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1.
Haoyi Shi Chao Jiang Wenrui Dai Xiaoqian Jiang Yuzhe Tang Lucila Ohno-Machado Shuang Wang 《BMC medical informatics and decision making》2016,16(3):89
Background
In biomedical research, data sharing and information exchange are very important for improving quality of care, accelerating discovery, and promoting the meaningful secondary use of clinical data. A big concern in biomedical data sharing is the protection of patient privacy because inappropriate information leakage can put patient privacy at risk.Methods
In this study, we deployed a grid logistic regression framework based on Secure Multi-party Computation (SMAC-GLORE). Unlike our previous work in GLORE, SMAC-GLORE protects not only patient-level data, but also all the intermediary information exchanged during the model-learning phase.Results
The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of secure distributed logistic regression across multiple institutions without sharing patient-level data.Conclusions
In this study, we developed a circuit-based SMAC-GLORE framework. The proposed framework provides a practical solution for secure distributed logistic regression model learning.2.
Nicolas Degand Justine Dautremer Benoît Pilmis Agnès Ferroni Fanny Lanternier Julie Bruneau Olivier Hermine Stéphane Blanche Xavier Nassif Olivier Lortholary Marc Lecuit 《Journal of clinical immunology》2017,37(7):727-731
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Helicobacter bilis is a commensal bacterium causing chronic hepatitis and colitis in mice. In humans, enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. are associated with chronic hepatobiliary diseases.Purpose
We aimed at understanding the microbial etiology in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia presenting with suppurative cholangitis.Methods
16S rDNA PCR directly performed on a liver biopsy retrieved DNA of H. bilis.Results
Clinical outcome resulted in the normalization of clinical and biological parameters under antibiotic treatment by a combination of ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and doxycyclin followed by a 2-week treatment with moxifloxacin and a 2-month treatment with azithromycin.Conclusion
In conclusion, these data suggest a specific clinical and microbiological approach in patients with humoral deficiency in order to detect H. bilis hepatobiliary diseases.3.
Nina Landmann Marion Kuhn Christoph Nissen 《Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin》2016,20(1):30-36
Background
The neurobiological augmentation of psychotherapy has drawn increasing attention in research on psychotherapy over the past years. In this context, the manipulation of sleep with its beneficial effect on memory formation and underlying neuronal plasticity is of particular interest as a non-invasive intervention.Objectives
How do sleep and its selective manipulation influence the effectiveness of psychotherapy and how can sleep be used as an intervention to augment learning processes in psychotherapy?Materials and methods
Important studies that examine the effects of sleep on processes of memory formation and psychotherapy are presented and discussed.Results
Sleep represents a promising approach to augment the effects of psychotherapy. Sleep patterns are relevant both before and after psychotherapy. Another possibility is the manipulation of sleep and associated neuronal processes, e.?g. by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or drugs, which might influence learning processes and neuronal plasticity in the context of psychotherapy.Conclusion
Sleep represents a promising approach to augment psychotherapy. Future studies are needed to further unravel the underlying mechanisms and to test whether this approach can be transferred to clinical practice.4.
A multiple distributed representation method based on neural network for biomedical event extraction
Anran Wang Jian Wang Hongfei Lin Jianhai Zhang Zhihao Yang Kan Xu 《BMC medical informatics and decision making》2017,17(3):171
Background
Biomedical event extraction is one of the most frontier domains in biomedical research. The two main subtasks of biomedical event extraction are trigger identification and arguments detection which can both be considered as classification problems. However, traditional state-of-the-art methods are based on support vector machine (SVM) with massive manually designed one-hot represented features, which require enormous work but lack semantic relation among words.Methods
In this paper, we propose a multiple distributed representation method for biomedical event extraction. The method combines context consisting of dependency-based word embedding, and task-based features represented in a distributed way as the input of deep learning models to train deep learning models. Finally, we used softmax classifier to label the example candidates.Results
The experimental results on Multi-Level Event Extraction (MLEE) corpus show higher F-scores of 77.97% in trigger identification and 58.31% in overall compared to the state-of-the-art SVM method.Conclusions
Our distributed representation method for biomedical event extraction avoids the problems of semantic gap and dimension disaster from traditional one-hot representation methods. The promising results demonstrate that our proposed method is effective for biomedical event extraction.5.
Alessandra Bitto Daniela Giuliani Giovanni Pallio Natasha Irrera Eleonora Vandini Fabrizio Canalini Davide Zaffe Alessandra Ottani Letteria Minutoli Mariagrazia Rinaldi Salvatore Guarini Francesco Squadrito Domenica Altavilla 《Inflammation research》2017,66(5):389-398
Objective and design
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with amyloid plaques (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein tangles in the brain. We investigated the possible neuroprotective role of flavocoxid, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenases-1/2 (COX-1/2) and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX), in triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD) mice.Subjects
Mice were 3 months at the beginning of the study.Treatment
Animals received once daily for 3-month saline solution or flavocoxid (20 mg/kg/ip).Methods
Morris water maze was used to assess learning and memory. Histology was performed to evidence Aβ plaques and neuronal loss, while inflammatory proteins were determined by western blot analysis.Results
Saline-treated 3xTg-AD mice showed an impairment in spatial learning and memory (assessed at 6 months of age), and increased expression of inflammatory and apoptotic molecules. Treatment of 3xTg-AD mice with flavocoxid reduced: (1) learning and memory loss; (2) the increased eicosanoid production and the phosphorylation level of amyloid precursor protein (APP-pThr668), Aβ 1–42, p-tau (pThr181), pERK, and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome; (3) Aβ plaques; and (4) neuronal loss, compared to saline-treated animals.Conclusions
Pharmacological blockade of both COX-1/2 and 5-LOX was able to counteract the progression of AD by targeting pathophysiological mechanisms up- and downstream of Aβ and tau.6.
