药物性肝损害36例临床分析

目的提高对药物性肝损害诊断的准确性。方法对36例药物性肝损害（DILI）患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果在药物性肝损害患者中，中药9例（25％），居首位，其次为抗生素7例（19.4％）和抗结核药物6例（16．7％）。临床主要表现为皮肤巩膜黄染（55．6％）、乏力（47.2％）、纳差（44．4％）；其中肝细胞损伤型22．2％，胆汁淤积型66．7％，混合型11．1％．结论药物性肝损害是临床常见病，应重视中药的肝毒性，提高对药物性肝损害的识别，尤其应重视胆汁淤积型肝病的鉴别诊断。     

药物性肝损伤临床相关因素分析

目的探讨190例药物性肝损伤病例的病因、临床特点及预后相关因素,以指导临床诊断和治疗。方法对我院2006年1月-2010年12月190例药物性肝损伤住院病例进行回顾性研究,分析其用药、临床表现和预后转归情况。结果引起药物性肝损伤的药物品种繁多,其中抗肿瘤药占首位56例（29．4％）,中药50例（26．3％）;临床分型以肝细胞型为主152例（80．0％）,胆汁淤积型24例（12．6％）;临床表现无明显特异性,其中无任何临床表现者84例（44．2％）,有明显黄疸者48例（25.3％）;经治疗后治愈30例（15．8％）,好转150例（78．9％）,死亡0例,10例失访。结论近年来药物性肝损伤呈明显增加趋势,以抗肿瘤药及中药为主,一般预后较好。     

抗结核药物致肝损害63例探讨

1989～1994年我们采用联合治疗方案，治疗肺结核405例，发生药物性肝损害63例（15．6％）。经加服保肝药，收到了一定效果，现报告如下。至临床资料1．1一般情况男49例，女14例；年龄15～62岁，平均48．6岁。63例中，初治菌阳性肺结核16例（25．4％），菌阴性肺结核38例（60．3％）。复治菌阳性肺结核2例（3．2％），菌阴性肺结核7例（11．l％）。复治病例均经过应用2～4种抗结核药物治疗，用药卫～6个月，眼药期间无丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）异常史。全部病例子治疗前已除外肝结核，既往无肝炎史，肝功正常。1．2方法405例均采用异烟讲0．…     

药物性肝损害113例临床分析

目的探讨药物性肝损害的临床特点及预后相关因素。方法回顾性分析113例住院诊断为药物性肝损害的患者,分析其临床特点及预后相关因素。结果 113例药物性肝损害患者治疗有效率为66.37%,无效率33.63%;其中致肝损害药物前三位为中草药类,抗微生物药,抗结核药,分别占38.05%,20.35%,10.62%;TBil、ALP、ALB、PTA及并发症是影响疗效的相关因素。结论中草药和抗微生物药是目前药物性肝损害的主要药物;药物性肝损害的疗效与TBil、ALP、ALB、PTA及并发症有关。     

儿童急性胰腺炎的CT表现

目的：探讨儿童急性胰腺炎的CT特征及其CT检查价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析58例临床确诊的急性胰腺炎病例的临床和CT资料。结果：单纯水肿型胰腺炎43例（占74．1％），出血坏死型胰腺炎15例（占25．9％）。儿童胰腺炎CT表现包括：①胰腺本身改变：胰腺局部或弥漫性增大46例（占79．3％），密度改变18例（占31％），胰腺断裂2例（占3．4％），胰腺包膜掀起6例（占10．3％）。②胰外改变：主要为胰外积液，共38例占（65．5％）。胰外积液中以肾旁前间隙积液最多，有30例（占51．7％），小网膜囊积液次之，为26例（占44．8％）。③并发症：包括假性囊肿14例（占24．1％）、脓肿1例（占1．7％）等。结论：儿童胰腺炎胰腺坏死的发生率低，并发假性囊肿、脓肿较少，但胰外积液的发生率高。CT对儿童胰腺炎的诊断、病情监测、治疗评估等都有很大意义。     

药物相关性青光眼51例临床分析

目的探讨药物相关性青光眼的病因、临床特点、发病机理及预防方法。方法对51例（65眼）药物相关性青光眼患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果51例（65眼）中,皮质类固醇性青光眼27例,占52．9％;抗胆碱药诱发的青光眼22例,占43．2％;硝酸甘油诱发的青光眼2例,占3．9％。结论药物相关性青光眼的原发疾病较广,皮质类固醇诱发的多为开角型青光眼,与药物的过久使用和敏感性有关;抗胆碱药诱发的多为急性闭角型青光眼,与窄房角和浅前房有关;硝酸甘油诱发的多为急性闭角型青光眼,与全身血管扩张有关;防治药物相关性青光眼必须合理用药、提高认识、加强宣教。     

