乙状窦前入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的 探索岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术入路及手术方式,并评价其疗效.方法 采用乙状窦前入路,应用显微神经外科技术,将岩斜区脑膜瘤分块行全切或部分切除.结果 9例病例中肿瘤全切6例,占66.6%;次全切除2例,占22.2%;大部分切除1例,占11.2%.无手术死亡病例,术后7例随访,平均20个月.6例正常生活,1例生活自理.MRI随访5例,未见肿瘤复发或再生长.结论 采用乙状窦前入路、应用显微神经外科技术治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤,能提高该病治愈率,减少并发症.     

大型岩斜脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的　对 12例大型岩斜脑膜瘤行乙状窦前入路的显微手术治疗 ,探讨该入路治疗岩斜脑膜瘤的要点。方法　总结岩斜脑膜瘤的临床表现、神经影像学特征和术中要点。结果　肿瘤全切除 10例 ,次全切除 1例 ,大部切除 1例 ,术后好转率 83.3%。结论　大型岩斜脑膜瘤首选乙状窦前入路 ,掌握术中暴露要点和分离技巧可提高手术疗效     

经颞下-乙状窦前入路切除巨大岩斜脑膜瘤

目的 :岩斜型脑膜瘤的手术切除相当困难 ,本文对经颞下 -乙状窦前入路切除该区肿瘤作一评价。　 方法 :回顾分析我院 1994年 11月～ 1996年 1月经颞下 -乙状窦前入路切除的巨大岩斜型脑膜瘤 5例。　 结果 :5例患者中 ,全切除 3例 ,其中 2例恢复良好 ,1例术后偏瘫和多脑神经麻痹 ;因肿瘤与脑干不能分开而行肿瘤次全切除和部分切除各 1例 ,其中 1例遗留永久性动眼神经麻痹 ,另 1例术后长期昏迷。　 结论 :经颞下 -乙状窦前入路切除该区肿瘤具有以下优点 :1.到达岩斜区最直接、路径最短 ;2 .手术野开阔 ,显露良好 ;3.可多视角操作 ;4 .只需很轻的脑牵拉。肿瘤不能全切除和患者出现严重并发症的主要原因是 ,肿瘤包裹了基底动脉及其分支及侵犯了软脑膜 ,使肿瘤与脑干间失去蛛网膜界面     

锁孔入路显微手术切除后颅窝肿瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨锁孔手术入路应用于后颅窝肿瘤手术的疗效及手术技巧。方法 后颅窝肿瘤患者43例,其中CP角肿瘤20例(听神经瘤18例、脑膜瘤、室管膜瘤各1例)、岩斜区脑膜瘤8例、桥脑肿瘤6例(胶质瘤3例、转移癌2例、胶质增生1例)、四脑室肿瘤4例(髓母细胞瘤、室管膜瘤各2例)、小脑半球肿瘤3例(转移癌2例、血管母细胞瘤1例)、天幕缘脑膜瘤、枕大孔．鞍区．CP角胆脂瘤各1例。根据肿瘤解剖位置及其特性,选择颞下、乳突后或枕下正中锁孔入路进行手术切除。结果 43例肿瘤全切除37例(86．0％),次全切除5例(11．6％),大部分切除1例(2．3％)。无与锁孔入路相关并发症出现。18例听神经瘤患者均肿瘤全切除,面神经解剖保留15例(83,3％),其中1例患者手术后第2天因脑干水肿死亡。8例岩斜区脑膜瘤患者,5例肿瘤全切除,2例次全切除,1例大部分切除,其中2例患者术后遗有轻度偏瘫,1例有轻度面瘫。6例桥脑肿瘤患者,3例肿瘤全切除,3例次全切除,术后无神经功能障碍。其他患者肿瘤均全切除,除1例巨大胆脂瘤患者复视在术后无明显好转外,无其他神经功能障碍。结论 锁孔入路进行后颅窝肿瘤手术具有安全、简捷、微创的效果,是神经外科手术发展的一个方向。     