Giasemi Koutouzi Behrooz Nasihatkton Monika Danielak-Nowak Henrik Leonhardt Mårten Falkenberg Fredrik Kahl 《BMC medical imaging》2018,18(1):42
Background
A crucial step in image fusion for intraoperative guidance during endovascular procedures is the registration of preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) with intraoperative Cone Beam CT (CBCT). Automatic tools for image registration facilitate the 3D image guidance workflow. However their performance is not always satisfactory. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of a new fully automatic, feature-based algorithm for 3D3D registration of CTA to CBCT.Methods
The feature-based algorithm was tested on clinical image datasets from 14 patients undergoing complex endovascular aortic repair. Deviations in Euclidian distances between vascular as well as bony landmarks were measured and compared to an intensity-based, normalized mutual information algorithm.Results
The results for the feature-based algorithm showed that the median 3D registration error between the anatomical landmarks of CBCT and CT images was less than 3 mm. The feature-based algorithm showed significantly better accuracy compared to the intensity-based algorithm (p?<?0.001).Conclusion
A feature-based algorithm for 3D image registration is presented.7.
Sang-Hee Lee Jong-Jin Lee Hyun-Jin Chung Jong-Tae Park Hee-Jin Kim 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》2016,38(1):49-54
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting cracked teeth and its relative clinical effectiveness by comparing it with other diagnostic methods including conventional visual inspection, trans-illumination, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).Methods
The reliability of swept source OCT (SS-OCT) was verified by comparing the number of detected crack lines on 109 surfaces of 61 teeth with those detected with other conventional methods.Results
One to one comparison revealed that crack lines that were invisible with naked eyes could be found in SS-OCT images. The detection ability of SS-OCT was superior or similar to those of micro-CT (100.0 %) and trans-illumination.Conclusions
Crack lines shown in the SS-OCT images had distinct characteristics, and structural crack lines and craze lines could be distinguished in SS-OCT images. Thus, the detection ability of SS-OCT renders it an acceptable diagnostic device for cracked-tooth syndrome.8.
Kneginja Richter Lukas Peter Stefanie Kellner Thomas Hillemacher 《Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin》2018,22(3):194-198
Background
Millions of people share a bed with their partner. Sleep und relationship could possibly influence each other.Objectives
To identify and discuss connections between relationship and sleep quality.Methods
Review of the literature in electronic databases.Results
Conflict and violence in relationships lead to decreases in both partners’ sleep quality. Constructive approaches to resolving conflicts is necessary for good sleep, and vice versa. Women prefer partners with sleep-wake rhythms matching their own and report higher relationship satisfactions when the couple’s chronotypes are compatible.Conclusions
Sleep and circadian rhythms play important roles in relationships. When treating insomnia, the relationship and the partner’s sleep should be taken into account.9.
Takehiro Takashima Miko Okamura Tzu-wen Yeh Tsubasa Okano Motoi Yamashita Keisuke Tanaka Akihiro Hoshino Noriko Mitsuiki Masatoshi Takagi Eiichi Ishii Kohsuke Imai Hirokazu Kanegane Tomohiro Morio 《Journal of clinical immunology》2017,37(5):486-495
Purpose
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) are rare inherited diseases that impair the human immune system. We established a multicolor flow cytometric assay to comprehensively evaluate the immune status and immunological characteristics of patients with PIDDs.Methods
Fifty-nine normal controls and 75 patients with PIDDs, including X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID), X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (X-HIGM), ataxia telangiectasia (AT), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), hyper IgE syndrome (HIES), and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease (CMCD), were enrolled in this study. Immunophenotyes were evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry using seven different panels that allowed the detection of major leukocyte populations in peripheral blood.Results
Multicolor flow cytometry revealed distinct leukocyte populations and immunological features of patients with X-SCID, XLA, X-HIGM, AT, WAS, HIES, and CMCD.Conclusions
Immunophenotyping by multicolor flow cytometry is useful to evaluate immune status and contributes to the diagnosis and management of patients with PIDDs.10.
