肥胖儿童心理行为特征的配对调查

目的　通过对肥胖儿童与正常儿童的心理行为、生活方式等方面的调查 ,探讨儿童肥胖的可能危险因素。方法　抽取肥胖儿及健康儿童各 1 2 0名 ,采用自行设计的《青少年健康与行为调查表》 ,调查两者的家庭、社会状况、生活习惯及心理行为特征。结果　肥胖儿在反映体育行为、饮食行为、看电视时间、对肥胖的自我意识方面与正常对照组差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　不良生活方式和个人行为模式是导致儿童肥胖的重要原因     

学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖综合治疗效果观察

目的观察综合疗法治疗学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖症的可行性及治疗效果,为防治儿童单纯性肥胖提供依据.方法选择镇江市区12所幼儿园中的3～6岁单纯性肥胖儿童138例,随机分为2组.对实验组儿童进行3个月的饮食调整、运动处方、行为疗法等综合治疗,对照组不进行任何干预.每月给肥胖儿测一次身高、体重、皮脂厚度.结果治疗后,实验组体重减轻,皮脂厚度减薄,与对照组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05).实验组肥胖儿治愈率为42.03%,治疗总有效率为92.75%,轻度肥胖治愈率明显高于中、重度肥胖治愈率(P＜0.05),3岁和4岁组肥胖儿治愈率高于5岁和6岁组(P＜0.05);对照组无治愈例数,仅1例有效.结论综合疗法治疗儿童单纯性肥胖症是一种可行、有效,并值得推广的方法,对肥胖儿童进行早期干预可降低治疗难度.     

儿童单纯肥胖症群体综合干预研究

目的探讨儿童单纯肥胖症的群体综合干预方法,降低儿童肥胖发生率。方法从淮北市城区选择8所初级中学作为研究现场,其所有在校学生为研究对象,其中4所学校为干预组(2 346人) ,4所学校为对照组(2 834人)。采用WHO身高标准值为肥胖判断标准。对干预组进行为期3年的群体干预,干预措施包括膳食调整、运动处方、健康教育、行为矫正、耳穴按压等。干预对象为超重儿童及其家长、肥胖儿童及其家长及非肥胖儿童家长。对照组除与干预组同期体检外不施加任何干预措施。结果①经过3年干预,干预组肥胖发生率从9.8%降至7.0 % (P <0 .0 1) ,对照组肥胖发生率从9.8%上升为12 .5 % (P <0 .0 1)。干预后两组肥胖发生率差异有显著意义。②干预后肥胖度干预组从4 5 .9%±11.3%降至34.2 %±11.83% ,差异有显著意义(P <0 .0 5 ) ,对照组从4 6 .2 %±12 .1%上升至4 8.9%±13.7% ,差异无显著意义(P >0 .0 5 )。干预组与对照组儿童身高增长幅度基本一致。③干预后血TCH、TG、APOB及SBP降低,对照组肥胖儿童无明显变化。结论儿童单纯肥胖症群体综合干预可有效降低儿童肥胖发生率和肥胖度。     

学龄前肥胖儿及其家长饮食行为方式调查与分析

目的 了解学龄前肥胖儿及其家长饮食行为方式,为肥胖儿干预提供有力依据.方法 随机抽取西安市新城区4所幼儿园的所有儿童,筛查出肥胖儿童135人,按同班级、同年龄、同性别、身高相差5cm以内、身高别体重在标准体重10%以内、1:1的比例抽取正常儿童135人为对照,对其家长进行饮食行为调查.结果 ①84.2%的肥胖组家长和90.8%的对照组家长认为肥胖对健康有害,两组家长对肥胖的认识无明显差异(X2=0.113,P>0.05).但肥胖组有31.5%的家长认为自己的孩子不胖,这部分家长鼓励儿童进食的比例明显高于肥胖组认为自己孩子胖的家长(X2=6.604,P=0.037<0.05);②两组家长都存在鼓励孩子多吃的不良养育行为,但鼓励儿童多进食的家长比例对照组明显高于肥胖组,两组之间差异显著(X2=17.275,P<0.01);③两组儿童在进食量多、进食速度快、喜食油炸食品、甜饮料和糖果点心等行为上,肥胖组比例明显高于对照组(进食量多:X2=38.103,P=0.000;进食速度快:X2=8.512,P=0.004;喜食油炸食品X2=9.037,P=0.003;甜饮料X2=4.116,P=0.042;糖果点心X2=9.876,P=0.002),均有显著性差异(P<0.05).两组儿童看电视时间超过2小时、运动时间少于1小时人数的比例均无明显差异(看电视时间:X2=0.096,P>0.05;运动时间X2=0.169,P>0.05).结论 对照组家长在鼓励儿童过度进食方面更为严重;肥胖儿仍存在进食速度快,过度进食的不良饮食行为;关于饮食行为的教育不仅仅局限于肥胖儿及家长,正常儿及家长同样重要.     

