当前医药卫生查新工作面临的问题

根据医药卫生查新工作的实践，针对性地提出在当前查新工作中所存在的问题。认为当前医药卫生科技查新在查新机构管理、查新人员素质、信息资源选择、中医药课题查新、查新质量控制等方面都存在一些影响查新工作的问题，只有正视并解决好这些问题，才能做好当前形势下的医学科技查新工作。     

市场经济下科技查新工作存在的问题及对策研究

本文从科技查新工作新颖性判定标准出发，进一步分析了科技查新工作中存在的问题，并探讨了WTO后科技查新工作应该做出的改进，以适应新形式下信息咨询服务的要求．     

注重科技查新深化科研管理

查新工作在科技活动中视为重要的科学依据，注重查新工作对提高科研管理水平，促进科研成果转化起到非常关键的作用。本文就科技查新工作中应注意的几个方面提出了几点建议：①查新人员应具有高尚的品格和一定的专业知识水平。②科技查新用户需要做好充分的检索前的准备工作。③注重科技查新检索的查全性。④加强科技查新与科研管理的协同关系     

论医学查新咨询中引文分析的意义和方法

查新咨询和引文分析相结合能相互补充更好地为科研管理部门服务，便于查新人员对课题的横纵向的把握和理解，撰写高质量的查新报告。介绍了国内外常用的引文分析数据库及应用体会、成果申报、重大专项（实验室）审批最好同时也具查新报告和引文分析报告。     

如何提高中医药科研查新工作中的查全率和查准率

本文通过分析中医药科研查新工作中的查全率和查准率特点，提出从深刻理解查新项目内容，抓住查新要点和制定切实可行的检索策略入手，提高中医药科研查新工作中的查全率和查准率。     

科技查新出现的新问题与发展对策研究

通过对空军医学查新情报中心1998-2003年医药卫生科技查新项目的统计研究，分析了查新工作中存在的新问题，并对采取的相应对策进行探讨性研究．以使本院的查新工作迈上一个新台阶。     

如何做好医学科技查新

科技查新是通过科技文献检索和对比分析对科技项目的新颖程度作出判断的信息咨询活动和文献查证工作。科技查新的程序和方法主要包括：项目分析，确定查新要点；文献筛检，判定密切相关文献；文献对比分析；综合分析，进行新颖性评价；做出查新结论，提出查新认证书面报告。科技查新离不开文献检索，查新要求高水平检索，而文献检索代替不了查新。医学科技查新的类型主要有：科研立项查新、科技成果查新、专利申报查新等。     

信息时代对医学查新人员的新要求

信息资源的数字化,信息检索的网络化使基于文献检索的医学查新工作也必然要发生一些新变化,这就向医学查新人员提出新的要求。要不断加强医学查新人员自身素质的培养和提高,加强网上医学信息资源的检索利用能力,开拓创新,积极摸索新的服务内容。     

医学科技人员如何申请科技查新

时申报科研基金、成果鉴定、成果奖励的课题进行科技查新,已经成为科管工作的重要组成部分.为了使医学科技人员各种项目申报工作的顺利进行,查新工作的顺利展开,本文介绍了科技查新常识,包括科技查新的概念、查新工作流程和查新报告,以及如何申请科技查新,包括查新机构的选择、查新委托书的填写和相关技术资料的准备等.     

医学科技人员如何申请科技查新

对申报科研基金、成果鉴定、成果奖励的课题进行科技查新,已经成为科管工作的重要组成部分。为了使医学科技人员各种项目申报工作的顺利进行,查新工作的顺利展开,本文介绍了科技查新常识,包括科技查新的概念、查新工作流程和查新报告,以及如何申请科技查新,包括查新机构的选择、查新委托书的填写和相关技术资料的准备等。     

Evaluation Methods for the Assessment of Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Inserted Central Lines: Evidence-Based Strategies for Practice

BackgroundAssessing acute care nurse practitioners' (ACNPs) procedural competence for central line insertions encourages best patient outcomes and meets requirements of national credentialing bodies. Implementation of processes to effectively evaluate procedural competence is complicated by the lack of validated, evidenced-based metrics to evaluate ACNP practices.PurposeThis article identifies validated, evidenced-based metrics to effectively evaluate ACNP procedural competencies.Methodology: A two-part literature review was performed to 1) determine competency evaluation methods for ACNP skills and to 2) evaluate the use of templates/checklists as a means to encourage compliance with national, evidence-based guidelines. Due to the lack of literature on the use of evaluation tools to assess ACNP procedural competency, literature related to medical training programs and practices was reviewed.Review of Literature: Fifteen articles were identified that met review criteria related to procedural competency evaluation. Eleven methods for competency evaluation were commonly identified in the literature; however, conclusive evidence indentifying the most effective means of procedural competency evaluation was not found. Seven studies and one expert consensus were identified related to use of standardized forms and templates/checklists to improve national guideline compliance. All studies indicated the use of standardized documentation significantly increased compliance with national guidelines.     

