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1.
Nicolas Degand Justine Dautremer Benoît Pilmis Agnès Ferroni Fanny Lanternier Julie Bruneau Olivier Hermine Stéphane Blanche Xavier Nassif Olivier Lortholary Marc Lecuit 《Journal of clinical immunology》2017,37(7):727-731
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Helicobacter bilis is a commensal bacterium causing chronic hepatitis and colitis in mice. In humans, enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. are associated with chronic hepatobiliary diseases.Purpose
We aimed at understanding the microbial etiology in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia presenting with suppurative cholangitis.Methods
16S rDNA PCR directly performed on a liver biopsy retrieved DNA of H. bilis.Results
Clinical outcome resulted in the normalization of clinical and biological parameters under antibiotic treatment by a combination of ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and doxycyclin followed by a 2-week treatment with moxifloxacin and a 2-month treatment with azithromycin.Conclusion
In conclusion, these data suggest a specific clinical and microbiological approach in patients with humoral deficiency in order to detect H. bilis hepatobiliary diseases.2.
3.
Background
Anatomy in medical curricula is typically taught via pedagogy consisting of didactic lectures combined with a practical component. The practical component often includes traditional cadaveric dissection classes and/or workshops utilizing anatomical models, carefully prosected cadaveric material and radiology. The primary aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between attendance at practical classes in anatomy and student assessment outcomes. A secondary aim was to determine if student assessment outcomes were better when students preferentially attended workshops or prosection style practical classes.Method
We retrospectively examined practical attendance records and assessment outcomes from a single large anatomy subject (approx. 450 students) to identify how attendance at anatomy practical classes correlates with assessment outcome.Results
Students who scored above the median mark for each assessment attended significantly more practical classes than students who scored below the median assessment mark (Mann Whitney; p?<?0.001), and students who attended more than half the practical classes had significantly higher scores on assessments than students that attended less than half the practical classes (Mann Whitney; P?<?0.01). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between attendance at practical classes and outcomes for each assessment (Spearman’s correlation; p?<?0.01). There was no difference in assessment outcomes for students who preferentially attended more dissection compared to prosection style classes and vice versa (Mann Whitney; p?>?0.05).Conclusions
Our findings show there is an association between student attendance at practical classes and performance on anatomy assessment.4.
5.
Sarah J. Hardcastle Derwin C. K. Chan Kim M. Caudwell Sarwat Sultan Jo Cranwell Nikos L. D. Chatzisarantis Martin S. Hagger 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2016,23(1):94-101
Background
The introduction of tobacco plain packaging legislation in Australia meant that all tobacco products were to be sold in plain dark-brown packaging with 75 % front-of-pack graphic health warnings and standardised font type and size for brand name and product variant. The change in the size and prominence of the warnings has been proposed as a reason for behaviour change in smokers in terms of increased intentions to quit and quit attempts.Purpose
The current research examined attitudes and beliefs of cigarette smokers toward the increased size and prominence of the warnings and effects on their behaviour.Method
Participants (N?=?160) completed open-ended responses to questions on beliefs, attitudes and responses to plain packaging. Responses were subjected to inductive thematic content analysis for key themes.Results
Four themes emerged from the analysis: emotional response to packaging, scepticism of health warnings, warnings and cessation behaviour, and avoidant coping behaviours. Participants reported increased negative emotional responses to the packaging and made specific reference to the graphic health warnings. Some participants attempted to discredit the messages. Others reported increased intentions to quit or quitting attempts. There were pervasive reports of avoidant responses including covering or hiding the warnings.Conclusion
Consistent with theories of illness perceptions and coping, current findings indicate that the larger, prominent graphic health warnings on plain-packaged tobacco products had pervasive effects on threat perceptions and subsequent behavioural responses. While some of the reported responses were adaptive (e.g. attempts to quit), others were maladaptive (e.g. avoiding the warnings).6.