宜春市肥胖儿童膳食营养状况及饮食行为研究

目的探素肥胖儿童膳食营养状况及与饮食行为的关系.方法对宜春市区4所小学93名单纯性肥胖儿童进行了膳食及饮食行为的配对调查研究.结果总热能、VB1和尼克酸摄入高于对照组,并有显著性意义.肥胖儿的皮脂厚度大于对照组(P＜0.01),在饭量、暴饮暴食等8个方面肥胖组与对照组差异有显著性.结论肥胖儿童应减少热能摄入,增加体育锻炼.     

健康教育对低龄儿童单纯性肥胖的早期干预研究

目的 :总结和评价健康教育对低龄儿童单纯性肥胖早期干预效果的有效性和可行性。方法 :对 2 0 0 0年 9月入园的 2～ 4岁低龄儿童 ,在排除疾病引起的肥胖及患有慢性疾病后的 2 2 38例儿童作为观察对象 ,随机分为两组。对干预组儿童进行连续 3年关于单纯性肥胖防治的健康教育。计算两组对象 3年后单纯性肥胖的趋势发生率和转化率 ,用 SAS 8.0统计软件进行χ2检验或 t检验。结果 :健康教育早期干预低龄儿童单纯性肥胖可以有效地降低儿童单纯性肥胖的发生率 ;干预组和对照组的身长发育没有差异 ,而干预组与肥胖相关的不良行为得到了有效改善。结论 :健康教育对 2～ 4岁低龄儿童进行早期干预可以有效地降低儿童成长性单纯肥胖症的发生率 ,提高肥胖儿的好转率。     

广州市肥胖儿童膳食营养状况及饮食行为研究

目的：为探索肥胖儿童膳食营养状况及与饮食行为的关系。方法：对广州市区3所小学93名单纯性肥胖儿童进行了膳食及饮食行为的配对调查研究。结果：总热能、VB1和尼克酸摄入高于对照组,并有显著性意义。肥胖儿的皮脂厚度大于对照组（P＜0．01）,在饭量、暴饮暴食等8个方面肥胖组与对照组有显著性差异。结论：肥胖儿童应减少热能摄入,增加体育煅炼。     

三位一体健康教育模式对肥胖学龄儿童体质量及自我控制能力的影响

目的分析家庭-学校-医院三位一体的健康教育模式对肥胖学龄儿童体质量和自我控制能力的影响。方法选择2018年5月-2019年6月两所小学的6～12岁肥胖儿童336名按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各168名,对照组儿童给予传统健康教育,研究组儿童采用家庭-学校-医院三位一体的健康教育模式进行干预6个月,比较两组儿童干预前、后身高、体质量、体质指数(BMI)的变化,分析干预前、后两组儿童超重及肥胖比例、自我控制量表(SCS)评分、饮食行为及运动方式的变化。结果研究组儿童干预后体质量及BMI均较干预前显著下降,身高较干预前增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组儿童干预后体质量及BMI均较对照组显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组儿童干预后身高、体质量高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),BMI差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后研究组儿童的肥胖率显著低于对照组,SCS评分显著高于干预前及对照组干预后,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组干预前、后SCS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后研究组儿童养成多吃杂粮、蔬菜、水果的比率较干预前及对照组干预后显著升高,少吃甜食、饮料、油炸食品的比率较干预前及对照组干预后降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组儿童干预前、后上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论家庭-学校-医院三位一体的健康教育模式能够有效控制儿童的体质量和BMI,提高了儿童的自我控制能力,改善了其饮食及运动,对治疗儿童肥胖具有重要作用。     

