温肾活血法中药对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株体内外生长的影响

目的：通过对MCF－7细胞株体内外的研究,揭示温肾活血法中药抑制乳腺癌的作用机理。方法：体外实验用MTT法测定药物血清对细胞的杀伤作用,并用FCM检测各组细胞的细胞周期,体内实验观察药物对体内移植瘤生长的影响。结果：温肾活血中药血清在培养液中浓度为10%、20％和30％时,对MCF－7的体外生长抑制率达22.7%、33.1％和37.4%(P＜0.05）。温肾活血法中药灌饲MCF－7荷瘤裸小鼠后,在剂量为8g/kg、4g/kg、2g/kg时抑瘤率分别为47.5％、44.2％、51.0％。结论：温肾活血法中药可以抑制乳腺癌,其机理可能是通过抑制癌细胞的DNA合成而达到抑制癌细胞的生长。     

葡萄籽提取物原花青素诱导乳腺癌 MCF-7 细胞脱落凋亡

目的 检测葡萄籽提取物原花青素诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞脱落凋亡的作用。方法 采用DNA ladder检测及软琼脂集落形成试验方法，观察乳腺癌MCF-7细胞对脱落凋亡的敏感性以及原花青素诱导其脱落凋亡的作用。结果 MCF-7细胞具有抗脱落凋亡的特性，而0．1mmol／L原花青素即可引起悬浮培养的MCF-7细胞凋亡。表现为细胞染色质DNA断裂及软琼脂集落形成受阻。结论 原花青素可诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞脱落凋亡。     

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) extract inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells via modulation of Akt activity and p27 level

Danshen is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, often in combination with other herbs. To check the effect of Danshen on the proliferation of breast cancer cells, Danshen extract was used to treat MCF‐7 and MCF‐7 HER2 cells, the latter of which overexpresses HER2. HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase, and is involved in signal transduction pathways leading to tumor cell proliferation. MTT and cell proliferation assays revealed that Danshen strongly inhibited the proliferation of both MCF‐7 vec cells and MCF‐7 HER2 cells. Flow cytometry analyses indicated that Danshen induced cell cycle delay in the G1 phase. HER2 expression was shown to confer resistance to Danshen‐induced inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle delay, suggesting that HER2 is responsible for the resistance to Danshen. Danshen treatment induced the down‐regulation of Akt phosphorylation and an increase in p27 in MCF‐7 vec and MCF‐7 HER2 cells. Nevertheless, MCF‐7 HER2 cells were more resistant to the Danshen‐induced inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and p27 up‐regulation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

紫甘蓝提取液对人乳腺癌细胞生长和迁移的抑制作用

目的:探讨紫甘蓝提取物对乳腺癌细胞MCF7生长和迁移的抑制作用。方法:应用MTT法检测不同浓度紫甘蓝提取物对MCF7增殖的抑制作用,并用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,Annexin V-FITC/PI染色细胞后用流式细胞术检测不同浓度紫甘蓝提取物对MCF7凋亡的影响,采用Transwell法检测不同浓度紫甘蓝提取物对MCF7迁移的影响。采用SPSS16.0软件对实验结果进行统计学处理。结果:紫甘蓝提取物可抑制MCF7的增殖,并呈浓度依赖性和时间依赖性(P0.05),也使MCF7形态发生了异常变化,紫甘蓝提取物可诱导MCF7凋亡、抑制其迁移,且呈浓度-效应关系(P0.05)。结论:紫甘蓝提取物可抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF7生长和迁移。     

Curcumin Modulates miR‐19/PTEN/AKT/p53 Axis to Suppress Bisphenol A‐induced MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Bisphenol A (BPA), as a known endocrine disrupter, is closely related to the development of breast cancer. Curcumin has been clinically used in chemopreventation and treatment of cancer; however, it remains unknown whether microRNAs are involved in curcumin‐mediated protection from BPA‐associated promotive effects on breast cancer. In the present study, we showed that BPA exhibited estrogenic activity by increasing the proliferation of estrogen‐receptor‐positive MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells and triggering transition of the cells from G1 to S phase. Curcumin inhibited the proliferative effects of BPA on MCF‐7 cells. Meanwhile, BPA‐induced upregulation of oncogenic miR‐19a and miR‐19b, and the dysregulated expression of miR‐19‐related downstream proteins, including PTEN, p‐AKT, p‐MDM2, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, were reversed by curcumin. Furthermore, the important role of miR‐19 in BPA‐mediated MCF‐7 cell proliferation was also illustrated. These results suggest for the first time that curcumin modulates miR‐19/PTEN/AKT/p53 axis to exhibit its protective effects against BPA‐associated breast cancer promotion. Findings from this study could provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which BPA exerts its breast‐cancer‐promoting effect as well as its target intervention. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cytotoxic Impact of Costunolide Isolated from Costus speciosus on Breast Cancer via Differential Regulation of Cell Cycle—An In‐vitro and In‐silico Approach

Costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, is a biologically active molecule found in most of the medicinally valuable plants. The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer property of costunolide isolated from Costus speciosus against breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231). Costunolide effectively reduced the viability of both MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines at an IC₅₀ value of 40 μM. Flow cytometric analysis revealed costunolide mediated cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in both the cell types. Western blotting results confirmed the alterations in the expression of cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1, D3, CDK‐4, CDK‐6, p18 INK4c, p21 CIP1/Waf‐1 and p27 KIP1) and apoptosis inducers (caspase‐3 and caspase‐9) upon costunolide treatment in comparison with their expressions in normal breast cell line (MCF‐10A). Costunolide mediated downregulation of positive cell cycle regulators and upregulation of negative cell cycle regulators were related to the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The above results were validated with in‐silico results that predicted stable interactions between costunolide and cancer targets. Thus costunolide effectively induced breast cancer cell apoptosis targeting cell cycle regulation, and the compound can be used as an effective herbal therapeutic molecule to treat breast cancer with further explorations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

贝母素甲抑制人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/TAM增殖及其对细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨贝母素甲抑制耐三苯氧胺人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/TAM的增殖及其机制。方法:采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色分析法检测贝母素甲作用于MCF-7/TAM细胞后的抑制率;用流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡率;用免疫细胞化学法检测Bcl-2表达变化。结果:贝母素甲对MCF-7/TAM细胞有明显的抑制作用,呈浓度和时间依赖性。作用48h后能诱导细胞凋亡,细胞周期被阻滞于G1期(P0.05)。免疫细胞化学法检测Bcl-2表达减弱(P0.01)。结论:贝母素甲可抑制MCF-7/TAM细胞的增殖,并诱导其凋亡。     

Fangchinoline Induces G1 Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells Through Cell‐Cycle Regulation

Fangchinoline, an alkaloid derived from the dry roots of Stephaniae tetrandrine S. Moore (Menispermaceae), has been shown to possess cytotoxic, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In this study, we used Fangchinoline to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and to investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Human breast cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231, were both used in this study. We found that Fangchinoline significantly decreased cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner and induced G1‐phase arrest in both cell lines. In addition, upon analysis of expression of cell cycle‐related proteins, we found that Fangchinoline reduced expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and cyclin E, and increased expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, p21/WAF1, and p27/KIP1. Moreover, Fangchinoline also inhibited the kinase activities of CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6. These results suggest that Fangchinoline can inhibit human breast cancer cell proliferation and thus may have potential applications in cancer therapy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

七叶皂苷钠通过抑制AKT,ERK上游信号SRC活性诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡

探讨七叶皂苷钠对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的凋亡诱导作用及其可能的作用机制。运用MTT法检测七叶皂苷钠对MCF-7细胞的增殖抑制作用;倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;DAPI染色后在荧光显微镜下检测细胞核变化;采用Annexin V-FITC/PI流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;采用Western blotting检测凋亡相关蛋白(PARP,cleaved caspase-8,pro-caspase-3)和细胞存活相关信号分子(AKT,ERK)及其共同上游激酶SRC的磷酸化变化情况。结果显示,不同浓度七叶皂苷钠作用于乳腺癌MCF-7细胞后,以剂量依赖方式抑制MCF-7细胞增殖;诱导细胞凋亡(典型的凋亡形态学变化、细胞核改变和细胞凋亡率显著增加);细胞凋亡相关蛋白PARP切割增加,cleaved caspase-8表达增加,pro-caspase-3表达减少进一步验证了七叶皂苷钠的凋亡诱导作用;七叶皂苷钠显著抑制细胞存活相关信号分子(AKT,ERK)的磷酸化,其共同上游激酶SRC的活化亦显著下降。结果表明,七叶皂苷钠通过抑制SRC的活化,阻断信号向下游信号分子AKT,ERK的传递,抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。     

