The Beneficial Effect of Anthocyanidin‐Rich Vitis vinifera L. Grape Skin Extract on Metabolic Changes Induced by High‐Fat Diet in Mice Involves Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Actions

We hypothesized that a polyphenol‐rich extract from Vitis vinifera L. grape skin (GSE) may exert beneficial effects on obesity and related metabolic disorders induced by a high‐fat diet (HFD). C57/BL6 mice were fed a standard diet (10% fat, control, and GSE groups) or an HFD (60% fat, high fat (HF), and HF + GSE) with or without GSE (200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. GSE prevented weight gain; dyslipidemia; insulin resistance; the alterations in plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin; and the deregulation of leptin and adiponectin expression in adipose tissue. These beneficial effects of GSE may be related to a positive modulation of insulin signaling proteins (IR, pIRS, PI3K, pAKT), pAMPK/AMPK ratio, and GLUT4 expression in muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, GSE prevented the oxidative damage, evidenced by the restoration of antioxidant activity and decrease of malondialdehyde and carbonyl levels in muscle and adipose tissue. Finally, GSE showed an anti‐inflammatory action, evidenced by the reduced plasma and adipose tissue inflammatory markers (TNF‐α, IL‐6). Our results suggest that GSE prevented the obesity and related metabolic disorders in HF‐fed mice by regulating insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 expression as well as by preventing the oxidative stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anti‐Dermatophyte and Anti‐Malassezia Activity of Extracts Rich in Polymeric Flavan‐3‐ols Obtained from Vitis vinifera Seeds

Several human skin diseases are associated with fungi as dermatophytes and Malassezia. Skin mycoses are increasing and new alternatives to conventional treatments with improved efficacy and/or safety profiles are desirable. For the first time, the anti‐dermatophytes and the anti‐Malassezia activities of Vitis vinifera seed extracts obtained from different table and wine cultivars have been evaluated. Geometric minimal inhibitory concentration ranged from 20 to 97 µg/mL for dermatophytes and from 32 to 161 µg/mL for Malassezia furfur . Dried grape seed extracts analyzed by HPLC/DAD/ESI/MS showed different quali–quantitative compositions in terms of monomeric and polymeric flavan‐3‐ols. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for Trichophyton mentagrophytes and for M. furfur were inversely correlated with the amount of the polymeric fraction (r = ?0.7639 and r = ?0.7228, respectively). Differently, the antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes was not correlated to the content of flavan‐3‐ol monomers (r = 0.2920) and only weakly correlated for M. furfur (r = ?0.53604). These results suggest that extracts rich in polymeric flavan‐3‐ols, recovered from V. vinifera seeds, could be used for the treatment of skin fungal infections. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

刺葡萄籽油对匹伐他汀健康人体药动学的影响

 目的研究健康志愿者服用刺葡萄籽油后对匹伐他汀药动学的影响。方法用自身前后对照随机交叉的试验方法,筛选8名健康受试者,男女各半,一组连续7d口服匹伐他汀钙片,另一组连续7d同时口服刺葡萄籽油软胶囊和匹伐他汀钙片,洗脱2周后,两组交叉服用药物。用HPLC-MS/MS测定血浆匹伐他汀的浓度,用DAS2.0软件计算药动学参数。结果联用刺葡萄籽油软胶囊和匹伐他汀钙片与单用匹伐他汀钙片的主要药动学参数:AUC分别为(152.9±66.26)和(135.556±76.133)μg·h·L^-1,ρ_max分别为(33.51±15.121)和(33.109±21.324)μg·L^-1,t_max分别为(0.688±0.259)和(0.875±0.443)h,t_1/2分别为(15.76±12.118)和(11.753±6.892)h,CL分别为(15.4±1.764)和(17.106±5.027)L·h^-1。结论在健康受试者体内连续服药时,除半衰期延长外,刺葡萄籽油对匹伐他汀的其他主要药动学参数未产生显著性影响。     

The Protective Effects of a Polyphenol‐Enriched Protein Powder on Exercise‐Induced Susceptibility to Virus Infection