单纯性肥胖儿童心血管疾病易患因素的研究

对单纯性肥胖儿童心血管疾病易患因素进行研究。结果 :肥胖组儿童体质指数 (BMI)、收缩压(SBp)、舒张压 (DBp)显著高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1 ,P<0 .0 5) ;肥胖组儿童血总胆固醇 (Tch)、甘油三酯 (TG)和低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)显著升高 (P<0 .0 5) ,高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)肥胖组较对照组有所降低 ,但尚无统计学意义(P>0 .0 5) ;肥胖组儿童心脏彩超测定指标 IVST、 LVDD、 LVPWT、 LVM与对照组相比都明显增大 (P<0 .0 1 ,P<0 .0 5) ,而 LVMI两组比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5)。提示 :由于单纯性肥胖儿童心血管功能已经产生损害 ,故应对肥胖儿童进行干预治疗 ,降低心血管疾病的发生率     

儿童单纯性肥胖与心理行为关系的研究

目的: 探讨儿童单纯性肥胖与心理行为的关系以及有效的干预措施。方法: 采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL) 父母问卷及自制的一般情况问卷对 100例肥胖儿童和 200例正常儿童进行测查, 研究其行为问题并加以比较。结果: 肥胖组行为问题发生率 37. 00%, 高于对照组的 14.50% (χ2 =19.668, P<0 .01), 且随着肥胖程度的增加, 发生的频率和种类也相应增多。肥胖组与对照组各行为因子进行比较, 4~5岁男童组不成熟因子、分裂样因子的差异有显著性 (P<0 .05); 4~5岁女童组肥胖因子的差异有高度显著性 (P<0 .01); 6 ~11岁男童组强迫性因子、体诉因子、违纪因子的差异有显著性 (P<0. 05), 攻击因子的差异有高度显著性 (P<0. 01); 6~11岁女童组性问题因子、违纪因子的差异有高度显著性 (P<0. 01)。结论: 单纯性肥胖儿童较正常儿童存在更多的行为问题, 应根据肥胖儿童的行为特征, 制定行为干预措施。     

Weight Status and Dietary Intake among Female Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years in a Welfare Home, Kuala Lumpur

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 13 female children and 40 adolescents residing in a welfare home. The objectives of this study were to determine underweight, overweight rates and body fat percentages as well as assess the dietary intake of energy, selected macro- and micro-nutrients among the subjects aged 6-17 years. The anthropometric measurements collected were Body Mass Index (BMI) and skinfold thickness of five body sites - triceps, subscapular, abdomen, suprailiac, and thigh. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. This study indicated that the majority (75%) of the subjects were of normal weight, 21% were underweight and 4% were overweight. BMI and body fat percentages of the adolescents were found to be significantly higher than those of the children (t=-3.083, p=0.003; t=-7.321, p<0.001). A positive correlation between BMI and body fat percentage was also significant (r=0.791, p<0.001). In terms of dietary assessment, there were significant differences in percentage of RNI attainment between children and adolescents for energy, protein, iron, and folate (p<0.05). In conclusion, the majority of the children and adolescents had normal weight and average body fat percentages. Besides, all the children met the RNI requirements for all the studied nutrients while the adolescents met the RNI requirements for energy, protein, iron, and zinc with dietary calcium and folate slightly below the RNI requirements.     

Which measure of body fat distribution is best for epidemiologic research among adolescents?

Body fat distribution is a cardiovascular health risk factor in adults. The development of body fat distribution patterns in childhood remains to be explored and the appropriate index and relations of body fat distribution to cardiovascular risk factors in children is not clear. Data are available from the US Health Examination Survey (1966-1970), which included measurements of skinfold thickness, body and limb circumferences, biologic maturity, and risk factors (blood pressure, total cholesterol). Using canonical correlation analysis, the relation between sets of anthropometric variables and risk factors was explored, controlling for age, race, sex, and maturity stage. The relation of various body fat distribution and fatness indices used in adult studies to the risk factors was also explored using stepwise regression and partial correlation analyses. The first canonical correlations were significant between risk factors and both sets of anthropometric variables (skinfolds, 0.36-0.46; circumferences, 0.39-0.54). However, neither method revealed a clear cut pattern suggesting a role of centralized fatness. Rather, body fatness or size appeared to be the major correlate with risk factors in both races (black, white) and sexes and in each maturity status group. In the stepwise regression analysis, a body fatness or "size" variable (e.g., body mass index, hip circumference) invariably entered on step one. Only among the sexually mature did body fat distribution indices enter on the second step in a consistent manner. No one index seemed "better," although indices based on skinfold measures entered more often than the waist/hip ratio.     