In Vitro culture studies of FlorEssence on human tumor cell lines

FlorEssence (FE) is an herbal tea widely used by patients to treat chronic conditions in North America, particularly cancer patients during chemo- and radiation therapy. Although individual components of FE have antioxidant, antiestrogenic, immunostimulant and antitumor properties, in vitro evidence of anticancer activity for the herbal tea itself is still lacking. We studied the antiproliferative effect of FE on MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer, and Jurkat and K562 leukemia cell lines. We found that FE significantly inhibited the proliferation of both breast and leukemia cells in vitro only at high concentrations, with 50% inhibition of MDA-MB-468 cells at about 1[sol ]20 dilution, Jurkat cells at about 1[sol ]10 dilution and MCF7 and K562 cells at less than 1[sol ]10 dilution. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with a high concentration of FE induced G2[sol ]M arrest in MCF7 and Jurkat cells, with also an increased SubG0[sol ]G1 fraction in MCF7 cells. MDA-MB-468 cells showed a significantly increased Sub G0[sol ]G1 fraction after treatment with 1[sol ]10 dilution of FE while the cell cycle of K562 was unaffected. When MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells were treated with a combination of FE with either paclitaxel or cisplatin, results showed that only the combination of 1[sol ]20 dilution of FE with 0.5 microM cisplatin resulted in a small but significantly higher MCF7 cell survival than 0.5 microM cisplatin treatment alone. FE at 1[sol ]20 and 1[sol ]50 dilutions did not affect the antiproliferative properties of these two commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. The results suggest that FE at high concentrations show differential inhibitory effect on different human cancer cell lines. Further studies are needed to assess the biological activities of FE.     

番茄红素对牛胸主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的作用及作用机制

目的：研究番茄红素对牛胸主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的作用及作用机制。方法：采用组织块法体外培养牛胸主动脉平滑肌细胞,以含10%小牛血清的培养基制备牛胸主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖模型。细胞分为正常组、阴性对照组、模型组及1、0.1和0.01μmol·L^-1三个不同浓度的番茄红素实验组。实验采用MTT法测定牛胸主动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖活性,采用流式细胞术测定细胞周期分布,并测定了细胞内的SOD活性和MDA含量。结果：番茄红素在三个实验浓度下都能显著抑制血管平滑肌细胞的增殖。一方面,番茄红素抑制了G1期细胞进入S期;另一方面,番茄红素在1和0.1μmol·L^-1的浓度下,能明显增强细胞中的SOD活性,同时,在三个给药浓度下,细胞内的MDA含量都显著降低。这些作用都具有浓度依赖性,并且与模型组比较均有统计学差异。结论：番茄红素对牛胸主动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖有抑制作用,并且这种抑制作用可能与它能够抑制细胞进程和它的强抗氧化性能够抑制细胞中的脂质过氧化和氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）的形成有关。它有望成为防治动脉粥样硬化的一种新的药物。     

Acylated Iridoids and Rhamnopyranoses from Premna odorata (Lamiaceae) as Novel Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition Factor Receptor Inhibitors for the Control of Breast Cancer

Phytochemical investigation of Premna odorata Blanco, Lamiaceae, leaves afforded three new acylated iridoid glycosides 1–3 and two new acylated rhamnopyranoses 9 and 10, in addition to ten known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed using extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis. Molecular modeling study suggested the potential of the acylated rhamnopyranoses to bind at the c‐Met kinase domain. Cell‐free Z′‐LYTE? assay testing revealed the good c‐Met phosphorylation inhibitory activity of 9, followed by 8, and 10, with IC₅₀ values of 2.5, 6.9, and 12.7 μM, respectively. The (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay testing against the human c‐Met expressing highly invasive MDA‐MB‐231 suggested compound 9 as the most active with IC₅₀ value of 13.3 μM. Testing of compound 9 against multiple phenotypic breast cancer cell lines including MCF‐7, BT‐474 cells, and MDA‐MB‐468 proved enhanced activity against the highly c‐Met expressing triple‐negative breast cancer cell lines. Acylated rhamnopyranoses are potential novel c‐Met inhibitors appropriate for future optimizations to control c‐Met‐dependent breast malignancies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Puzzling Issue of ‘Vehicle‐Treated Control’ when Using Ethanol as Drug Carrier for MCF‐7 Cells