耳前锁孔颞下入路切除岩斜区肿瘤

目的 探讨电生理监测下耳前锁孔颞下入路显微手术治疗岩斜区肿瘤的手术技巧和治疗效果。方法 根据肿瘤术前影像学特点,采用耳前锁孔颞下入路切除肿瘤,术中辅以神经电生理监测。结果 本组共18例患者,其中15例肿瘤全切除(83.3%),2例次全切除(11.1%),1例大部切除(5.6%)。术后出现动眼神经麻痹1例,术后9 d出院时已恢复;复视2例,其中1例4个月后恢复,1例6个月后复查明显缓解;面部感觉减退3例,1例2个月后基本缓解,2例6个月后恢复;面瘫1例,6个月后痊愈;无脑脊液漏、偏瘫、失语及死亡病例。结论 耳前锁孔颞下入路显微手术是治疗主要位于中、上斜坡的岩斜区肿瘤的理想选择,术中神经电生理监测有助于保护神经功能,减少神经功能损害。     

改良颞下-经小脑幕入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的探讨改良颞下-经小脑幕入路显微手术切除岩斜区膜瘤瘤的显微手术技术。方法在传统颞下-经小脑幕入路的基础上，离断颧弓切除Labbe氏静脉前颞下回脑组织。采用显微外科技术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤7例。结果肿瘤全切除2例，次全切除3例，大部分切除2例。术后肢体轻瘫2例。面神经和动眼神经不全麻痹各1例，无手术死亡。随访8～36个月，2例恢复良好，4例生活自理，1例生活需要照顾。结论改良颞下-经小脑幕入路具有操作简单，创伤小，易于掌握，特别适用于中上斜坡脑膜瘤手术，是切除岩斜区脑膜瘤较理想的手术入路。     

乙状窦后锁孔入路颈静脉孔区肿瘤手术治疗探讨

目的：探讨经枕下海乙状窦后锁孔入路对颈静脉孔区肿瘤的手术治疗。方法8例颈静脉孔区占位病变,均采用乙状窦后“锁孔”入路。结果6例肿瘤全切,2例有少许残余。术后病理神经鞘瘤3例,脑膜瘤2例,黑色素瘤1例,胆脂瘤2例。临床症状均好转,4例术前吞咽障碍术后3个月恢复正常。结论枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路在内镜辅助下对颈静脉孔区肿瘤切除是安全、可行的,但由于目前手术器械所限,对颈静脉孔区肿瘤有一定的选择性。     

锁孔入路显微手术切除颅底肿瘤

目的 探讨锁孔入路显微手术切除颅底肿瘤的手术技巧和适应证。方法 分别经眶上、翼点、眉间、颞下和枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路采用显微外科技术切除颅底肿瘤18例，内窥镜辅助的显微外科技术切除颅底肿瘤4例。结果 肿瘤全切除13例，次全切除6例，大部分切除3例，无锁孔入路相关严重并发症和手术死亡。结论 锁孔入路显微手术切除颅底肿瘤具有创伤小、脑牵拉损伤轻、术后恢复快的优点，适合于病灶范围相对局限的颅底肿瘤。     

乙状窦前入路治疗岩骨斜坡区病变

经岩骨入路切除岩骨斜坡区 (下称岩斜区 )肿瘤已有近百年历史。 190 4年Ｆｒａｅｎｋｅｌ[1 ] 首次报道了枕下 -经迷路入路切除听神经瘤 ,1977年Ｈａｋｕｂｕ[2 ] 据此改为经岩骨 -经小脑幕入路做斜坡脑膜瘤全切除术 ,术中保留迷路。 1988年ＡｌＭｅｆｔｙ等在应用小脑幕上下联合入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤时提出了乙状窦前入路到达岩斜区。目前 ,乙状窦前迷路后小脑幕上下联合入路已公认为到达岩斜区的最佳入路。1　辅助检查乙状窦前入路标志是乙状窦前打开硬膜 ,保留迷路及耳蜗[3 ] 。因此 ,相关的辅助检查对病变的诊断和指导手术是十分必要的…     