Fatness, fat distribution, and glucose tolerance in second-generation Japanese-American (Nisei) men

The association between amount and distribution of fat and glucose tolerance was examined in 229 second-generation Japanese-American men. According to the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and by World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria, 79 men were normal, 72 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 78 had noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diagnostic groups were compared by using 10 measures of fatness derived from body mass indices, skinfold thicknesses, and fat areas, which were determined by computed tomography. IGT men were fatter than normal men on five measures; diabetic men were fatter on four and group differences were marginally significant (p greater than or equal to 0.03). Diabetic subjects had the largest deposits of subscapular (p = 0.01) and more biceps fat than normal men (p = 0.01); IGT men had more midthigh fat than diabetic men (p = 0.01). The diabetes and IGT groups possessed more intraabdominal fat (p = 0.003). For serum glucose levels there was an interaction between body mass index and subscapular fat.     

Risk factors for excess body fatness in New Zealand children

OBJECTIVE: To identify demographic and lifestyle risk factors for excess body fatness in a multiethnic sample of New Zealand children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1229 European, Polynesian, Asian, and 'Other' children aged 5-11 y (603 male, 626 female) living in New Zealand. MEASUREMENTS: Percentage body fat (%BF) was measured using hand-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis, and overfat participants were defined as those with a %BF greater than 25% (boys) and 30% (girls). A parent proxy questionnaire was developed for assessing demographic and lifestyle factors, and multiday memory pedometers were used to estimate physical activity levels over five days. RESULTS: After controlling for differences in sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES), Asian children were more likely to have excess body fat than European children. The adjusted odds of overfat also increased with age and decreased with SES. Three lifestyle risk factors related to fat status were identified: low physical activity, skipping breakfast, and insufficient sleep on weekdays. Clustering of these risk factors resulted in a cumulative increase in the prevalence of overfat. Active transport, sports participation, lunch bought at school, fast food consumption, sugary drink consumption, and weekend sleep duration were not associated with fat status after adjustment for the selected demographic variables. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study enhance our understanding of the risk factors for excess body fatness in New Zealand children, and highlight key demographic and lifestyle priorities for future interventions.     

矮小症儿童主观生活质量和社会适应能力的研究

目的 了解矮小症儿童主观生活质量及社会适应能力,为提高矮小症儿童的主观生活质量及社会适应能力提供理论及指导依据。方法 采用儿少主观生活质量问卷(ISLQ)及儿童适应行为评定量表(SAB),对120例矮小症儿童和120例正常儿童进行主观生活质量及社会适应能力进行对照研究。结果 矮小症儿童ISLQ在同伴交往、自我认知方面得分低于对照组(P<0.05),在学校生活、抑郁体验、焦虑体验、躯体感觉、认知水平、情感水平及总体水平方面得分与对照组比较,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01 );社会适应能力商数(ADQ)低于对照组(P<0.05),其中认知功能、社会/自制因子与对照组比较,有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 矮小症儿童主观生活质量和社会适应能力明显低于正常儿童。有必要在药物治疗的同时进行心理、行为等综合干预,提高矮小症儿童生活质量和社会适应能力。     

儿童功能性便秘的相关因素及其对气质、社会适应能力的影响

目的探讨儿童功能性便秘的相关因素及其对气质、社会适应能力的影响,进一步为功能性便秘的诊断及干预提供资料及依据。方法采用自制的儿童功能性便秘相关因素调查问卷表、3~7岁儿童气质量表、婴幼儿-初中生社会适应能力量表,选择2018年9月-2019年5月,年龄在3~5岁,因排便困难、排便不畅且符合儿童功能性便秘罗马Ⅳ诊断标准的103例患儿作为研究对象,同时选择来安徽医科大学附属省儿童医院门诊正常体检的94名健康儿童作为对照组。结果蔬菜水果食用少、饮水量少、运动量少、早期未进行排便训练、排便过失责备儿童、玩玩具时憋便是功能性便秘发生的相关危险因素(OR值分别为8.154、6.653、2.728、0.251、18.620、6.732,P<0.05)。气质维度方面,功能性便秘患儿与对照组儿童的规律性、趋避性评分差异有统计学意义(t=-10.48,-10.33,P<0.05)。在社会适应能力方面,功能性便秘患儿与对照组儿童的独立生活能力、集体活动能力评分差异有统计学意义(t=6.71,-3.03,P<0.05)。结论饮食习惯的调整、加强运动量、早期排便训练及精神压力的缓解对预防功能性便秘的发生具有较好的作用。除此之外,功能性便秘对儿童的心理行为发育及社会适应能力产生影响,家长应给予耐心的鼓励和引导,帮助患儿树立信心,不仅对功能性便秘的治疗会有更好的效果,也促进了儿童身心健康的全面发展。     