Ethanol has been commonly used as a vehicle for drug discovery purpose in vitro. The human breast cancer MCF‐7 estrogen dependent cell line is a common in vitro model used for hormonal therapy study. However, special precaution is suggested when ethanol is used in pharmacological tests as solvent in order to evaluate the biological activity of potential drugs especially concerning about the MCF‐7. Ethanol was shown to stimulate the proliferation of this estrogen receptor positive cell line. Here, we have further demonstrated that the dose responsive stimulatory effect of ethanol on the MCF‐7 cells after pre‐incubating the breast carcinoma cells with phenol red‐free medium and stripped fetal bovine serum. Our findings open a discussion for the evaluation of ethanol as solvent for drug discovery and screening when using MCF‐7 cells as a testing model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improving anticancer activities of Oplopanax horridus root bark extract by removing water‐soluble components

O. horridus is used as a folk medicine by natives in the Northern Pacific coast of North America. This experiment studied the antiproliferative effects of the extract of O. horridus root bark and its fractions chromatographed from Dianion HP20 resin column with water, 30, 50, 70 and 100% ethanol on human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The role of O. horridus in the cell cycle and apoptosis of MCF‐7 cells was also investigated. The results showed that the 70% and 100% ethanol fractions demonstrated more potent antiproliferative effects than the total extract on both cell lines. The antiproliferative effects may result from the enrichment of active constituents detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The IC₅₀ of the total extract, 50, 70, and 100% ethanol fractions for antiproliferation on MCF‐7 cells were 248.4, 123.1, 44.0, and 31.5 μg/mL, respectively, and on NSCLC cells were 125.3, 271.1, 17.6, and 23.2 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the water and 30% ethanol fractions significantly promoted cell proliferation on MCF‐7 cells at concentrations > 100 μg/mL, suggesting that the hydrophilic fractions should be removed from the extract when used for cancer chemoprevention in order to achieve desirable activities. The effects of the total extract on cell cycle and apoptosis were similar to that of the 100% ethanol fraction because of the similarity of their chemical composition. At higher concentrations, the apoptotic effects of the 70% ethanol fraction are more significant. Data from this study suggested that the 70% and 100% ethanol fractions are active antiproliferative fractions and that induction of apoptosis is the mechanism involved in the antiproliferative effect observed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

疏肝益肾方对人乳腺癌TAM耐药细胞株MCF-7 TAM-R的作用及其机制的研究

目的:研究疏肝益肾方对他莫昔芬耐药乳腺癌细胞MCF-7 TAM-R的作用,并探讨其可能的机制。方法:采用中药血清药理学方法制备大鼠含疏肝益肾方高中低剂量血清、TAM阳性对照血清、空白阴性对照血清,体外培养MCF-7 TAM-R细胞。CCK8法观察各组含药血清对MCF-7 TAM-R细胞株的抑制率,基因芯片检测MCF-7 TAM-R耐药细胞株可能的作用机制。结果:CCK8实验结果显示疏肝益肾方高中低剂量均可不同程度抑制MCF-7 TAM-R细胞株的增殖,且中药高剂量组在48小时抑制作用最强(P0.05)。基因芯片结果显示高剂量疏肝益肾方可以下调MCF-7 TAM-R耐药细胞株MAPK通路、VEGF通路等通路的表达。结论:1疏肝益肾方对TAM耐药乳腺癌细胞MCF-7 TAM-R的增殖有抑制作用。2疏肝益肾方逆转MCF-7 TAM-R细胞他莫昔芬耐药的机制涉及多条通路,可能与抑制MAPK通路、VEGF通路等通路有关。     

大蒜素逆转人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞顺铂耐药性的研究

[目的]探索大蒜素对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞顺铂耐药性的逆转作用及调控机制.[方法]以对数生长期人乳腺癌耐顺铂MCF-7/DDP细胞为受试细胞,设空白对照组(DMSO)、大蒜素(20μg/mL)单药组、顺铂(6μg/mL)单药组、联合组(大蒜素20μg/mL+顺铂6μg/mL).药物干预48 h后,噻唑蓝(MTT)染色法...     