同种异体肾移植术后肝功能损害的预防与诊治

目的：提高同种异体肾移植术后肝损害的预防、诊断和治疗水平。方法：对71例同种异体肾移植术后合并肝损害患者临床资料进行分析，根据病情调整免疫抑制、抗病毒和保肝治疗。结果：2例因肝功能衰竭死亡，1例移植肾脏摘除后肝功能改善，余68例肝功能均恢复正常。药物性肝损害发生率为76．1％，而肝炎病毒感染则与重度肝损害密切相关（P〈0．05），发生率为21．1％。结论：同种异体肾移植术后肝损害可危及移植肾脏的功能发挥和患者的长期存活，加强预防、及时诊断和合理用药可有效改善病情。     

胸腺素联合还原型谷胱甘肽治疗药物性肝损害疗效观察

目的：观察胸腺素联合还原型谷胱甘肽治疗药物性肝损害的临床疗效。方法：选择药物性肝损害85例,随机分为对照组42例和观察组43例。两组均停用肝损害药物,对照组给予门冬氨酸钾镁注射液、甘草酸二胺注射液静脉滴注等护肝降酶、退黄治疗;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,加用还原型谷胱甘肽及胸腺素静脉滴注。疗程均为4周。观察并比较两组临床疗效和不良反应,以及治疗前后谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和总胆红素（TBIL）水平变化。结果：观察组总有效率88．4％,显著高于对照组的64．3％（P〈O．05）。两组治疗后血清ALT、AST、TBIL水平均较治疗前显著或非常显著下降（P〈0．05,P〈O．01）,观察组治疗后ALT、6舰、TBIL水平显著低于对照组（P〈O．05）。结论：胸腺素联合还原型谷胱甘肽治疗药物性肝损害疗效确切,肝功能恢复较快。     

原发性胆囊癌的MRI诊断

目的：分析原发性胆囊癌的MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的83例原发性胆囊癌的MRI资料。结果：83例胆囊癌MRI术前诊断的符合率为91．57％（76／83）。原发性胆囊癌在MRI上分4型：胆囊壁增厚型（33例）,乳头结节型（16例）,肿块型（24例）,混合型（壁增厚及结节）（10例）;合并慢性胆囊炎及胆囊结石的有65例,占（78．31％）。结论：MRI对胆囊癌临床诊断及治疗能提供有价值指导资料。     

硫普罗宁联合甘草酸二铵治疗药物性肝损害临床观察

目的：观察硫普罗宁（凯西莱）联合甘草酸二铵（甘利欣）治疗药物性肝损害的临床疗效。方法：将40例药物性肝损害患者随机分为观察组和对照组各20例,分别给予硫普罗宁联合甘草酸二铵治疗和单用甘草酸二铵治疗。结果：肝功能指标恢复总有效率、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶恢复总有效率、临床症状改善率,观察组分别为90％、75％、90%,对照组分别为60%、30％、50％;两组比较,差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论：硫普罗宁联合甘草酸二铵治疗药物性肝损害疗效显著,谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）恢复早,效果优于单用甘草酸二铵。     

肝组织活检诊断为药物性肝损伤的肝功能异常患者临床特征分析

 目的 分析179例肝组织活检诊断药物性肝损伤的肝功能异常患者临床特征。方法 回顾性分析2010-01至2015-01解放军总医院第五医学中心收治的符合条件的诊断为肝功能异常且可排除甲乙丙戊型病毒性肝炎、EB病毒及CMV病毒性感染、自身免疫性肝病、酒精性肝病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病,以及遗传代谢性肝病导致的肝损伤病例179例。依据肝组织活检病理结果将病例分为急性/亚急性组和慢性组,分析两组间临床特征及病理表现差异。结果 在发病类型方面,急性/亚急性肝损伤以青年为主(64.3%),而对于慢性肝损伤以老年为主(53.7%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。临床症状表现中,乏力、肝区不适、发热、皮肤瘙痒方面,两组之间相比差异无统计学意义;而急性/亚急性组中纳差(50.0% vs 30.9%)和尿黄(58.9% vs 35.0%)症状较慢性组更明显(P＜0.05)。肝功能生化检测指标方面,急性/亚急性组在ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL方面明显高于慢性组,有统计学差异(P＜0.01),但两组在ALP、GGT、ANA的分布比例无统计学差异。急性/亚急性组与慢性组药物性肝损伤的病理表现不同,两组在胆汁淤积病理表现方面没有差异,而急性/亚急性组多见于混合型病理表现,慢性组多见肝细胞损伤病理表现。结论 老年人易发生慢性药物性肝损伤,并且多以肝细胞损伤病理表现为主,对于病因不明的反复肝功能异常老年患者,应警惕慢性药物性肝损伤的可能。     

