狭窄16例。脑梗死24例,TIA6例。所有病人入院24小时内完成CT灌注扫描。根据颈内动脉狭窄程度(重度狭窄或闭塞)及临床表现分组对脑血流灌注类型进行分析。结果发现3种灌注类型:Ⅰ型,大脑中动脉和/或大脑前动脉供血区的广泛低灌注(21例);Ⅱ型,仅病灶同侧局部边缘带低灌注(6例);Ⅲ型,灌注正常(3例)。无论颈内动脉有无闭塞,3种灌注类型均存在。脑梗死组患者脑血流灌注主要表现为Ⅰ型,而TIA组主要表现为Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型。结论颈动脉病变脑灌注类型与临床症状有关,而与颈内动脉有无闭塞关系不大。     

经动脉局部灌注尼莫地平防治动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛临床研究

目的探讨经动脉局部灌注尼莫地平防治动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）后脑血管痉挛（CVS）的可行性,以减少CVS的发生,降低致残率、病死率。方法 33例病人随机分为2组,治疗组17例常规静脉及口服尼莫地平治疗,同时栓塞治疗术后保留动脉鞘,利用单弯导管分别经双侧颈内动脉灌注尼莫地平,总量20mg,持续20h。对照组16例常规静脉及口服尼莫地平治疗。利用TCD探测2组患者栓塞术前及术后1d、3d、7d、14d5个时间点双侧大脑中动脉平均血流速度（Vm-MCA）,以了解脑血管痉挛情况。结果 2组病人在术后1d、3d、7d探测的Vm-MCA具有显著差异,经动脉局部灌注尼莫地平治疗组CVS发生率明显低于对照组。结论 对于Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级,前循环动脉瘤破裂出血的重症患者,经动脉局部灌注尼莫地平对降低aSAH后CVS的发生率有效。     

脑供血动脉狭窄支架置入术前后脑血流变化的氙气CT灌注研究

目的 利用氙气CT(Xe-CT)灌注技术分析脑供血动脉狭窄患者支架置人术前后的血流动力学特点,评价支架置人术的疗效及预后.方法 对19例脑供血动脉狭窄患者进行支架置人治疗,并利用Xe-CT进行血流定量评价,对比术前、术后低灌注区面积及脑血流量改善程度.结果 所有患者术前缺血区脑血流量(CBF)不同程度降低,术后血流量值显著改善;低灌注区域面积减小.结论 脑供血动脉狭窄时,脑组织存在易导致脑梗死的缺血区域,支架置人术可明显改善患者的血流动力学,其疗效可以通过Xe-CT灌注成像得到客观、准确的评价.     

烟雾病脑血管重建术后发生脑过度灌注综合征的临床分析

目的 探讨烟雾病脑血管重建术后脑过度灌注综合征患者出现“新常春藤征”相关影响因素。方法 纳入北京航空总医院2019年1-12月收治的45例烟雾病患者,均行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术联合脑-硬脑膜-颞肌-动脉-骨膜瓣贴敷术且术后发生脑过度灌注综合征,记录术后“新常春藤征”出现率,单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛查术后出现“新常春藤征”的影响因素。结果 共45例患者,左侧手术后脑过度灌注综合征主要表现为语言障碍(96.43%,27/28)、右侧肢体感觉和运动障碍(21.43%,6/28),右侧手术后主要表现为左侧肢体感觉和运动障碍(9/17)、流涎和吞咽困难(3/17)。术后26例(57.78%)出现“新常春藤征”,分别位于大脑前动脉供血区(2例)、大脑中动脉供血区前部(9例)、大脑中动脉供血区后部(6例)、大脑前动脉供血区和大脑中动脉供血区前部(4例)、大脑中动脉供血区前部和后部(5例)。根据性别、年龄、病程、术前有无“常春藤征”、手术侧别、术后脑过度灌注综合征发生时间和恢复时间分层,术前无“常春藤征”、术后脑过度灌注综合征发生时间≤3 d和恢复时间≤7 d的患者术后“新常春藤征...     

颈动脉支架置入术对大脑皮质血流灌注量的影响

目的 研究颈动脉狭窄支架置入术对脑皮质血流灌注量的影响.方法 应用单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)对18例单侧颈动脉狭窄患者颈动脉支架置入术前后脑皮质血流灌注量进行检测.结果 患者术后双侧大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉供血区脑皮质血流灌注量均显著增加(均P<0.05);同时支架置入侧术后大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉供血区脑皮质血流灌注量比值较术前增加更明显(均P<0.05),但大脑前动脉供血区差异无统计学意义.结论 颈动脉狭窄支架置入术可使狭窄侧及对侧脑皮质血流灌注量增加,而狭窄侧大脑中动脉、后动脉增加幅度更明显.     