Prolonged and intensive exercise induces transient immunosuppression and is associated with an increased risk and severity of infections. The goal of this study was to characterize the antiviral and antibacterial properties of the bioactive metabolites of a blueberry–green tea‐polyphenol soy protein complex (PSPC) in the serum of supplemented subjects during a 3‐day intensified training period. Long‐distance runners, randomly divided into two groups, ingested 40 g/day PSPC or placebo (soy protein and colorings) for 17 days, with a 3‐day running period inserted at day 14. Blood serum samples were collected pre‐14 days and post‐14 days supplementation, and immediately and 14 h after the third day of running. The post‐exercise serum from both groups significantly promoted the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in culture by 20–70%, but returned to normal levels following recovery. Furthermore, the serum from subjects ingesting PSPC did not display antibacterial properties at any time point. In contrast, there was a significant difference in the ability of serum from PSPC‐supplemented versus placebo‐supplemented athletes to protect cells in culture from killing by vesicular stomatitis virus following strenuous exercise. In addition, the serum of subjects who ingested PSPC significantly delayed an exercise‐induced increase in virus replication. These results indicate that polyphenol complexes containing blueberry and green tea have the potential to protect athletes from virus infections following rigorous exercise. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Polyphenol‐Rich Fraction from Larrea divaricata and its Main Flavonoid Quercetin‐3‐Methyl Ether Induce Apoptosis in Lymphoma Cells Through Nitrosative Stress

Larrea divaricata is a plant with antiproliferative principles. We have previously identified the flavonoid quercetin‐3‐methyl ether (Q‐3‐ME) in an ethyl acetate fraction (EA). Both the extract and Q‐3‐ME were found to be effective against the EL‐4 T lymphoma cell line. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation remains to be elucidated. In this work, we analyzed the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the induction of apoptosis mediated by Q‐3‐ME and EA. Both treatments were able to induce apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. The western blot analysis revealed a sequential activation of caspases‐9 and 3, followed by poly‐(ADP‐ribose)‐polymerase cleavage. EA and Q‐3‐ME lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential, showing the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Q‐3‐ME and EA increased NO production and inducible NO synthase expression in tumor cells. The involvement of NO in cell death was confirmed by the nitric oxide synthases inhibitor L‐NAME. In addition, EA and Q‐3‐ME induced a cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. These drugs did not affect normal cell viability. This data suggested that EA and Q‐3‐ME induce an increase in NO production that would lead to the cell cycle arrest and the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Supplementation with a Polyphenol‐Rich Extract,TensLess®, Attenuates Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Improves Muscle Recovery from Damages After Eccentric Exercise

High‐intensity exercises are known to provoke delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Delayed onset muscle soreness typically occurs within the first 24 h, peaks between 24 and 72 h, and can last as long as 5–7 days post‐exercise. Delayed onset muscle soreness is a multifactorial process involving both mechanical and biochemical components, associated with clinical features that may limit range of motion, and athletes seek for effective recovery strategies to optimize future training sessions. TensLess^® is a food supplement developed to help manage post‐exercise recovery. The supplement has been investigated on 13 recreationally active athletes of both sex, during a randomized, double‐blind, and crossover clinical investigation, including a 3‐week washout period. The clinical investigation was based on the study of TensLess^® effects for DOMS management and on the reduction of associated muscle damages following an eccentric exercise protocol. Supplementation with TensLess^® induced significant decrease in DOMS perception (?33%; p  = 0.008) as of the first 24 h; this was significantly correlated with a lowered release of muscle damage‐associated biomarkers, namely myoglobin, creatinine, and creatine kinase, for the whole length of the recovery period. Taken together, these positive results clearly indicate that post‐exercise supplementation with TensLess^® may preserve myocytes and reduce soreness following eccentric exercise‐induced damages, and, accordingly, significantly shorten muscle recovery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乳香、没药提取物及其配伍对血小板 聚集与抗凝血酶活性的影响

