非洛地平对原发性高血压患者血浆一氧化氮、内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽含量的影响

目的探讨原发性高血压（EH）患者血浆一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素（ET）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）含量的变化及非洛地平对其影响。方法观察72例EH患者（EH组）用非洛地平治疗前后血浆NO、ET和CGRP浓度的变化，并与30例正常人（对照组）进行对比分析。结果非洛地平治疗前EH组血浆NO明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），血浆ET明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），血浆CGRP明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。非洛地平治疗6周后，EH组血压和血浆ET浓度明显降低，NO浓度和CGRP明显增高（P〈0．01）。结论非洛地平在有效降压的同时，能使EH患者血浆NO和CGRP浓度升高，ET浓度降低，对EH患者的血管内皮功能具有保护作用。     

降钙素基因相关肽在肾性高血压早期及培哚普利或哌唑嗪干预后的变化

为了观察肾性高血压早期降钙素基因相关肽的变化及培哚普利或哌唑嗪降压机制与降钙素基因相关肽的关系,建立两肾一夹高血压大鼠模型,通过放射免疫法及逆转录聚合酶链反应观察血压升高早期血浆降钙素基因相关肽浓度及背根神经节降钙素基因相关肽mRNA表达的变化.结果发现,在肾性高血压早期降钙素基因相关肽的浓度及mRNA表达明显升高,培哚普利与哌唑嗪均能显著降低血压,但降钙素基因相关肽的浓度及mRNA表达在两组中的表现有明显差异,培哚普利能进一步升高血浆降钙素基因相关肽浓度和背根神经节α降钙素基因相关肽mRNA的表达,而哌唑嗪却降低降钙素基因相关肽浓度及mRNA表达.结果提示,肾性高血压早期,大鼠体内降钙素基因相关肽血浆浓度及mRNA表达升高,培哚普利促进降钙素基因相关肽的合成和释放,可能介导其降压作用.     

高血压病患者血浆降钙素基因相关肽和内皮素浓度的变化

目的 :探讨血浆降钙素基因相关肽 （CGRP）和内皮素 （ET）与高血压病之间关系。方法 :放射免疫方法检测 2 5例正常人和 36例高血压病患者降压治疗前后血浆 CGRP和 ET浓度 ,同时测量高血压病患者血压。结果 :1高血压病患者血浆 CGRP浓度低于正常人 ,与平均动脉压呈负相关 ;ET浓度高于正常人 ,与平均动脉压呈正相关。2有效降压治疗后 ,高血压病患者血浆 CGRP浓度回升 ,ET浓度下降 ,CGRP/ ET比值明显升高。结论 :血浆 CGRP和ET浓度失衡可能是高血压病发生的重要原因之一 ;有效降血压可能与 CGRP和 ET的变化有关。     

潜阳通络方对肝阳上亢型高血压大鼠血压及ET、CGRP的影响

目的探讨潜阳通络方对血压及血浆内皮索（ET）、降钙索基因相关肽（CGRP）的影响。方法采用自发性高血压大鼠加灌附子汤的方法制备肝阳上亢模型，观察潜阳通络方对肝阳上亢型高血压大鼠血压及血浆ET、CGRP的影响。结果与模型组相比，潜阳通络方能明显降低肝阳上亢型高血压大鼠血压、血浆中CGRP含量升高（P〈0．05）、降低血浆中ET含萤（P〈0．01）。结论潜阳通络方可通过改善血管的舒缩功能而达到较好的降压效果。对高血压模型大鼠的降压作用与升高CGRP含量，降低ET含量密切相关。     

高血压病人血浆同型半胱氨酸等活性物质浓度的变化及其意义

目的：探讨同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、肾上腺髓质素（ADM）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）与血栓素B2（TXB2）等血管活性物质与原发性高血压（EH）的关系。方法：随机选取未经治疗的EH病人42例作为研究组，按高血压分级标准分为3个亚组，对照组由20例同期健康体检的正常人组成。采受试者空腹静脉血，用荧光法定量检测Hey，以放射免疫法检测ADM、CGRP与TXB2。结果：（1）研究组血浆Hey、ADM、TXB2三者浓度明显高于对照组．而CGRP水平明显下降，有显著性差异（P均〈0.01）；（2）研究组三个亚组l级组、2级组和3级组Hcy、ADM、TXBz水平随着血压分级升高而升高，CGRP随血压分级升高而降低，组间差别有显著性（P〈0．01）；（3）研究组血浆Hcy与ADM浓度呈显著正相关（r=0．941。P〈0.01），与CGRP呈负相关（r=-0．480，P〈0．01）；其余相关性均不显著。结论：血浆同型半胱氨酸、肾上腺髓质素、降钙素基因相关肽与血栓素的含量变化与高血压病的血压升高有紧密联系。提示它们参与了高血压的发生与发展。     

卡维地洛对高血压患者血浆内皮素、降钙素基因相关肽的影响

目的　探讨卡维地洛对高血压患者血压和血浆内皮素 (ET 1)、降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的影响。方法　测定 60例高血压患者用药前后血压、血浆ET 1、CGRP的变化 ,2 5例健康人做为对照组。结果　患者血浆ET -1明显高于正常组 (P <0 0 5) ,CGRP则低于正常组。卡维地洛治疗后血压明显下降 ;血浆ET -1水平降低 ,CGRP水平升高 (P <0 0 5)。结论　卡维地洛可有效控制血压 ,并有降低高血压患者的血浆ET 1,升高血浆CGRP的作用     

