二硫代氨基吡咯烷和维生素C对急性胰腺炎模型大鼠胰肝细胞粘附分子及超氧化物歧化酶表达的影响

目的:探讨二硫代氨基吡咯烷(PDTC)和维生素C(VitC)对急性胰腺炎(AP)模型大鼠胰腺及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD:Mn-SOD, Cu, Zn-SOD)和细胞粘附分子(ICAM-1)表达的影响。方法:经十二指肠壁进入胰管开口处, 逆行加压注入3%牛磺脱氧胆酸钠复制大鼠AP模型。模型随机分为3组:AP+生理盐水(NS)组、AP+PDTC组和AP+VitC组, 并在复制模型手术后10min和5h按分组给药。另设假手术组。各实验组于术后1、5、10h取胰腺和肝脏, 采用RT-PCR方法测定其ICAM-1及Mn-SOD、Cu, Zn-SOD的表达。结果:AP+NS组胰腺和肝脏ICAM-1表达高于假手术组(P＜0.05), 胰腺Cu, Zn-SOD表达低于假手术组(P＜0.05)。AP+PDTC组和AP+VitC组胰腺Mn-SOD、Cu, Zn-SOD表达高于AP+NS组(P＜0.05, P＜0.01)。AP+PDTC组胰肝ICAM-1表达低于AP+NS组(P＜0.05)。结论:结果提示, PDTC和VitC缓解AP的作用机制在于不仅它们自身是抗氧化剂, 而且它们促进SOD的表达, 同时PDTC还具有抑制ICAM-1表达的作用。     

急性胰腺炎大鼠腹水白细胞cPKC-α水平的变化及汉防己甲素等的影响

目的:观察急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠腹水白细胞传统型蛋白激酶C-α(cPKC-α)的水平变化及汉防己甲素(Tet)等药物的影响,并对其机制进行探讨。方法:取56只SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组(SO+NS组),AP对照组(AP+NS组),AP+阿司匹林(ASP)组,AP+Tet组,采用牛磺脱氧胆酸钠复制AP模型,模型制成后10min,AP+Tet组腹腔注入Tet(80mg/kg·BW);AP+ASP组经食管灌入ASP混悬液(125mg/kg·BW)。各组动物在相应处理后1h、5h,提取腹水白细胞,制备白细胞裂解液,用免疫印迹(Westernblot)和化学发光法检测其cPKC-α水平;同时分别取动物血浆测定淀粉酶(AMY)活性;取5h大鼠胰腺组织作病理检查。结果:ASP和Tet组胰腺病理损伤轻于AP+NS组,血浆AMY活性低于AP+NS组,腹水白细胞cPKC-α水平高于AP+NS组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论:ASP、Tet可增加AP大鼠腹水白细胞cPKC-α的水平;ASP、Tet可明显减轻AP时胰腺组织及功能损伤。     

血浆ET与ANF在急性胰腺炎早期发病中的作用及意义

目的探讨内皮素(ET)与心钠素(ANF)在急性胰腺炎(AP)早期发病中的作用及临床意义.方法采用放射免疫分析测定急性发病期(24～48)h轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)35例,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)17例和正常对照组(NC)30例的血浆内皮素与心钠素的含量.Imrie评分＞3分,APACHE Ⅱ评分≥8分者为SAP.结果SAP患者Imrie评分和APACHE Ⅱ评分明显高于MAP患者(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).SAP患者血浆ET水平(59.20±10.69)pg/ml明显增高,MAP患者血浆ET水平(34.20±9.44)pg/ml明显降低,两组之间比较以及与NC组比较具有非常显著差异(P＜0.001).SAP和MAP患者血浆ANF分别为(155.76±34.24)pg/ml,(181.59±58.15)pg/ml,与NC组(165.51±57.16)pg/ml比较无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论ET可能参与了SAP早期胰腺微循环障碍,对胰腺组织具有内源性损伤作用.提示早期给予拮抗ET或ET-A受体的药物,可能有利于减轻胰腺组织损害,改善胰腺微循环,防止胰腺出血坏死性改变.ANF可能对AP早期的胰腺血循环无明显影响.     