Rajeev K. Mehlotra 《Current HIV/AIDS reports》2018,15(6):431-440
Purpose of Review
Human genetic polymorphisms known to influence HIV acquisition and disease progression occur in Papua New Guinea (PNG). However, no genetic association study has been reported so far. In this article, we review research findings, with a view to stimulate genotype-to-phenotype research.Recent Findings
PNG, a country in Oceania, has a high prevalence of HIV and many sexually transmitted infections. While limited data is available from this country regarding the distribution of human genetic polymorphisms known to influence clinical outcomes of HIV/AIDS, genetic association studies are lacking. Our studies, in the past decade, have revealed that polymorphisms in chemokine receptor-ligand (CCR2-CCR5, CXCL12), innate immune (Toll-like receptor, β-defensin), and antiretroviral drug-metabolism enzyme (CYP2B6, UGT2B7) genes are prevalent in PNG.Summary
Although our results need to be validated in further studies, it is urgent to pursue large-scale, comprehensive genetic association studies that include these as well as additional genetic polymorphisms.7.
8.
Background
In terms of ethical decision making, every clinical case, when seen as an ethical problem, may be analyzed by means of four topics: medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, contextual features. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of 4th year dental students on Ethical Decision Making before and after a course on ethics.Methods
Fourth year dental students (n?=?37) from academic year 2013–2014 participated in the study. A 3-h lecture, which was about four topics approach to clinical ethical case analysis, was given to the students. The lecture was based on case scenarios related with dental ethics. After the completion of lectures,a case scenario was presented to the students to assess their ethical decision making abilities. At the end of the exam, four topics and ethical judgment were evaluated. Their performances on this examination were evaluated before and after lectures. Statistical evaluation was performed with the significance level set at p?<?0.05.Results
A statistically significant difference was found between the means of four topics (p?<?0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of judgment of ethical decision (p?>?0.05). The mean total score of the students after the course was significantly higher than before course (67.5 and 54.4, respectively; p?<?0.05).Conclusion
More lectures should be implemented to the curriculum to increase the student awareness of ethical issues and to reach the ultimate goals of dental education.9.
Stephan?L.?Haas Christel?Wei? Peter?Bugert Jutta?Gundt Heiko?Witt Manfred?V.?Singer Thomas?Berg Ulrich?B?cker 《Journal of clinical immunology》2009,29(5):620-628
Background
Recently, two functional IL18 promoter variants, ?607C>A (rs1946518) and ?137G>C (rs187238), were associated with viral clearance in patients with hepatitis C. The present study focused on their relevance for treatment response.Methods
Seven hundred fifty-seven chronically infected European patients and 791 controls were enrolled in the study. IL18 genotyping was performed by allele-specific PCR. Liver histology was available in 67.9%.Results
Genotype and allele frequencies were equally distributed in patients and controls. No significant association with various disease characteristics was observed. However, when comparing patients with sustained virological response (SR) and non-SR, statistically significant associations were found for both variants (p?=?0.0416 and p?=?0.0274, respectively). In viral genotype 1, the ?607A allele was positively associated with treatment response (p?=?0.0190; OR 1.537; 95% CI, 1.072–2.205) and the ?137G allele with a higher rate of nonresponse (p?=?0.0302; OR 1.524; 95% CI, 1.040–2.233).Conclusions
The association of IL18 variants with treatment response in genotype 1 hepatitis C patients implies a predictive and modifying role of these genetic variants.10.