目的:通过乳香、没药水提物、挥发油及其配伍组合体外对ADP诱导的家兔血小板聚集及对凝血酶时间影响研究,评价其配伍前后的效应变化与量效关系。方法:采用体外二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集实验观察乳香、没药提取物及不同配伍组合的抗血小板聚集活性及量效关系;采用凝血酶时间(TT)法观察乳香、没药提取物及不同配伍组合对凝血酶的影响及量效关系;采用等效线法评价两药配伍的药效相互作用。结果:血小板聚集实验表明:乳香、没药提取物及其不同配伍组合均能显著或非常显著抑制ADP诱导的家兔血小板聚集,且两药配伍后具有协同增效作用,其活性强于各单用提取物的活性。TT实验研究结果表明:乳香、没药不同提取物均能显著延长家兔血浆凝血时间,配伍后除乳香水提物与没药水提物配伍具有拮抗作用外,其余配伍组合均具有协同增效作用。结论:乳香、没药的水提物、挥发油及其配伍组合对家兔血小板聚集及凝血酶时间的影响均能产生显著效应,除乳香水提物和没药水提物配伍组合对凝血酶时间的影响具有拮抗作用外,其余配伍组合均呈现出协同增效作用。研究结果为揭示中药药对配伍的科学性和合理性提供借鉴与参考。     

白花菜子总多酚的提取及抗氧化活性考察

目的:优选白花菜子总多酚的提取工艺并初步探讨其抗氧化活性。方法:采用UV测定总多酚含量,检测波长760 nm。以总多酚提取量为指标,选择料液比、提取温度、乙醇体积分数、提取时间为考察因素,通过单因素试验和正交试验优选白花菜子总多酚的提取工艺条件,考察其对二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力。结果:最佳提取工艺为加20倍量70%乙醇于50℃超声提取40 min;总多酚提取量1.93 mg·g-1。抗氧化活性试验表明当白花菜子总多酚提取液质量浓度为1.28 g·L-1时,清除DPPH·自由基的能力与抗坏血酸抗氧化能力相近,均>96%。结论:优选的超声提取工艺稳定可行,白花菜子总多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性,为白花菜子资源的开发利用提供实验依据。     

Local tissue destruction and procoagulation properties of Echis carinatus venom: inhibition by Vitis vinifera seed methanol extract

Plant extracts are extensively used against snakebites in Indian folk medicine. In this study, one such traditionally used plant, Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) seed methanol extract has been studied for its ability to neutralize Indian Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper) venom. The extract effectively inhibited toxic effects, such as oedema, haemorrhage, myonecrosis and coagulation of citrated human plasma. Further, the extract inhibited the caseinolytic, hyaluronolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities of the venom. The extract caused dose dependent inhibition of the toxic activities studied, suggesting venom inhibition. Thus, the anti-snake venom property of the extract appears to be highly promising for further investigation in order to achieve better neutralization of Indian E. carinatus venom poisoning.     

Grape seed extract Vitis vinifera protects against radiation‐induced oxidative damage and metabolic disorders in rats

Whole body exposure to ionizing radiation induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different tissues provoking oxidative damage, organ dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. The present study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of grape seed extract (GSE), rich in proanthocyanidins against γ‐radiation‐induced oxidative stress in heart and pancreas tissues associated with serum metabolic disturbances. Irradiated rats were whole body exposed to 5 Gy γ‐radiation. GSE‐treated irradiated rats received 100 mg GSE/kg/day, by gavage, for 14 days before irradiation. The animals were killed on days 1, 14 and 28 after irradiation. Significant decreases of SOD, CAT and GSH‐Px activities associated with significant increases of TBARS levels were recorded in both tissues after irradiation. GSE administration pre‐irradiation significantly attenuated the radiation‐induced oxidative stress in heart tissues which was substantiated by a significant amelioration of serum LDH, CPK and AST activities. GSE treatment also attenuated the oxidative stress in pancreas tissues which was associated with a significant improvement in radiation‐induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that GSE would protect the heart and pancreas tissues from oxidative damage induced by ionizing irradiation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Folic Acid and Grape Seed Extract Prevent Azathioprine‐induced Fetal Malformations and Renal Toxicity in Rats