川芎嗪对急性胰腺炎大鼠细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究川芎嗪(TMP)对急性胰腺炎(AP)血栓形成、组织病理变化、氧自由基和细胞凋亡的影响机制。方法:采用十二指肠胆胰管逆行加压注射5%牛磺胆酸钠的方法制备大鼠AP模型,动态观察TMP治疗前后大鼠血栓烷A2/前列环素代谢产物血栓烷B2/6-酮-前列腺素F1α(TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α)比值(T/P)、血浆超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、淀粉酶(AMY)等各项指标;通过观察胰腺组织的病理形态进行病理评分;采用TUNEL法评价胰腺细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果:经TMP治疗后,大鼠T/P值明显降低,血清SOD水平升高,MDA水平降低;胰腺组织病理评分为4.85±0.98(6h),AI为9.88±0.98(6h),与AP组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:TMP对AP的治疗作用与其纠正血栓烷A2/前列环素I2失衡,改善AP大鼠微循环,减少自由基造成的损伤,诱导细胞凋亡,减少胰腺细胞坏死有关。     

Nrf-2基因过表达对急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺的保护作用

目的探讨Nrf-2基因过表达对急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺的保护作用。方法 32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(NC)、Nrf-2过表达组(Nrf-2~(+/+))、胰腺炎组(AP)、Nrf-2过表达胰腺炎组(Nrf-2~(+/+)+AP)。各组均采用尾静脉注射慢病毒感染后,AP组和Nrf-2~(+/+)+AP组通过腹腔内注射蛙皮素和脂多糖造模;造模后24 h处死大鼠取材,ELISA法检测大鼠血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)含量;检测胰腺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MAD)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平;RT-PCR检测胰腺Nrf-2mRNA相对表达量;Western blot检测Nrf-2蛋白相对表达量;HE染色观察大鼠胰腺组织细胞形态。结果 AP组与NC组相比,大鼠血清C反应蛋白含量显著升高,SOD活性明显降低,MDA含量和MPO活性明显高于AP组,且AP组胰腺组织损伤较NC组明显增加;与AP组相比,Nrf-2过表达后,Nrf-2~(+/+)+AP组大鼠血清C反应蛋白含量显著降低,SOD活性明显升高,MDA含量和MPO活性明显低于AP组,且Nrf-2~(+/+)+AP组胰腺组织损伤较AP组有所缓解。结论过表达Nrf-2基因可通过降低急性胰腺炎大鼠CRP含量、MD A水平和MPO活性,提高SOD活性,缓解了大鼠胰腺损伤。     

清胰汤Ⅱ号冲剂对急性胰腺炎小鼠的保护作用及机制

目的:探讨清胰汤Ⅱ号冲剂(QYT)对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)小鼠的保护作用及机制。方法:成年C57BL/6小鼠24只,雌雄各半,随机均分为3组。AP组和AP+QYT组首先经腹腔注射雨蛙肽(50μg/kg)及脂多糖(10 mg/kg)复制重症AP模型,AP组小鼠给予饮用水灌胃,AP+QYT组给予QYT灌胃;正常对照组小鼠给予等量生理盐水注射及饮用水灌胃。于末次注药后3 h麻醉处死动物。检测和分析胰腺组织的病理改变、肠道细菌总数和分类、Peyer’s结T淋巴细胞亚群的变化、血浆淀粉酶、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)水平以及胰腺和肺脏组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性等。结果:与对照组相比,AP小鼠的胰腺组织病理学评分、肠道细菌数量、血浆淀粉酶活性、IL-6及MCP-1水平、胰和肺组织的MPO活性都有明显升高(P0.05);QYT可在一定程度上逆转AP时相关指标的变化(P0.05)。小肠Peyer’s结数量在各组无明显差异,但AP组的CD3+T淋巴细胞百分比较对照组明显降低(P0.05),而且,AP组和AP+QYT组,尤其是后者CD4+T淋巴细胞百分比和CD4+/CD8+比值较对照组明显升高(P0.05)。结论:清胰汤II号冲剂对雨蛙肽和脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性胰腺炎具有明显的拮抗作用,其机制可能与其抑制炎症反应、促进肠内细菌的清除和调节肠道T淋巴细胞功能有关。     