Background
Carissa opaca Stapf ex Hanes fruits is traditionally used in the treatment of asthma, hepatitis and microbial infections. The present study was arranged to investigate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antitumor activity of various fractions of C. opaca extract and its bioactive metabolites responsible for that activity.Methods
To characterize various fractions of C.opaca antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and antitumor assays are used. Eight strains of bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, Enterobactor aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhy, and Staphylococcus aureus and four strains of fungal viz: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani are used. Brine shrimps and potato dics are used for anticancer and antitumor potency of extract. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is utilized for determination of bioactive metabolites responsible for the activity.Results
HPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of orientin, isoquercetin, myricetin and apigenin. Various fractions of C. oapca showed significant antibacterial, antitumor and anticancer activity. In case of C. opaca fruit inhibition growth of Aspergillus niger was ranged between 23.2?±?1.36% to 43.3?±?2.39%, Aspergillus flavus ranged between 27.6?±?1.39% to 65.6?±?3.44%, Aspergillus fumigatus ranged between 13.2?±?1.00% to 52.4?±?1.54% and Fusarium solani ranged between 10.5?±?1.02% to 14.6?±?1.74%.Conclusion
It can be concluded that, various fractions of C.opaca are accessible source of ethno pharmacy as they are consumed in different areas of Pakistan with ultimate health compensations.11.
12.
Antonina Mikocka-Walus Peter Bampton David Hetzel Patrick Hughes Adrian Esterman Jane M. Andrews 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2017,24(1):127-135
Purpose
There is ongoing controversy on the effectiveness of psychotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the few small studies, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to alleviate symptoms of anxiety or depression. However, there is little research on the impact of CBT on physical outcomes in IBD and no studies on long-term effectiveness of CBT.Methods
The present two-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial aimed to establish the impact of CBT on disease course after 24 months of observation. The study compared standard care plus CBT (+CBT) with standard care alone (SC). CBT was delivered over 10 weeks, face-to-face (F2F) or online (cCBT). The data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models.Results
CBT did not significantly influence disease activity as measured by disease activity indices at 24 months (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI), p?=?0.92; Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), p?=?0.88) or blood parameters (C-reactive protein (CRP), p?<?0.62; haemoglobin (Hb), p?=?0.77; platelet, p?=?0.64; white cell count (WCC), p?=?0.59) nor did CBT significantly affect mental health, coping or quality of life (all p?>?0.05).Conclusions
Therefore, we conclude that CBT does not influence the course of IBD over 24 months. Given the high rate of attrition, particularly in the CBT group, future trials should consider a personalised approach to psychotherapy, perhaps combining online and one-to-one therapist time.13.
S. Jalilian N. Amiri R. Abiri M. Eyvazi F. Jalilian A. Alvandi 《Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology》2017,32(2):125-129
Introduction and objective
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human gastric pathogen. Because of presence of H. pylori oral cavity, there is a possibility of H. pylori transmission by oral-oral route. In a crosssectional study, the presence of some virulence factors of H. pylori and also non-pylori Helicobacters in dental plaque samples of participants was investigated.Methods
The samples were collected from at least two teeth surfaces. DNA of the samples was extracted using specific kit. The presence of dupA (jhp0917 and jhp0918) and babA2 genes and also Helicobacter genus and H. pylori species was investigated using polymerase chain reaction by specific primers.Results
In total 44% (20/45) and 86.7% (39/45) of samples was positive for ureC and 16SrRNA genes respectively. The frequency of babA2, jhp0917 and jhp0918 genes in H. pylori isolates were 40, 20 and 65% respectively. It seems 19 samples were positive probably non-pylori Helicobacters.Conclusion
In the present study we report for the first time the presence of non-pylori Helicobacter species and also high frequency of babA2 and dupA genotypes in dental plaque samples.14.