神经外科"锁孔"显微手术的应用

19例“锁孔”(keyhole)手术，采用经眉弓、经纵裂、经颞及经颞下4种入路，其中采用经眉弓眶上入路最多，共12例。本组垂体瘤11例，全切8例，次全切除3例。其他3例肿瘤除1例岩斜鞍区脑膜瘤近全切除外，均获全切。且所有病例术中均未输血，术后均无感染。“锁孔”技术是依据放射影像学，针对病人的解剖特点和病变的具体情况，个性化地设计和选择恰当的窗口和手术通道到达目标，同时减少对周围结构的侵袭，降低手术副损伤。“锁孔”手术创伤小，时间短，出血少，术中大多可以不输血；术后恢复快，减少了住院费用，且出院后即可恢复正常的社会活动。     

Keyhole approach surgery for petroclival meningioma

Background In China, the feasibility of keyhole approach in surgical treatment of petroclival meningioma has not been well evaluated. This report summarized our experience in 25 patients with petroclival meningioma who had been treated with keyhole approach surgery. Methods From July 2000 to July 2005, 25 patients with petroclival meningioma were subjected to resection via subtemporal, retrosigmoid or combined keyhole approaches. The extent of tumor resection was evaluated by MRI 3 months after surgery, and postoperative complications were investigated. Results The maximum diameter of tumors ranged from 2 to 7 cm （mean, 4.5 cm）. Gross total resection （GTR） was achieved in 14 patients, giving a GTR rate of 56%. Subtotal resection （STR） was carried out in 8 patients and partial resection in 3. Thirteen patients kept normal neurological status, whereas others suffered from cranial nerve deficits （Ⅶ, Ⅶ, Ⅲ and lower CN）. One patient died in the postoperative period. Conclusions Keyhole approach surgery, especially the combined keyhole approach is suitable for the treatment of petroclival meningioma. It provides easy and quick access to the supra- and infratentorial juxta-clival region without drilling of the petrous bone. Complications related to the approach can be minimized.     

颞下经小脑幕岩骨嵴入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的:探讨显微外科条件下以颞下经小脑幕岩骨嵴入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析23例岩斜区脑膜瘤病人的临床资料,手术入路均选择颞下经小脑幕岩骨嵴入路,其中7例联合幕下乙状窦后入路。结果:对术后肿瘤切除程度根据Simpson分级:Ⅰ^Ⅱ级切除12例;Ⅲ级切除3例;Ⅳ级切除8例。术后出现昏迷2例;面神经功能小于Ⅲ级7例;眼球运动障碍11例;听力障碍2例;肢体肌力下降3例;颅内感染2例;死亡1例。15例随访6Ⅱ级切除12例;Ⅲ级切除3例;Ⅳ级切除8例。术后出现昏迷2例;面神经功能小于Ⅲ级7例;眼球运动障碍11例;听力障碍2例;肢体肌力下降3例;颅内感染2例;死亡1例。15例随访6³0个月,术前症状及术后并发症大部分不同程度改善,随访期内10例无肿瘤复发及残余肿瘤进展,5例肿瘤明显复发再次手术。结论:颞下经小脑幕岩骨嵴入路是岩斜区脑膜瘤手术治疗的重要方式,具有暴露满意、手术创伤小的优点。联合幕下乙状窦后入路可进一步增大幕下的暴露范围。对于无法全切的SimpsonⅢ级以上肿瘤,术后可辅助γ刀放射治疗抑制残余肿瘤进展,降低复发率。     

桥小脑角脑膜瘤经枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术策略

目的探讨桥小脑角脑膜瘤的临床特点,经枕下乙状窦后入路的显微手术治疗技巧。方法收集2006年1月-2010年12月山西医科大学附属第一医院采用枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗的31例桥小脑角脑膜瘤的临床资料,对其在肿瘤切除程度、面听神经功能保护等方面进行回顾性研究。结果31例中行Simpson Ⅰ级切除8例（25．8%）,Ⅱ级17例（54．8％）,Ⅲ级6例（19．4％）,术后临床症状改善者22例,基本同术前者7例,症状加重者2例,无死亡病例,面神经功能保留者23例（74．2％）,听力保留者21例（67．7％）。结论枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术治疗桥小脑角脑膜瘤安全、有效,术中结合电生理监测及神经内镜技术,可以提高肿瘤的全切率,面听神经功能保留率,改善患者术后生活质量。     