药物性肝病的CT表现与病理对照

目的:探讨药物性肝病的影像表现及其病理基础.方法:回顾性分析50例药物性肝病的临床、影像及病理资料,所有病例均行肝穿病理检查及腹部CT平扫和增强扫描.结果:50例药物性肝病的腹部CT扫描中48例出现异常,其中局灶性肝损害29例(58%),弥漫性肝脏损害14例(28%),肝硬化表现5例(10%);肝脏外形改变,表面欠光整...     

Multidetector-row CT of right hemidiaphragmatic rupture caused by blunt trauma: a review of 12 cases

AIM: To determine the usefulness of multidetector-row CT (MDCT) with multiplanar reformatted (MPR) images in the sagittal and coronal plane in diagnosing acute right hemidiaphragmatic rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients were identified who received chest and abdominal MDCT after major blunt trauma diagnosed with right diaphragmatic injury. Sagittal and coronal reformations were performed in all cases. The images were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced radiologists for signs of right diaphragm injury, such as direct diaphragm discontinuity, the "collar sign", the "dependent viscera sign", and intra-thoracic location of herniated abdominal contents. RESULTS: Of the 12 cases of right hemidiaphragm rupture, diaphragm discontinuity was seen in seven (58%) cases, the collar sign in five (42%), the dependent viscera sign in four (33%), and transdiaphragmatic herniation of the right colon and fat in another. Two variants of the collar sign were apparent on high-quality sagittal and coronal reformations. The first, termed the "hump sign", describes a rounded portion of liver herniating through the diaphragm forming a hump-shaped mass, and the second, termed the "band sign," is a linear lucency across the liver along the torn edges of the hemidiaphragm. The hump sign occurred in 10 (83%) patients and the band sign in four (33%). CONCLUSION: MDCT is very useful in the diagnosis of right hemidiaphragm injury caused by blunt trauma when sagittal and coronal reformatted images are obtained, and should allow more frequent preoperative diagnosis.     

膝部急性隐匿性骨损伤的MRI评价

目的:评价MRI对膝部急性隐匿性骨损伤的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析113例符合纳入条件的急性膝部创伤患者的MRI图像,采用Mink膝部隐匿性骨损伤分类方法进行观察.结果:骨挫伤71例,骨软骨损伤25例,隐匿骨折15例,应力骨折2例.这些损伤的MRI表现形态各异,信号特点较为一致,以T1WI和STIR显示较好.结论:MR...     

多发伤严重并发症的监护治疗

目的总结ICU中多发伤严重并发症的发生率和救治经验。方法回顾性分析第三军医大学大坪医院重症医学科2013年1月～2016年1月治疗的150例严重多发伤患者的临床资料,总结分析多发伤严重并发症,如创伤性休克、创伤致死三联征、脓毒症、腹腔间隙综合征、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、急性肾损伤、急性胃肠损伤的发生率以及监护治疗措施和结局。结果本组共150例,发生创伤性休克109例(72.7%);创伤致死三联征89例(59.3%),其中发生弥散性血管内凝血7例(4.7%),死亡3例(2%);脓毒症41例(27.3%),其中脓毒性休克14例(9.3%);腹腔间隙综合征2例(14.7%),死亡2例(1.3%);急性呼吸窘迫综合征36例(24.0%),死亡1例(0.6%);急性肾损伤37例(24.7%);急性胃肠损伤53例(35.3%)。ICU住院天数5～36d,平均8.9d。顺利转科136例(90.7%),自动出院8例(5.3%),死亡6例(4.0%)。结论进入ICU的多发伤患者并发症发生率高,以创伤性休克为主,而弥散性血管内凝血的死亡率最高,其次是腹腔间隙综合征,多发伤患者进入ICU实施严密监测,对并发症的防治十分重要。     