Background
The evaluation of the effectiveness of undergraduate palliative care education (UPCE) programs is an essential foundation to providing high-quality UPCE programs. Therefore, the implementation of valid evaluation tools is indispensable. Until today, there has been no general consensus regarding concrete outcome parameters and their accurate measurement. The Program in Palliative Care Education and Practice Questionnaire (German Revised Version; PCEP-GR) is a promising assessment tool for UPCE. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of PCEP-GR and to demonstrate its feasibility for the evaluation of UPCE programs.Methods
The practical feasibility of the PCEP-GR and its acceptance in medical students were investigated in a pilot study with 24 undergraduate medical students at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Germany. Subsequently, the PCEP-GR was surveyed in a representative sample (N?=?680) of medical students in order to investigate its psychometric properties. Factorial validity was investigated by means of principal component analysis (PCA). Reliability was examined by means of split-half-reliability analysis and analysis of internal consistency. After taking into consideration the PCA and distribution analysis results, an evaluation instruction for the PCEP-GR was developed.Results
The PCEP-GR proved to be feasible and well-accepted in medical students. PCA revealed a four-factorial solution indicating four PCEP-GR subscales: preparation to provide palliative care, attitudes towards palliative care, self-estimation of competence in communication with dying patients and their relatives and self-estimation of knowledge and skills in palliative care. The PCEP-GR showed good split-half-reliability and acceptable to good internal consistency of subscales. Attitudes towards palliative care slightly missed the criterion of acceptable internal consistency. The evaluation instruction suggests a global PCEP-GR index and four subscales.Conclusions
The PCEP-GR has proven to be a feasible, economic, valid and reliable tool for the assessment of UPCE that comprises self-efficacy expectation and relevant attitudes towards palliative care.15.
Background
E-learning is a common and popular mode of educational delivery, but little is known about its effectiveness in teaching practical skills. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Physiotherapy eSkills Training Online resource in addition to usual teaching improved the performance of practical skills in physiotherapy students.Method
This study was a non-randomised controlled trial. The participants were graduate entry physiotherapy students enrolled in consecutive semesters of a neurological physiotherapy unit of study. The experimental group received the Physiotherapy eSkills Training Online resource as well as usual teaching. The Physiotherapy eSkills Training Online resource is an online resource incorporating (i) video-clips of patient-therapist simulations; (ii) supportive text describing the aim, rationale, equipment, key points, common errors and methods of progression; and (iii) a downloadable PDF document incorporating the online text information and a still image of the video-clip for each practical skill. The control group received usual teaching only. The primary outcomes were the overall performance of practical skills as well as their individual components, measured using a practical examination.Results
The implementation of the Physiotherapy eSkills Training Online resource resulted in an increase of 1.6 out of 25 (95% CI ?0.1 to 3.3) in the experimental group compared with the control group. In addition, the experimental group scored 0.5 points out of 4 (95% CI 0 to 1.1) higher than the control group for ‘effectiveness of the practical skill’ and 0.6 points out of 4 (95% CI 0.1 to 1.1) higher for ‘rationale for the practical skill’.Conclusion
There was improvement in performance of practical skills in students who had access to the Physiotherapy eSkills Training Online resource in addition to usual teaching. Students considered the resource to be very useful for learning.16.
Purpose
This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between headache-specific locus of control (HSLC) and migraine-related quality of life, and anxiety as a mediator of this relationship.Method
Two hundred and thirty-two people with migraine participated in the treatment of severe migraine trial. At baseline, participants completed self-report questionnaires of headache-specific locus of control (HSLC; subscales?=?internal, chance, and medical professionals), anxiety, and migraine-related quality of life. Correlations examined relationships between HSLC, anxiety, and migraine-related quality of life; ordinary least squares regression evaluated anxiety as a mediator of the relationship between HSLC and migraine-related quality of life.Results
Higher internal HSLC was related to higher overall migraine-related quality of life (ps?<?.05) and emotion function impairments (p?=?.012). Anxiety mediated the relationship between internal HSLC and all measures of migraine-specific quality of life (ps?<?.05). Higher external (medical professionals and chance) HSLC was related to higher migraine-related quality of life impairments (all ps?<?.001).Conclusion
All HSLC beliefs are associated with higher migraine-related quality of life impairments. Anxiety mediates the relationship between internal HSLC and migraine-related quality of life.17.