Quantification of the presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach to petroclival region

Background Despite the presigmoid transpetrosal approach has been used by different researchers in various ways, the surgical injury rate remains high. Applying a minimally invasive keyhole idea, we devised a presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach （PTKA）, classified and quantitatively assessed their approach to the petroclival area on a cadaver model by using a neuronavigation system.
Methods The presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach was divided into four increasingly morbidity-producing steps： retrolabyrinthine, partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy, translabyrinthine and transcochlear keyhole approaches. Six latex-injected cadaveric heads （twelve sides） underwent dissection in which a neuronavigation system was used. An area of exposure 10 cm superficial to a central target （working area） was calculated. The area of clival exposure with each subsequent dissection was also calculated.
Results The retrolabyrinthine keyhole approach （RLK） spares hearing and facial function in theory but provides for only a small window of upper clival exposure. The view afforded by partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy keyhole approach （PLPAK） provides for up to four times this exposure. The translabyrinthine keyhole approach （TLK） and transcochlear keyhole approach （TCK）, although producing more morbidity, add little in terms of a larger petroclival window. However, with each step, the surgical freedom for manipulation of instruments increases.
Conclusions The presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach to the petroclival area is feasible and useful. The RLK has relatively limited utility. For lesions without bone invasion, the PLPAK provides a much more versatile exposure with an excellent chance of hearing and facial nerve preservation. The TLK provides for greater versatility in treating lesions but clival exposure is not greatly enhanced. The TCK adds little in terms of intradural exposure but should be reserved for cases in which access to the petrous carotid arter     

Minimally invasive keyhole approaches for removal of tumors of the third ventricle

Background In recent years, keyhole microsurgery has become an important subject of modern minimally invasive neurosurgery. In this study, minimally invasive techniques avoiding unnecessary tissue injuries were applied to refine traditional approaches for the removal of third ventricular tumors within a limited operative filed. Methods Individualized keyhole approaches were designed according to the characteristics of third ventricular tumors and their growth patterns. A series of keyhole approaches such as supraorbital subfrontal approach, infratentorial supracerebellar approach, interhemispheric transcallosal approach, pterional approach were taken to enter the third ventricle anteriorly, posteriorly, superiorly or laterally, respectively. A total of 34 removed tumors in or extended into the third ventricle included 11 craniopharyngiomas, 10 pituitary adenomas, 2 pinealomas, 1 cholesteatoma, 3 germinomas, and 7 gliomas. Results Total tumor resection was done in 27 （79.4%） of the patients, and subtotal resection in 7 patients （20.6%）. Residual tumor was due to tight adherence of germinoma to the vein of Galen （1 patient）, craniopharyngioma to the pituitary stalk （3）, supratentorial extension of pineal region gliomas （1）, suprasellar extension of gliomas （1） and giant pituitary adenoma （1）. Complications such as brain contusion, postoperative hemorrhage and infection were not associated with keyhole approaches. Extended incision or enlarged bone flap was not made because of episode during operation or inadequate exposure. Conclusions Keyhole approaches are safe, effective and minimally invasive in the surgical treatment of tumors deeply seated in the third ventricle. Individualized keyhole approach ensures a successful treatment. Tumors in the upper middle part of the third ventricle can be exposed by the interhemispheric transcallosal keyhole approach. Tumors of the posterior third ventricle may be well exposed by the infratentorial supracerebellar keyhole approach. Tumors of the anterior third ventricle can be entered by either a supraorbital subfrontal keyhole approach or a pterional keyhole approach.     