Picture, Archiving and Communication System in the Italian NHS: A Primer on Diffusion and Evaluation Analysis

This contribution focuses on picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) in the Italian National Healthcare System (NHS). It finally aims to test the Chiefs Radiology Department’s perceptions about PACS along the main evaluation dimensions emerging from the literature. First, a brief review of the main literature concerning PACS evaluation leads the authors to classify the different approaches undertaken and highlight the main variables of investigation. Second, the evidence emerging from a survey is presented and discussed in the light of the literature review. The survey aims to: (a) map out the degree of PACSs diffusion and their main features in the Italian NHS; (b) verify whether and how PACS impact the dimensions analyzed in many evaluation studies carried out to date; (c) test the relationship between some measured impacts and specific PACS features. This work was made possible by funding from SDA Bocconi Research Division     

A new evaluation methodology for literature-based discovery systems

While medical researchers formulate new hypotheses to test, they need to identify connections to their work from other parts of the medical literature. However, the current volume of information has become a great barrier for this task. Recently, many literature-based discovery (LBD) systems have been developed to help researchers identify new knowledge that bridges gaps across distinct sections of the medical literature. Each LBD system uses different methods for mining the connections from text and ranking the identified connections, but none of the currently available LBD evaluation approaches can be used to compare the effectiveness of these methods. In this paper, we present an evaluation methodology for LBD systems that allows comparisons across different systems. We demonstrate the abilities of our evaluation methodology by using it to compare the performance of different correlation-mining and ranking approaches used by existing LBD systems. This evaluation methodology should help other researchers compare approaches, make informed algorithm choices, and ultimately help to improve the performance of LBD systems overall.     

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: part I, basic principles, shift work and jet lag disorders. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine review

OBJECTIVE: This the first of two articles reviewing the scientific literature on the evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs), employing the methodology of evidence-based medicine. In this first part of this paper, the general principles of circadian biology that underlie clinical evaluation and treatment are reviewed. We then report on the accumulated evidence regarding the evaluation and treatment of shift work disorder (SWD) and jet lag disorder (JLD). METHODS: A set of specific questions relevant to clinical practice were formulated, a systematic literature search was performed, and relevant articles were abstracted and graded. RESULTS: A substantial body of literature has accumulated that provides a rational basis the evaluation and treatment of SWD and JLD. Physiological assessment has involved determination of circadian phase using core body temperature and the timing of melatonin secretion. Behavioral assessment has involved sleep logs, actigraphy and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Treatment interventions fall into three broad categories: 1) prescribed sleep scheduling, 2) circadian phase shifting ("resetting the clock"), and 3) symptomatic treatment using hypnotic and stimulant medications. CONCLUSION: Circadian rhythm science has also pointed the way to rational interventions for the SWD and JLD, and these treatments have been introduced into the practice of sleep medicine with varying degrees of success. More translational research is needed using subjects who meet current diagnostic criteria.     

Evaluating user interactions with clinical information systems: a model based on human-computer interaction models

OBJECTIVES: This article proposes a model for dimensions involved in user evaluation of clinical information systems (CIS). The model links the dimensions in traditional CIS evaluation and the dimensions from the human-computer interaction (HCI) perspective. PROPOSED METHOD: In this article, variables are defined as the properties measured in an evaluation, and dimensions are defined as the factors contributing to the values of the measured variables. The proposed model is based on a two-step methodology with: (1) a general review of information systems (IS) evaluations to highlight studied variables, existing models and frameworks, and (2) a review of HCI literature to provide the theoretical basis to key dimensions of user evaluation. RESULTS: The review of literature led to the identification of eight key variables, among which satisfaction, acceptance, and success were found to be the most referenced. DISCUSSION: Among those variables, IS acceptance is a relevant candidate to reflect user evaluation of CIS. While their goals are similar, the fields of traditional CIS evaluation, and HCI are not closely connected. Combining those two fields allows for the development of an integrated model which provides a model for summative and comprehensive user evaluation of CIS. All dimensions identified in existing studies can be linked to this model and such an integrated model could provide a new perspective to compare investigations of different CIS systems.     