动脉瘤性SAH迟发性脑血管痉挛的多元因素分析

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）继发脑血管痉挛的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析本院收治的54例动脉瘤性SAH病人的临床资料，判定脑血管痉挛程度，统计分析其相关因素。结果Fisher分级Ⅲ-Ⅳ级患者脑血管痉挛发生率（7014％，19／27）明显高于Fisher分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级者（4414％，12／27）（P〈0．01）；Hunt—Hess分级Ⅲ-Ⅴ级患者脑血管痉挛发生率（75．0％，21／28）明显高于Hunt—Hess分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级者（38．5％，10／26）（P〈0．05）；3d后手术患者的脑血管痉挛发生率（70．0％，21／30）明显高于3d内手术患者（41．7％，10／24）（P〈0．05）。结论SAH的Fisher分级〉Ⅱ级和Hunt—Hess分级〉Ⅱ级是颅内动脉瘤继发脑血管痉挛的危险因素。早期手术能降低脑血管痉挛的发生率。     

Rho激酶抑制剂对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑血管痉挛的疗效研究

目的 探讨Rho 激酶抑制剂对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后迟发性脑血管痉挛(DCVS)的治疗效果.方法 按照是否应用Rho 激酶抑制剂对35 例自发性性蛛网膜下腔出血后发生迟发性脑血管痉挛的患者资料和治疗效果进行回顾性分析.结果 Rho 激酶抑制剂对迟发性脑血管痉挛临床症状改善率81.25%,与常规治疗组47.37%相比,具有统计学差异(P＜0.05);治疗后,Rho 激酶抑制组脑血流速度低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 Rho 激酶抑制剂能明显缓解aSAH 后迟发性脑血管痉挛的临床症状,为神经外科防治迟发性脑血管痉挛提供了临床依据.     

脑室内注射硝普钠防治动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后脑血管痉挛的疗效分析

目的研究脑室内注射硝普钠防治动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的疗效及安全性。方法将313例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血病人随机分为硝普钠治疗组（105例）和常规治疗组（208例）。均在出血后3 d内行动脉瘤夹闭术,硝普钠治疗组术后予常规治疗和脑室内注入硝普钠,而常规治疗组则仅予常规治疗。结果与常规治疗组比较,术后1-7 d硝普钠治疗组病人大脑中动脉流速均显著降低（P〈0.05）。硝普钠治疗组发生迟发性脑血管痉挛（DCVS）14例（13.3%）,继发性脑梗死7例（6.7%）;常规治疗组发生DCVS 45例（21.6%）,继发性脑梗死34例（16.3%）;两组DCVS和继发性脑梗死发生率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组预后差异显著（P〈0.05）,而并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论脑室内注入硝普钠能显著改善蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管血流动力学变化,副作用小,是一种治疗DCVS安全、有效的新疗法。     

Correlations between cerebral arterial velocities, blood flow, and delayed ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Elevated middle cerebral erythrocyte velocities and tissue hypoperfusion have been correlated with delayed ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage, but few studies have compared serial arterial velocities with cerebral blood flow and neurological deficits. METHODS: Serial measurements of middle cerebral velocities, using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, were performed in 34 patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage and correlated with cerebral blood flow, measured in 20 of the 34 using single-photon emission computed tomography with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime and neurological evidence of delayed ischemia. RESULTS: In 16 patients without delayed ischemia, eight had evidence of vasospasm (greater than 120 cm/sec), but only one of seven had hypoperfusion, suggesting that vasospasm might be more common than hypoperfusion in this group (p = 0.1). In 10 patients with delayed ischemia and a lateralizing deficit, both asymmetrical middle cerebral vasospasm (eight of nine with vasospasm) and hypoperfusion (six of six studied) were concordant with the clinically ischemic hemisphere (p less than 0.05). Vasospasm occurred with nonlateralized delayed ischemia in seven of eight patients and with hypoperfusion in five of six, affecting the anterior cerebral territory in three. CONCLUSIONS: Concordant vasospasm and hypoperfusion were most often present in patients with delayed ischemia and lateralizing neurological deficits. Discordant results reflect inherent limitations and the different levels of the circulation monitored by the two techniques.     

Prediction of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage by rapidly increasing transcranial Doppler velocity and cerebral blood flow changes.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increased transcranial Doppler velocities and regional cerebral perfusion defects have been well demonstrated in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, but the clinical significance of these changes has not been clearly defined, particularly in the presymptomatic stage of cerebral vasospasm. We have tested the hypothesis that a rapid, massive rise in Doppler velocity denotes progressive vasospasm by relating Doppler velocity increases to regional cerebral blood flow changes and to the subsequent clinical course. METHODS: Serial transcranial Doppler sonography was performed in 121 patients; 20 of these patients were selected for blood flow mapping on the basis of rapid increases (greater than 50 cm/sec/24 hr) in blood flow velocity. Cerebral blood flow was mapped by single-photon emission computed tomography using technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime. RESULTS: Ten of 15 patients studied before the onset of any deficit subsequently developed a focal neurological abnormality. In 14 of these 15 patients, and in a further five in which single-photon emission computed tomography was performed after the onset of a delayed neurological deficit, perfusion patterns were abnormal and correlated with sites of increased Doppler velocities. Four patients had zones of cerebral hypoperfusion but did not develop neurological deficit. CONCLUSIONS: Transcranial Doppler measurements can assist in identifying patients at risk of delayed ischemic deficit. Selection of patients for regional cerebral blood flow mapping studies and for prophylactic anti-ischemic therapy may be considered on this basis.     