侵入海绵窦的岩斜脑膜瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨侵入海绵窦的岩斜脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术策略、手术技巧和治疗效果.方法　回顾性分析2004年4月至2009年3月南昌大学第一附属医院临床资料完整的15例侵入海绵窦的岩斜脑膜瘤病例,总结其临床特点.本组均采用经乙状窦前入路,手术策略为全切除岩斜区肿瘤,对侵入海绵窦内的肿瘤行次全切除,术后辅以γ刀治疗.分析手术后颅神经功能和病人生存状况.结果头痛头晕、外展麻痹和面部麻木为本病的主要症状.手术近全切除肿瘤13例,切除≥90%2例.12例残余肿瘤术后行γ刀治疗.无手术死亡,术后无新增颅神经损害6例,出现动眼神经麻痹6例,面部麻木7例,外展功能障碍4例,面瘫7例.随访6～59个月(平均38.6个月),12例恢复正常工作和生活,2例生活自理,1例生活需他人照顾.13例无肿瘤复发,2例残余肿瘤增大者中1例经γ刀治疗肿瘤生长得到控制.眼球运动和上睑下垂均完全恢复,面瘫基本恢复,面部麻木5例部分缓解,外展功能障碍无明显改善.结论对侵人海绵窦的岩斜脑膜瘤应采用合理的手术策略,尽可能减少手术引起的神经损害,有利于提高病人的生存质量.     

Anatomic structural study of cerebellopontine angle via endoscope

Background  Minimally invasive surgery in skull base relying on searching for possible anatomic basis for endoscopic technology is controversial. The objective of this study was to observe the spatial relationships between main blood vessels and nerves in the cerebellopontine angle area and provide anatomic basis for lateral and posterior skull base minimally invasive surgery via endoscopic retrosigmoid keyhole approach.
Methods  This study was conducted on thirty dried adult skulls to measure the spatial relationships among the surface bony marks of posterior cranial fossa, and to locate the most appropriate drilling area for retrosigmoid keyhole approach. In addition, we used 10 formaldehyde-fixed adult cadaver specimens for simulating endoscopic retrosigmoid approach to determine the visible scope.
Results  The midpoint between the mastoid tip and the asterion was the best drilling point for retrosigmoid approach. A hole centered on this point with the 2.0 cm in diameter was suitable for exposing the related structures in the cerebellopontine angle. Retrosigmoid keyhole approach can decrease the pressure on the cerebellum and expose the related structures effectively which include facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery and labyrinthine artery, etc.
Conclusions  Exact location on endoscope retrosigmoid approach can avoid dragging cerebellum during the minimally invasive surgery. The application of retrosigmoid keyhole approach will extend the application of endoscopic technology.

     

显微手术辅助γ刀治疗鞍区大型脑膜瘤的临床效果和安全性评价

目的:探讨显微手术切除辅助γ刀治疗鞍区大型脑膜瘤的临床效果和安全性,阐明该方法对鞍区大型脑膜瘤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析显微手术治疗的34例鞍区大型脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。所有患者先行显微手术切除肿瘤,有残留的部位术后1个月行γ刀治疗,分析其肿瘤切除情况、并发症、症状缓解率以及复发率。结果:肿瘤全切(SimpsonⅠ级7例,Ⅱ级12例)19例(55.9%)、次全切(Simpson Ⅲ级)14例(41.2%)和大部分切除(Simpson Ⅳ级)1例(2.9%);术后主要并发症有颅神经损伤(动眼、滑车和外展)6例、对侧肢体轻瘫2例、术后出血1例、脑脊液漏伴感染3例和继发性癫痫3例,无手术死亡。随访3~48个月,24例头痛消失(80%),6例减轻(20%);12例视力好转(80%),2例无明显变化(13.3%),1例加重(6.7%);5例嗅觉好转(62.5%),3例无变化(37.5%);5例眼球运动障碍恢复(71.4%),2例无变化(28.6%);7例一侧肢体无力患者术后肌力均恢复正常(100%)。全切患者中1例复发(5.2%),未全切患者均行γ刀治疗,2例复发(13.3%)。结论:显微手术辅助γ刀治疗对鞍区大型脑膜瘤治疗效果良好。     

单侧额下入路切除嗅沟脑膜瘤24例分析

目的总结单侧额下入路切除嗅沟脑膜瘤的手术治疗经验。方法回顾性分析我科2004～2011年间24例采用单侧额下入路切除嗅沟脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果肿瘤SimpsonⅠ级切除15例,SimpsonⅡ级切除9例,无手术死亡。结论对于嗅沟脑膜瘤采用单侧额下入路切除符合微侵袭的观念,可以提供足够的空间,满足不同大小、生长方向嗅沟脑膜瘤切除的需要。