重症急性胰腺炎早期血管活性物质的变化及意义

目的:探讨内皮素(ET)与降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)及一氧化氮(NO)在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)早期发病中的作用及临床意义。方法:采用放射免疫分析及硝酸还原酶法测定急性发病期(24h～48h)重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)17例,轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)35例和正常对照组(NC)30例的血浆ET与CGRP及血清NO的含量。Imrie评分>3分,APACHEⅡ评分≥8分者为SAP。结果:SAP患者Imrie评分和APACHEⅡ评分明显高于MAP患者(P<0.05,P<0.01)。SAP患者血浆ET水平明显增高,MAP患者血浆ET水平明显降低,两组之间比较以及与NC组比较具有非常显著差异(P<0.001)。SAP患者血浆CGRP水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。MAP患者血浆CGRP水平明显增高(P<0.001)。AP患者血清NO水平显著降低,SAP与MAP两组患者NO比较具有非常显著差异(P<0.001)。SAP患者ET/CGRP及ET/NO比值与MAP患者及NC组比较明显增高(P<0.01);MAP患者ET/CGRP比值与NC组比较明显降低(P<0.05),MAP患者ET/NO比值与NC组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:ET或与SAP胰腺组织的病理性出血和坏死具有密切关系,微循环障碍对胰腺组织具有内源性损伤作用。ET/CGRP及ET/NO比值能较好地反映AP患者病情轻重,可作为评价其预后的指标。     

瑞香素预处理对急性胰腺炎大鼠组织病理变化和白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-10水平的作用

目的:观察瑞香素(Daphnetin,Da)对急性胰腺炎(Acute pancreatitis,AP)大鼠组织病理学和血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平的影响,探讨Da对AP的治疗价值和可能机制。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠32只,随机分为四组:假手术组(Sham组)、急性胰腺炎组(AP组)、Da预处理组(Da+AP组)、Da对照组(Da+Sham组),每组各8只。采用手术分离胰胆管并逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠溶液(1ml/kg)建立AP模型(AP组);Sham组不注射牛磺胆酸钠;Da+AP组和Da+Sham组于手术前30min腹腔注射Da(4mg/kg)后,Da+AP组同AP组处理,Da+Sham组同Sham组处理。术后12h开腹摘取胰腺头部,开胸心脏采血,分别观察胰腺组织病理学改变和血清IL-6、IL-10水平变化。结果:AP组胰腺组织病理学评分和血清IL-6水平明显高于Sham组(P0.05),IL-10水平明显低于Sham组(P0.05);与AP组比较,Da+AP组胰腺组织学评分和血清IL-6水平均降低(P0.05),血清IL-10水平明显升高(P0.05);Da+Sham组各指标水平与Sham组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Da可能通过降低促炎因子IL-6和提高抗炎因子IL-10水平减轻胰腺急性炎性损伤,从而起到保护胰腺的作用。     

硝普钠对大鼠应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

采用浸水束缚应激法建立大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型，观察一氧化氮供体硝普钠对大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用。结果表明，硝普钠可以明显减轻浸水应激引起的胃粘膜损伤，抑制胃运动亢进，同时增加胃粘膜血流量以及血浆和胃粘膜中NO和SOD含量，降低MDA和ET含量。提示硝普钠对浸水应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用可能是通过增加胃粘膜血流量和抑制胃运动亢进共同实现的。     

硝普钠对大鼠应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

采用浸水束缚应激法建立大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型，观察一氧化氮供体硝普钠对大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用。结果表明，硝普钠可以明显减轻浸水应激引起的胃粘膜损伤，抑制胃运动亢进，同时增加胃粘膜血流量以及血浆和胃粘膜中NO和SOD含量，降低MDA和ET含量。提示硝普钠对浸水应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用可能是通过增加胃粘膜血流量和抑制胃运动亢进共同实现的。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995