急性脊髓损伤全身性炎症反应与ARDS及MODS

目的提高对急性脊髓损伤患者全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的认识,了解全身性炎症反应综合征与ARDS干MODS关系。方法分析115例急性脊髓损伤SIRS患者的临床资料,入选病例至少符合2个SIRS标准,围手术期ARDS和MODS则符合相应标准。另100例急性脊髓损伤但无全身性炎症反应综合症患者临床资料作为对照。结果符合SIRS急忡脊髓损伤患者115例,符合2项指标者35例(30．43％),符合3项指标者55例(47．83％),符合4项指标者25例(21．73％),115例SIRS患者中,发生ARDS 45例(39．13％),MODS 35例(30．43％),死亡15例(13．04％)。结论SIRS是临床重要的参考指标,它对患者围下术期的治疗有重要价值。     

Diagnostic sensitivity of computerized tomography in closed trauma of the diaphragm. Retrospective study of 35 consecutive cases

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and role of CT in blunt diaphragmatic injuries by reviewing our 8-year experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the preoperative CT findings of 35 patients with surgically confirmed diaphragmatic rupture. Surgical repair was performed in the acute setting (within 12 hours of trauma) in 22 cases, and late (8 months-5 years) in 13 cases. Twenty-eight patients (80%) were examined with conventional CT and 7 (20%) with Helical CT. Scans were initiated at the thoracic inlet to the pubic symphysis, with 8-mm slice thickness, after i.v. contrast agent administration. Four-mm slices were acquired in the region of interest; sagittal and coronal reformations were obtained for Helical CT images. RESULTS: In the acute group, 20 patients had left hemidiaphragmatic and 2 right hemidiaphragmatic rupture; thoracic herniation of the abdominal organs was seen in all cases. Of the 13 patients examined long after trauma, the left hemidiaphragm was ruptured in 12 cases (with visceral herniation in 4), and the right hemidiaphragm in 1, with no herniation. The diaphragmatic rent was found in the dome (15 cases, 43%), musculotendinous junction (11 cases, 31%), muscular portion (8 cases, 23%), and at the muscular attachments on the ribs (1 case, 3%). CT diagnosed diaphragmatic rupture in all the acute cases (22/35 patients, 63%) and in 4 patients with visceral herniation (11%) examined long after trauma. CT findings were questionable in the 9 cases (25%) not presenting visceral herniation. As for the site of diaphragmatic injury, CT never depicted the diaphragmatic rent in the dome and at the musculotendinous junction (74%), not even with thin slices and the multiplanar Helical technique. CT detected indirects signs of injury at the muscular portion (23%), showing the injury site directly in the case with diaphragmatic avulsion (3%). CONCLUSION: CT is a reliable tool in the diagnosis of suspected diaphragmatic injury in the acute trauma setting. Long after trauma, CT performs poorly because it depicts the diaphragmatic rent only in some peripheral traumas. Helical CT has greater diagnostic potentials, but the injury site and type do affect its capabilities.     

Drug-induced lung disease: high-resolution CT and histological findings

AIM: To compare the parenchymal high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) appearances with histological findings in patients with drug-induced lung disease and to determine the prognostic value of HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Drug history, HRCT features, histological findings and outcome at 3 months in 20 patients with drug induced-lung disease were reviewed retrospectively. The HRCT images were assessed for the pattern and distribution of abnormalities and classified as most suggestive of interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), organizing pneumonia (OP) reaction, or a hypersensitivity reaction. RESULTS: On histopathological examination there were eight cases of interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis, five of DAD, five of OP reactions, one of hypersensitivity reaction and one of pulmonary eosinophilia. The most common abnormalities on HRCT were ground-glass opacities (n = 17), consolidation (n = 14), interlobular septal thickening (n = 15) and centrilobular nodules (n = 8). HRCT interpretation and histological diagnosis were concordant in only nine (45%) of 20 patients. The pattern, distribution, and extent of HRCT abnormalities were of limited prognostic value: all eight patients with histological findings of OP, hypersensitivity reaction, or eosinophilic infiltrate improved on follow-up compared to only five of 13 patients with interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis or DAD. CONCLUSION: In many cases of drug-induced lung injury HRCT is of limited value in determining the histological pattern and prognosis.     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合异甘草酸镁治疗药物性肝损害疗效观察

目的观察多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合异甘草酸镁治疗药物性肝损害的临床疗效。方法观察组以多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合异甘草酸镁治疗药物性肝损害128例,对照组以甘草酸二胺治疗药物性肝损害92例,治疗结束后观察其症状、体征以及肝功能的变化。结果 2周后两组患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬酸氨基转移酶及总胆红素较治疗前均明显下降,组内差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,两组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,观察组显效率（75.78%）高于对照组显效率（64.13%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合异甘草酸镁可明显改善药物性肝损害的临床症状和肝功能指标,且显效率高,不良反应少。