Azathioprine (AZA) is an important drug commonly used in the therapy of the autoimmune system disorders. It induces many hazard effects that restrict its use. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of AZA on the fetal development and renal function and its co‐administration with either folic acid (FA) or grape seed extract (GSE). The effects of administration of GSE or FA on AZA toxicity by gavage simultaneously for 4 weeks were studied by determining the changes in kidney histology, the glutathione level (GSH), and lipid per oxidation content as malondialdehyde in the kidney tissue. Additionally, their effects on the fetal development were investigated. Azathioprine induced a renal damage as indicated from the pronounced changes in histological structure, a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine, and malondialdehyde content in the kidney tissue. Meanwhile, the GSH activity was significantly decreased. Co‐treatment with GSE significantly minimized the previously mentioned hazard effects of AZA by ameliorating the antioxidant activity. At this point, FA induced a nonsignificant protective activity. The results also revealed that administration of FA or GSE at 6th to 15th day of gestation did not altered fetal development. While, AZA administration clearly disturbed fetal development as indicated from a significant decrease in fetal weights. Furthermore, co‐administration of both drugs significantly minimized similarly the hazards of AZA on the fetal development. It may be concluded that GSE and FA are a useful remedies. Maternal administrations of either both are protective agents against AZA‐induced fetal malformations. Grape seed extract was more active than FA in potentiating the antioxidative defenses for controlling AZA‐induced oxidative renal damages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anti‐platelet Activity of Erythro‐(7S,8R)‐7‐acetoxy‐3,4,3′,5′‐tetramethoxy‐8‐O‐4′‐neolignan from Myristica fragrans

Platelets play a critical role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders and strokes. The inhibition of platelet function is beneficial for the treatment and prevention of these diseases. In this study, we investigated the anti‐platelet activity of erythro‐(7S,8R)‐7‐acetoxy‐3,4,3′,5′‐tetramethoxy‐8‐O‐4′‐neolignan (EATN), a neolignan isolated from Myristica fragrans, using human platelets. EATN preferentially inhibited thrombin‐ and platelet‐activating factor (PAF)‐induced platelet aggregation without affecting platelet damage in a concentration‐dependent manner with IC₅₀ values of 3.2 ± 0.4 and 3.4 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. However, much higher concentrations of EATN were required to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid. EATN also inhibited thrombin‐induced serotonin and ATP release, and thromboxane B₂ formation in human platelets. Moreover, EATN caused an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and attenuated intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization in thrombin‐activated human platelets. Therefore, we conclude that the inhibitory mechanism of EATN on platelet aggregation may increase cAMP levels and subsequently inhibit intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization by interfering with a common signaling pathway rather than by directly inhibiting the binding of thrombin or PAF to their receptors. This is the first report of the anti‐platelet activity of EATN isolated from M. fragrans. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

耳穴压籽法中按压力量与耳穴效应关系的探究

目的:研究用不同力量按压耳穴对耳穴效应的影响。方法:对30名健康受试者用不同力量按压其左侧耳穴神门3 min,同时测量右侧耳穴神门皮肤温度并持续23 min,观察并记录变化情况。结果:轻按和重按左侧神门之后,右侧神门温度变化趋势组间差异不显著(P=0.114),轻按组耳廓温度上升幅度较之重按组大,比较差异明显,有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论:轻压耳穴,耳廓温度以上升为主;重压耳穴,耳廓温度以下降为主。     

苦瓜子中植物胰岛素的凝胶柱与RP-HPLC法分离

采用有机酸、醇提取,Sephadex G-50凝胶柱层析、反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)技术分离,从苦瓜子中分离出降糖多肽PA,根据SDS-PAGE电泳和氨基酸组成分析,判定PA为植物胰岛素.     