Quercetin reversed MDR in breast cancer cells through down‐regulating P‐gp expression and eliminating cancer stem cells mediated by YB‐1 nuclear translocation

Overexpression of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) plays an important role in mediating multidrug resistance (MDR), resulting in chemotherapy failure of tumor patients and enhancement of cancer stem cell characteristics. By preparing doxorubicin (Dox) resistant human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells, here, we wanted to evaluate the effects of quercetin (Que) on MDR reversal activity and investigate its possible mechanism. MCF‐7 and MCF‐7/dox cells were respectively treated by Dox, paclitaxel (Pac), or vincristine (Vcr) with or without Que intervention for 24 hr. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, intracellular drug accumulation, the expression of P‐gp and Y‐box binding protein 1 (YB‐1), and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) were then assessed. The results showed that Que significantly enhanced the antitumor activities of Dox, Pac, and Vcr in breast cancer cells. In addition, combined treatment of Dox, Pac, or Vcr with Que significantly downregulated P‐gp expression and eliminated BCSCs. Furthermore, combined treatment of Dox, Pac, or Vcr with Que significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of YB‐1. Thus, we speculated that Que reversed MDR in breast cancer cells through downregulating P‐gp expression and eliminating cancer stem cells mediated by YB‐1 nuclear translocation.     

Steroidal Glycosides with Antiproliferative Activities from Digitalis trojana

The phytochemical investigation of Digitalis trojana led to the isolation of two cardiac glycosides (1, 2), one pregnane glycoside (3), three furostanol type saponins (4–6), along with three cleroindicins (7–9), four phenylethanoid glycosides (10–13), two flavonoids (14, 15) and two phenolic acid derivatives (16, 17). The structure elucidation of the isolates was carried out by NMR experiments as well as ESI‐MS. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1–13 against a small panel of cancer cell lines, namely MCF‐7, T98G, HT‐29, PC‐3, A375 and SH‐SY5Y, was investigated. Compounds 1–6 showed antiproliferative activity against human breast MCF‐7 and colon HT‐29 cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 8.3 to 50 μM. In order to understand the mechanism involved in the cell death, the active compounds were tested as pro‐apoptotic agents using propidium iodide staining by flow cytometry method. No significant increase was observed in the apoptosis of the MCF‐7 and HT‐29 cancer cells. Moreover, the effects of the active compounds on cell proliferation were assessed on the same cancer cell lines by cell cycle analysis of DNA content using flow cytometry. No significative changes were observed in the cell cycle of MCF‐7, while significant changes in G₂/M cell cycle phase of HT‐29 cells were observed after treatment with digitalin (1), cariensoside (3) and 22‐O‐methylparvispinoside B (6) at 10 μM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms of α‐conidendrin,a polyphenolic compound present in Taxus yunnanensis,on human breast cancer cell lines

α‐Conidendrin is a polyphenolic compound found mainly in Taxus yunnanensis, as the source of chemotherapy drug paclitaxel, which has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms of α‐conidendrin on breast cancer cell lines. The results of the present study show that α‐conidendrin possesses potent antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. α‐Conidendrin significantly induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells via reactive oxygen species generation, upregulation of p53 and Bax, downregulation of Bcl‐2, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and activation of caspases‐3 and ‐9. α‐Conidendrin remarkably inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells through induction of cell cycle arrest by upregulating p53 and p21 and downregulating cyclin D1 and CDK4. Unlike breast cancer cells, the antiproliferative effect of α‐conidendrin on human foreskin fibroblast cells (normal cells) was very small. In normal cells, reactive oxygen species levels, loss of MMP, release of cytochrome c, mRNA expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, CDK4, Bax, and Bcl‐2 as well as mRNA expression and activity of caspases‐3 and ‐9 were significantly less affected by α‐conidendrin compared with cancer cells. These results suggest that α‐conidendrin can be a promising agent for treatment of breast cancer with little or no toxicity against normal cells.