Taif A. Azad Nikhil B. Edward Altaf A. Kondkar Hatem Kalantan Saleh Altuwaijri Tahira Sultan Faisal A. Al-Mobarak Saleh A. Al-Obeidan Khaled K. Abu-Amero 《Journal of negative results in biomedicine》2017,16(1):12
Background
To investigate the association between polymorphism rs547984, located in close proximity to the Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein 4 (ZP4) gene on human chromosome 1q43 and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).Method
Polymorphism rs547984 was genotyped using Taq-Man® assay in 185 subjects comprising of 90 unrelated POAG cases and 95 controls of Saudi origin.Results
Association analysis between cases and controls revealed no significant genotype distribution under additive (p = 0.356), dominant (p = 0.517) and recessive (p = 0.309) models. Besides, the allele frequency distribution was also found to be non-significant (p = 0.70). The minor “A” allele frequency was found to be 0.49 and 0.50 among POAG cases and controls, respectively. In addition, specific clinical indices used to assess severity of glaucoma such as intraocular pressure (IOP), cup/disc ratio and number of anti-glaucoma medication also did not show any significant genotype distribution in POAG cases.Conclusion
Polymorphism rs547984 is neither associated with any clinical indices important for POAG such as IOP and cup/disc ratio nor is a risk factor for POAG in the Saudi cohort.18.
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui Farhat Abjani Chien Ing Yeo Edward R. T. Tiekink Naveed Ahmed Khan 《Journal of negative results in biomedicine》2017,16(1):6
Background
Gold compounds have shown promise in the treatment of non-communicable diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, and are considered of value as anti-microbial agents against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and have anti-parasitic properties against Schistosoma mansoni, Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania infantinum, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica. They are known to affect enzymatic activities that are required for the cellular respiration processes.Methods
Anti-amoebic effects of phosphanegold(I) thiolates were tested against clinical isolate of A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype by employing viability assays, growth inhibition assays, encystation assays, excystation assays, and zymographic assays.Results
The treatment of A. castellanii with the phosphanegold(I) thiolates tested (i) had no effect on the viability of A. castellanii as determined by Trypan blue exclusion test, (ii) did not affect amoebae growth using PYG growth medium, (iii) did not inhibit cellular differentiation, and (iv) had no effect on the extracellular proteolytic activities of A. castellanii.Conclusion
Being free-living amoeba, A. castellanii is a versatile respirator and possesses respiratory mechanisms that adapt to various aerobic and anaerobic environments to avoid toxic threats and adverse conditions. For the first time, our findings showed that A. castellanii exhibits resistance to the toxic effects of gold compounds and could prove to be an attractive model to study mechanisms of metal resistance in eukaryotic cells.19.
Chi Zhou Jin Huang Guanglin Cui Hesong Zeng Dao Wen Wang Qiang Zhou 《BMC medical genetics》2018,19(1):219
Background
Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive lysosomal disorder caused by deficient enzymatic activity of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). The insufficient enzymatic activity leads to excessive accumulation of glycosphingolipids, the substrates of the enzyme, in lysosomes in organs and tissues. Mutations in the α-Gal A gene (GLA, Xq22) have been proven to be responsible for Fabry disease.Methods
In this study, we report a four-generation pedigree with left ventricular hypertrophy and chronic renal failure that was diagnosed by sequencing the GLA gene. An over expression system was constructed to evaluate the function of the detected mutation.Results
We identified a novel mutation in exon 6 of the GLA gene, p.Asn278Lys, which completely co-segregated with the disease phenotype. The protein level of α-Gal A was significantly lower in the variant group than in the wild-type group; additionally, the pharmacological chaperone 1-deoxy-galactonojirimycin (DGJ) effectively normalized the enzyme activity of α-Gal A and its decline at the protein level.Conclusions
This study is the first to report a novel loss-of-function mutation, p.Asn278Lys, in exon 6 of the GLA gene as a genetic aetiology for Fabry disease. In addition, we analysed the feasibility of DGJ as a therapeutic approach for this particular GLA mutation.20.