Is chronic rhinosinusitis related to allergic rhinitis in adults and children? Applying epidemiological guidelines for causation

The relationship between allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis has been assessed in a number of observational and experimental studies. In this review, we attempt their synthesis and evaluation using the modified Bradford Hill guidelines for causation. Although there is no proof of causation, especially in the pediatric literature, an evaluation of underlying allergies is recommended at least as an initial measure of symptoms relief.     

厦门市医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应急能力评价

目的建立厦门市医疗机构卫生应急能力常规量化考核指标体系,评价医疗机构对突发公共卫生事件的应急能力。方法综合文献和专家咨询构建医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应对能力指标体系,采用专家评分法对三级指标进行筛选并设置权重。应用筛选后的指标体系对厦门市医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应急能力现况调查结果进行评价。结果指标体系筛选出5项医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应对能力一级指标、10项二级指标和27项三级指标。评测结果显示厦门市急救中心和三甲医院综合分数较高,农村医疗机构和私营医院得分相对较低。结论应用该评价指标体系可对厦门市卫生应急能力进行常规量化考核,现有基础上应重点加强农村医疗机构卫生应急体系建设,同时应加强私营医院的应急管理。     

Evaluating informatics applications--clinical decision support systems literature review.

This paper reviews clinical decision support systems (CDSS) literature, with a focus on evaluation. The literature indicates a general consensus that clinical decision support systems are thought to have the potential to improve care. Evidence is more equivocal for guidelines and for systems to aid physicians with diagnosis. There also is general consensus that a variety of systems are little used despite demonstrated or potential benefits. In the evaluation literature, the main emphasis is on how clinical performance changes. Most studies use an experimental or randomized controlled clinical trials design (RCT) to assess system performance or to focus on changes in clinical performance that could affect patient care. Few studies involve field tests of a CDSS and almost none use a naturalistic design in routine clinical settings with real patients. In addition, there is little theoretical discussion, although papers are permeated by a rationalist perspective that excludes contextual issues related to how and why systems are used. The studies mostly concern physicians rather than other clinicians. Further, CDSS evaluation studies appear to be insulated from evaluations of other informatics applications. Consequently, there is a lack of information useful for understanding why CDSSs may or may not be effective, resulting in making less informed decisions about these technologies and, by extension, other medical informatics applications.     

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: part II, advanced sleep phase disorder, delayed sleep phase disorder, free-running disorder, and irregular sleep-wake rhythm. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine review

OBJECTIVE: This the second of two articles reviewing the scientific literature on the evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs), employing the methodology of evidence-based medicine. We herein report on the accumulated evidence regarding the evaluation and treatment of Advamced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD), Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder (DSPD), Free-Running Disorder (FRD) and Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm ISWR). METHODS: A set of specific questions relevant to clinical practice were formulated, a systematic literature search was performed, and relevant articles were abstracted and graded. RESULTS: A substantial body of literature has accumulated that provides a rational basis the evaluation and treatment of CRSDs. Physiological assessment has involved determination of circadian phase using core body temperature and the timing of melatonin secretion. Behavioral assessment has involved sleep logs, actigraphy and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Treatment interventions fall into three broad categories: 1) prescribed sleep scheduling, 2) circadian phase shifting ("resetting the clock"), and 3) symptomatic treatment using hypnotic and stimulant medications. CONCLUSION: Circadian rhythm science has also pointed the way to rational interventions for CRSDs and these treatments have been introduced into the practice of sleep medicine with varying degrees of success. More translational research is needed using subjects who meet current diagnostic criteria.     

基于生物学优化肿瘤放射治疗计划的评估函数研究

目的：从生物学优化肿瘤放射治疗计划的角度来提出可用于评估放射治疗方案可行性的评估函数。方法：在以细胞受到照射后的再修复、再群体化、细胞周期的再分布、肿瘤内乏氧细胞的再氧合,即＂4R理论＂[1]的基础上,分析生物效应剂量函数BED的变种公式,最后得出3个用于评估肿瘤放疗计划好坏的评估函数。再利用评估函数试验性的分析文献报道过的肿瘤放射治疗方案,并与对应的方案结果进行比对,理论上评价评估函数的可行性。结果：综合分析已有治疗方案参数与评估函数理论参数基本一致。结论：基于生物学优化肿瘤放射治疗计划的评估函数在临床上用来预判治疗方案是可行的。