肾性高血压大鼠血浆中降钙素基因相关肽与血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度及肾素活性的变化

降钙素基因相关肽与肾素-血管紧张素系统均参与血压的调节.在两肾一夹型肾性高血压大鼠模型,观察大鼠血浆中的降钙素基因相关肽、血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度及肾素活性的水平,以及用氯沙坦或培哚普利干预后这些活性肽在血浆中的变化,进一步分析这些血管活性肽在该模型的变化机制.研究显示,高血压组血浆中降钙素基因相关肽的浓度高于对照组,而血管紧张素Ⅱ与对照组相比无显著差异.用氯沙坦和培哚普利治疗6周后,血浆中肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ及降钙素基因相关肽水平均升高.本研究发现在肾性高血压中期,循环中肾素-血管紧张素系统对血压的影响已不是主要因素,降钙素基因相关肽的释放增加可能是血压升高的代偿作用.应用氯沙坦和培哚普利后可增加血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度和肾素活性,同时也增加降钙素基因相关肽的合成与释放,这可能对其降压起一定的作用.     

肾性高血压大鼠血浆中降钙素基因相关肽与血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度及肾素活性的变化

降钙素基因相关肽与肾素－血管紧张素系统均参与血压的调节。在两肾一夹型肾性高血压大鼠模型，观察大鼠血浆中的降钙素基因相关肽、血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度及肾素活性的水平，以及用氯沙坦或培哚普利干预后这些活性肽在血浆中的变化，进一步分析这些血管活性肽在该模型的变化机制。研究显示，高血压组血浆中降钙素基因相关肽的浓度高于对照组，而血管紧张素Ⅱ与对照组相比无显著差异。用氯沙坦和培哚普利治疗6周后，血浆中肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ及降钙素基因相关肽水平均升高。本研究发现在肾性高血压中期，循环中肾素－血管紧张素系统对血压的影响已不是主要因素，降钙素基因相关肽的释放增加可能是血压升高的代偿作用。应用氯沙坦和培哚普利后可增加血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度和肾素活性，同时也增加降钙素基因相关肽的合成与释放，这可能对其降压起一定的作用。     

老年高血压病心衰患者血浆肾上腺髓质素及降钙素基因相关肽的变化

目的：探讨老年高血压病心衰患者血浆肾上腺髓质素（ADM），降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的浓度变化，探讨两种血管活性物质在老年原发性高血压心力衰竭过程中的变化及意义。方法：选取30例正常人及80例老年原发性高血压患者，其中高血压I期39例，高血压心衰41例，用特异性放射免疫法测定血浆ADM，CGRP的浓度。结果：原发性高血压患血浆ADM的浓度较正常对照组明显升高（P＜0．01），血浆CGRP的浓度较正常对照组明显降低（P＜0．01），而原发性高血压心衰患者血浆ADM浓度较高血压I期患者显著升高（P＜0．01），血浆CGRP的浓度较高血压I期患者显著降低（P＜0．01），在高血压心衰患者，随着心功能分级的增高，ADM的浓度明显增加，CGRP的浓度明显降低（P＜0．01），结论：血浆ADM合成增加及CGRP的分泌减少是老年原发性原发性高血压心衰过程中血管活性物质调节紊乱的特点，可以作为观察老年原发性高血压心衰过程中心功能变化的指标。     

无创正压通气对慢性肺心病患者血浆降钙素基因相关肽及内皮素的影响

目的通过观察无创正压通气（NIPPV）在治疗慢性肺心病伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭过程中对血浆内皮素（ET）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的影响,探讨NIPPV治疗慢性肺心病呼吸衰竭的机理。方法对26例肺心病呼吸衰竭患者进行NIPPV治疗,于NIPPV治疗前和治疗后2、24 h抽血,分别用放射免疫法测定血浆ET和CGRP含量,与正常对照组对照,并将治疗前后结果进行比较。结果慢性肺心病伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者血浆ET水平明显高于健康人,CGRP水平明显低于健康人（P〈0.01）,经NIP-PV治疗后,随着通气改善,血浆ET水平下降,CGRP水平回升（P〈0.01）,治疗2 h与正常组比较已无显著差异（P〉0.05）,并且CGRP水平与PaO2呈正相关（r=0.336,P〈0.01）。结论NIPPV在改善慢性肺心病呼吸衰竭患者通气功能的同时,也使患者血浆ET降低及CGRP水平升高,提示NIPPV治疗慢性肺心病呼吸衰竭的疗效机制,可能有神经-内分泌机制参与。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Echocardiography in the Emergency Department: From the Perspective of the Emergency Physician and the Cardiologist

Echocardiography performed in the emergency department must adapt to this new setting for noninvasive diagnostic testing. Emergency physicians require echocardiography to provide rapid diagnosis in life-threatening emergencies. New initiatives are being proposed by emergency physicians in the delivery of this test. Cardiologists now use echocardiography in the emergency-department to make the diagnosis of heart disease earlier and with greater accuracy.