气相色谱-质谱法对高危婴幼儿遗传性代谢疾病筛查的研究

目的：研究气相色谱－质谱法对高危婴幼儿遗传性代谢疾病筛查的意义的价值,并对阳性患儿的临床特点进行分析。方法：对705名原因不明的智力－运动发育迟缓、倒退及疑有遗传代谢病的婴幼儿,采用气相色谱－质谱（GC－MS）方法进行尿液化学分析。结果：705例中尿化学分析异常者65例（9．2％）,均为遗传性代谢疾病患儿,其中半乳糖血症11例,苯丙酮尿症、甲基丙二酸尿症各10例,范可尼综合征3例、戍二酸、赖氨酸尿症、疑似同型丝氨酸尿症各2例,果糖1．6二磷酸酶缺乏症、焦谷氨酸尿症、长链脂肪酸尿症及神经母细胞瘤、鸟氨酸尿症、多羧酸酶缺乏症各1例,单纯性糖尿2例,糖尿病2例,乳酸及酮尿症15例。对筛查出的数种疾病患儿进行合理的治疗均取得明显效果。结论：（1）对不明原因的智力－运动发育及倒退的婴幼儿应进行遗传性代谢疾病的筛查。（2）GC－MS检测技术方法准确,敏感性高,特异性强,是筛查遗传性代谢疾病的有效手段。（3）婴幼儿遗传性代谢疾病的筛查应尽早进行,扩大新生儿遗传性代谢疾病筛查的覆盖面,增加筛查病种是非常重要的。     

串联质谱技术在遗传性代谢病高危儿童筛查中的初步应用

目的　开展遗传性代谢病高危儿童筛查检测。方法　临床疑诊遗传性代谢病儿童 10 4例 ,男 77例 ,女 2 7例 ,年龄 (4 8± 4 2 )岁。手指采血 ,滴于专用采血滤纸上。干血滤纸片与含已知量的氨基酸、酰基肉碱同位素内标一起 ,经甲醇萃取 ,盐酸正丁醇衍生后 ,用串联质谱仪分析血片中氨基酸谱和酰基肉碱谱及其浓度。结果　在 10 4例标本中 ,检出阳性标本 10例 (9 6 % ) ,其中酪氨酸血症1例 ,同型胱氨酸血症 1例 ,高鸟氨酸血症 1例 ,甲基丙二酸血症 2例 ,丙酸血症 1例 ,3 羟基 3 甲基戊二酸裂解酶缺乏症 1例 ,中链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症 2例 ,酰基肉碱转移酶Ⅱ缺乏症 1例。结论串联质谱技术可检测 30余种遗传性代谢病 ,包括氨基酸代谢紊乱、有机酸代谢紊乱和脂肪酸代谢紊乱性疾病 ,高危遗传性代谢病患儿的筛查有重要价值     

Evaluation and management of patients with propionic acidemia undergoing liver transplantation: a comprehensive review

Propionic acidemia is a rare metabolic disorder that often results in episodic hyperammonemia, basal ganglia infarction, mental retardation, and cardiomyopathy. OLT has been used as a treatment for propionic acidemia, but its benefit in patients with this disease is unclear. The current study was undertaken to clarify the role of OLT in the management of this disease. The medical literature, a national registry of US OLT recipients, and a single institution liver transplant experience were reviewed for cases of OLT for propionic acidemia. Accumulated cases demonstrate that OLT has resulted in clear evidence of clinical improvement in several patients, often obviating the need for dietary restriction or other forms of medical management. OLT appears to halt the decline in neurocognitive function often associated with propionic acidemia. In total, 12 patients with propionic acidemia have undergone a total of 14 OLTs. A quantitative analysis of outcomes shows an overall patient survival rate of 72.2% at one year after OLT. In conclusion, OLT should be considered a treatment option for patients with propionic acidemia who continue to experience episodes of hyperammonemia in spite of maximal medical therapy. Early OLT may limit the development of mental retardation and/or cardiomyopathy.     

Parent Preferences and Perceptions of Milliliters and Teaspoons: Role of Health Literacy and Experience

Background and Objectives

A recent American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement recommends milliliter-exclusive dosing for pediatric liquid medications. Little is known about parent preferences regarding units, perceptions about moving to milliliters only, and the role of health literacy and prior milliliter-dosing experience.

Long-chain 3-hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency: a new case presenting with liver dysfunction,cholestasis and fibrosis

A cholestatic 6-mo-old girl was admitted to our department because she recently presented with hypotonia and lethargy, apparently due to moderate and transient hypoglycaemia. Her urine contained 3-hydroxy-dicarboxylic acids of 12 to 14 carbons in length and her plasma acylcarnitine profile was consistent with long-chain 3-hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency. This diagnosis was confirmed by enzyme studies. This deficiency was due to a G1528C mutation on the paternal allele (mutation on the maternal allele as yet not identified). The patient improved dramatically with medium-chain triglyceride supplementation. CONCLUSION: Early cholestasis and hepatic fibrosis must lead to search for long-chain 3-hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency, particularly when hypoketotic hypoglycaemia is present.     

Evaluation of a method to reduce over-the-counter medication dosing error

OBJECTIVES: To introduce a simple method of dosing over-the-counter medication in a home setting using a color-coding concept and to compare dosing deviation from recommended dosage using the color-coded method with dosing deviation using conventional package labeling. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Pediatric emergency center at a tertiary care medical center. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 101 caregivers of children with nonemergent complaints separated into 2 groups. One group used a conventional dosing method and the other group used a color-coded method to determine and measure a dose of acetaminophen for their child. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: For both dose determination and dose measuring, percentage of deviation from recommended acetaminophen dosage was calculated and compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in sociodemographic characteristics between the 2 groups. How-ever, for dose determination, the average deviation (25.8% vs 1.7%) and median deviation (1% vs 0%) from recommended dosage were both higher for the group using conventional methods compared with the group using the color-coded method. The Wilcoxon rank sum test indicated that the median deviation was significantly different between the 2 groups (P<.001). Similar results were obtained for dose measuring. The average deviation (29% vs 0.5%) and the median deviation (17.2% vs 0%) from recommended dosage were higher for the group using conventional methods compared with the group using the color-coded method. The median deviation was also significantly different between the 2 groups (P<.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests a marked improvement in caregivers' ability to correctly determine and measure an over-the-counter medication for their child using a color-coded method compared with conventional methods.