Perception of eating and exercise in children as a function of child and parent weight status

The present study assessed the effects of child body weight (obese/lean) and familial loading for obesity (two obese parents/two lean parents) on the psychophysics of sweetness, fatness and exercise workloads, as well as subjective ratings of foods varying in sugar and fat and activities varying in energy expenditure. Children were measured in a baseline state and at 6 months after the obese children had participated in a family-based behavioral weight control program. No differences between obese and lean children in perceptual ratings were observed. However, offspring of obese or lean parents differed on intensity rating, food palatability and activity enjoyment ratings. Intensity ratings for sweetness in offspring of obese parents was increased, with a similar trend for intensity ratings for fatness. Offspring of obese parents rated all foods and activities with lower palatability and enjoyment ratings than offspring of lean parents. After a 6 month family-based behavioral weight loss treatment, obese children had significant decreases in percent overweight while lean children remained stable. Changes in the pattern of food ratings were observed for the obese children, with a reduction in liking for foods high in fat and/or sugar, and an increase in ratings for food slower in fat and sugar. The effects of parental obesity on food and exercise intensity ratings and hedonic ratings were maintained. Overall, these results suggest parental weight influences behavioral factors related to obesity in children.     

青春期儿童饮食行为及饮食心理调查

目的研究影响城乡青春期儿童生长发育的心理及行为因素。方法采用分层、整群随机抽样方法,分别抽取南充市城乡共5所小学五、六年级1 820名学生进行问卷调查。结果城乡学生BMI差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,其中影响城市儿童生长发育的主要因素包括不吃早餐（4.7%）、为减肥不吃主食（1.4%）、边吃饭边看电视（37.2%）及认为自己该减肥（32.2%）、体型不标准（偏胖：29.9%、偏瘦：21.6%）等;而影响农村儿童生长发育的主要因素包括会为减肥不吃主食（3.2%）、零食代替主食的习惯（3.5%）、认为自己该减肥（18.8%）、体型不标准（偏胖：15.9%、偏瘦：24.8%）。结论行为及心理因素均会影响儿童的生长发育,家长及老师应对学生进行正确的引导,为青少年儿童的健康成长提供良好的环境。     

石河子市97名肥胖小学生学习成绩调查

目的：研究小学生肥胖对学生成绩的影响。方法：在石河子市5所小学选取97名肥胖小学生并选择正常体重儿进行配对研究。结果：经配对资料t检验显示，轻度、中度、重度肥胖小学生与正常体重小学生的学习成绩差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。结论：未见小学生肥胖对学习成绩具有显著影响作用。     

Gender differences in familial aggregation of obesity-related phenotypes and dietary intake patterns in Korean families

PURPOSE: To investigate familial influences on obesity-related phenotypes and dietary intake patterns, and to examine gender differences in Korean families with adolescent children. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 134 biologically related families composed of 260 parents and 231 adolescent children aged 11 to 19 years. Anthropometric measurements, including total fatness and fat distribution, were measured. Dietary intake was assessed by the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS: The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for overweight were 6.6 (range, 1.5-29.7) in the sons and 13.7 (range, 2.5-76.4) in the daughters of overweight parents. Obesity and fat distribution in the adolescents were more significantly correlated with mothers than fathers. Daughters had more significant familial aggregations with their parents than did sons. The dietary intake patterns of both sons and daughters correlated more strongly with their mothers than their fathers. We observed significant correlations in anthropometric variables and dietary intake patterns between spouses and between siblings. CONCLUSIONS: In the contemporary Korean nuclear family, maternal anthropometry and dietary behavior have a greater impact on children than do paternal contributions, and daughters resemble their parents more than sons. Genetics and environmental factors within the family infrastructure may provide strategies for the prevention and treatment of adolescent obesity.