A single-photon emission computed tomography study of hypoperfusion after subarachnoid hemorrhage

We used single-photon emission computed tomography with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime in 18 studies on 13 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage to determine whether any changes in cerebral blood flow could be correlated with clinical or computed tomographic evidence of delayed ischemia. Among the seven patients without focal neurologic deficits, regional cerebral hypoperfusion was demonstrated in only one who died. Among the 10 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, one died before surgery, and six developed postoperative delayed ischemic deficits, of whom two died. Among the patients with angiographically documented aneurysms, regional hypoperfusion correlated with the presence and severity of delayed neurologic deficits, whereas correlative computed tomographic scans showed either early infarction or no relevant abnormality. This technique facilitates early diagnosis of cerebral tissue hypoperfusion due to vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.     

栓塞与夹闭对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的影响

[目的]探讨血管内栓塞术和动脉瘤夹闭术分别对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后并发脑血管痉挛的影响.[方法]收集并分析2006年至2010年确诊为aSAH的患者.分别在发病72h内行栓塞或夹闭治疗100例临床资料.[结果]其中在栓塞组中发生临床CVS10例,而夹闭组中CVS19例.[结论]根据我们的研究,栓塞较夹闭可以减少CVS的发生率,缩短住院时间,但其对病死率未见明显影响.     

西洛他唑治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的Meta分析

目的系统评价西洛他唑治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的有效性以及安全性。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献、维普及万方数据库,检索时间从建库至2018年09月,收集西洛他唑治疗动脉瘤性患者的临床对照试验。由2名研究者严格制定纳入标准、筛选文献,提取资料,评价质量并用Rev Man5. 3软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入临床研究6项,共618例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者。Meta分析结果显示西洛他唑在以下方面优于常规治疗,且差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),西洛他唑能降低症状性脑血管痉挛(OR=0. 31,95%CI:0. 21-0. 48),重度脑血管痉挛(OR=0. 47,95%CI:0. 31-0. 69),迟发性脑梗塞(OR=0. 32,95%CI:0. 20-0. 52)的发生率,且能够改善患者预后(OR=2. 65,95%CI:1. 66-4. 21)。结论西洛他唑可以降低动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血所致脑血管痉挛的发生率,并对改善预后有一定帮助。     

Patterns of cerebral perfusion in patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery disease

BACKGROUND: The perfusion profile of patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) disease has not been well studied. The purpose of this study is to describe the perfusion patterns of patients with asymptomatic ICA disease using computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and its potential value in identifying patients at higher risk for transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or strokes. METHODS: We analyzed 32 patients with asymptomatic high grade ICA disease who had CTP and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the head and neck. Twenty-four patients had severe ICA stenosis and eight had ICA occlusion. The degree of ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA) and contralateral ICA stenosis, patency of the anterior communicating artery (ACOM), A1 segment and posterior communicating artery (PCOM) were evaluated in all patients. RESULTS: Sixteen patients had normal CTP and the other 16 patients had cerebral hypoperfusion, characterized by abnormalities in one or more of the three perfusion maps. Ipsilateral hypoplastic A1 segment was more frequent in the group with cerebral hypoperfusion (p = 0.025). Ipsilateral TIAs occurred in two patients, both with cerebral hypoperfusion. CONCLUSION: Cerebral hypoperfusion is present in half of the patients with asymptomatic ICA disease, predominantly in patients with a hypoplastic ipsilateral A1 segment. These patients likely represent a higher-risk group for symptomatic brain ischemia.     

法舒地尔联用尼莫地平预防动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑血管痉挛的疗效观察

目的探讨法舒地尔联用尼莫地平对预防动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的疗效及不良反应。方法在入院后即常规给予尼莫地平静脉持续泵入的同时,将50例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者在作动脉瘤栓塞治疗后,均给予腰大池引流及"3H"疗法,并随机分成2组,治疗组加用盐酸法舒地尔30mg静滴,3次/d,连用14d,观察2组血管痉挛的发生情况及不良反应。结果治疗组症状性脑血管痉挛1例,无症状性脑血管痉挛3例,对照组症状性脑血管痉挛3例,无症状性脑血管痉挛10例,2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不良反应方面2组比较差异无统计学意义。结论法舒地尔联用尼莫地平在预防动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血所致血管痉挛的疗效优于单用尼莫地平,安全性亦较高。