Anti‐myocardial Ischemia Effect and Components of Litchi Pericarp Extracts

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a famous fruit in south China, and it is also effective for chest tightness or chest pain, irritability, flatulence, epigastric pain and neuralgic pain, hernia pain and testicular swelling, cough, etc. It is valued because a great amount of polyphenol was found in litchi pericarp. In this paper, we got litchi pericarp pure extract by a simple purification method, then evaluated its activity to clear oxygen free radicals in vitro , and evaluated its myocardial protection effect in vivo through acute myocardial ischemia rat model. The results showed that the pure extract had protective effect on myocardial ischemia injury in a certain dose–effect relationship, which reflected in the electrocardiogram, myocardial pathological morphology and other indicators such as cardiac function enzymes, serum and myocardial antioxidant capacity, and eNOS, Bcl‐2 and Bax gene expression. Furthermore, we analyzed the components of pure extract by UPLC‐MS, ESI‐MS and NMR. The main components of PLPE were procyanidin which were identified as procyanidin B2(1), (?)‐epicatechin(2), epicatechin‐(4β → 8,2β → O → 7)‐epicatechin‐(4β → 8)‐epicatechin(3), A‐type procyanidin trimer(4), B‐type procyanidin dimer(5) and procyanidin A2(6).This study proved that litchi pericarp extract may have antioxidant activity and cardioprotection effect. It suggested that litchi pericarp may be good for cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电针配合耳穴贴籽按压干预胃镜检查反应临床观察

目的:观察电针配合耳穴贴籽按压控制胃镜检查中不良反应的临床效应。方法:将102例胃镜检查患者随机分为两组各51例。干预组采用检查前耳穴贴籽按压与检查中针刺内关、足三里穴并局部利多卡因药物麻醉相结合;对照组单纯采用口服利多卡因药物麻醉。检查结束后患者进行回顾性评价,根据视觉量表进行评分。结果:干预组患者胃镜检查中不适反应较对照组明显减少,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:电针配合耳穴贴籽按压能有效控制胃镜检查引起的不良反应。     

沙棘籽渣黄酮类化合物诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡研究

目的：探讨沙棘籽渣黄酮类化合物(FSH)对人肝癌细胞BEL-7402的抑制和诱导凋亡作用。方法：采用SRB观察FSH对人肝癌细胞BEL-7402的生长抑制作用，采用wright染色、透射电镜和流式细胞术检测FSH对BEL-7402细胞的促凋亡作用。结果：200～1200μg／ml FSH能够剂量依赖性地抑制BEL-7402细胞的增殖，wright染色观察到凋亡小体，透射电镜下发生染色质边集，流式细胞术检测出现亚二倍体峰。结论：FSH能够抑制BEL-7402的生长并能诱导细胞凋亡。     

The effect of Aronia consumption on lipid profile,blood pressure,and biomarkers of inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Plant derivatives, such as anthocyanin‐rich phytochemicals, have been reported to elicit a positive effect on lipid profile. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review and meta‐analyze the effects of Aronia consumption on lipid profiles, blood pressure, and biomarkers of inflammation in randomized controlled trials. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, and SCOPUS up to December 2018. Seven studies were identified and analyzed in this meta‐analysis. Our study found a significant increase in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL; weighted mean difference [WMD]: 1.48 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval, CI, [1.29, 1.68]) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: 2.55 mmHg, 95% CI [0.63, 4.47]) following Aronia consumption. There was no significant effect on systolic blood pressure and C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin‐1. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that cholesterol (WMD: ?7.18, 95% CI [?13.90, ?0.46]) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL; WMD: ?5.84, 95% CI [?6.91, ?4.77]) decreased more significantly in interventions less than 10 weeks in duration. Dose–response analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in triglyceride levels when dose of Aronia was increased to 300 mg/day. In conclusion, the results demonstrated a significant increase in HDL and reduction in total cholesterol and LDL among patients supplementing with Aronia.     

黄连种子胚后熟期间的生理生化变化及激素的影响

黄连种子需要在低温条件下才能解除休眠。本文对黄连种子层积在室外和冰箱两种条件下,种胚后熟过程中的淀粉酶活性及DNA、蛋白质的变化规律作了测定,并对ABA处理后种子的生理生化变化作了研究。