Background
Students’ motivation provides a powerful tool to maximise learning. The reasons for motivation can be articulated in view of self-determination theory (SDT). This theory proposes that for students to be motivated and hence benefit educationally and professionally from courses, three key elements are needed: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. In this paper we apply SDT theory to consider medical students’ motivation to participate throughout a 2014 optional summer intensive eight week elective anatomy by whole body dissection course. The course was designed and facilitated by surgeons, and required small group, active learning.Methods
At the end of the course, data were collected from all (24/24) students by means of an open ended survey questionnaire. Framework analysis was used to code and categorise data into themes.Results
Utilising self-determination theory as a theoretical framework, students’ motivation and experiences of participation in the course were explored. Elements that facilitated students’ motivation included the enthusiasm and expertise of the surgeons, the sense of collegiality and community within the course, the challenges of group activities, and sense of achievement through frequent assessments.Conclusion
The team learning course design, and facilitation by surgeons, provided an enriched learning environment, motivating students to build on their knowledge and apply a surgical context to their learning.11.
Background
Turkey, with a Muslim population of officially over 99 %, is one of the few secular states in the Muslim world. Although state institutions are not based on Islamic juridical and ethical norms, the latter play a significant role in defining people’s attitudes towards controversial issues in the modern world, especially when backed by opinions of Muslim scholars living in Turkey. Accordingly, opinions of Muslim scholars undoubtedly have an important effect on bioethical decisions made by institutions and individuals.Objective(s)
To explore the ethical positions of Muslim scholars living in Turkey and their arguments used in the ethical assessment of embryonic stem cell research; to discuss the biological-moral tensions arising in medical research on human embryos.Design
Qualitative study.Setting
Muslim scholars located in different parts of Turkey.Methods
Qualitative method, involving the collection of opinions of various scholars, by means of 15 individual semi-structured interviews, evaluated using thematic qualitative analysis.Results
Positions regarding embryonic stem cell research differ among Muslim scholars in Turkey. On the other hand, even where positions are similar, they are often supported by different arguments.Conclusion
Despite the heterogeneity of the arguments presented, the dominant position considers embryonic stem cell research as morally acceptable.12.
13.
Aim
To investigate if trapezius muscle activity increases over time during visually demanding near work.Methods
The vision task consisted of sustained focusing on a contrast-varying black and white Gabor grating. Sixty-six participants with a median age of 38 (range 19–47) fixated the grating from a distance of 65 cm (1.5 D) during four counterbalanced 7-min periods: binocularly through ?3.5 D lenses, and monocularly through ?3.5 D, 0 D and +3.5 D. Accommodation, heart rate variability and trapezius muscle activity were recorded in parallel.Results
General estimating equation analyses showed that trapezius muscle activity increased significantly over time in all four lens conditions. A concurrent effect of accommodation response on trapezius muscle activity was observed with the minus lenses irrespective of whether incongruence between accommodation and convergence was present or not.Conclusions
Trapezius muscle activity increased significantly over time during the near work task. The increase in muscle activity over time may be caused by an increased need of mental effort and visual attention to maintain performance during the visual tasks to counteract mental fatigue.14.
Objective
RBL-2H3 cells express Toll-like receptors, including TLR4. This study aims to assess various aspects of the TLR4 pathway.Methods
RBL-2H3 cells were indirectly stained for cell surface TLR4, 25 CD14 and intracellular MyD88 proteins and analysed through flow cytometry for single-colour staining.Results
While TLR4-receptors are expressed in RBL-2H3 cells, associated elements involved in the signaling pathway, CD14 and MyD88, are not.Conclusion
Care should be taken if RBL-2H3 cells are used to study aspects of the innate immune system in mast cells.15.
Background
The ability to give and receive feedback effectively is a key skill for doctors, aids learning between all levels of the medical hierarchy, and provides a basis for reflective practice and life-long learning. How best to teach this skill?Discussion
We suggest that a single "teaching the skill of feedback" session provides superficial and ineffective learning in a medical culture that often uses feedback skills poorly or discourages feedback. Our experience suggests that both the skill and the underlying attitude informing its application must be addressed, and is best done so longitudinally and reiteratively using different forms of feedback delivery. These feedback learning opportunities include written and oral, peer to peer and cross-hierarchy, public and private, thereby addressing different cognitive processes and attitudinal difficulties.Summary
We conclude by asking whether it is possible to build a consensus approach to a framework for teaching and learning feedback skills?16.
Maria Pia Bondioni Vassilios Lougaris Giuseppe Di Gaetano Tiziana Lorenzini Annarosa Soresina Francesco Laffranchi Diego Gatta Alessandro Plebani 《Journal of clinical immunology》2017,37(1):36-41
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of early detection of pulmonary fungal infections by lung CT scan in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).Methods
A retrospective study on 14 patients affected with CGD for a total of 18 infectious episodes was performed. Revision of clinical data and CT scan analysis before and after treatment was performed.Results
The presence of lung nodules <30 mm was evaluated in 18 infectious episodes in 14 patients. A total of 125 nodules in 18 CT scans were identified. Identification of the infectious agent through biopsy and in vitro culture resulted positive only in 3/18 cases. The remaining cases received clinical/radiologic diagnosis of suspected pulmonary fungal infection. In all cases, the introduction of empirical antifungal treatment resulted in reduction in size or complete resolution of the pulmonary lung nodules in all patients affected with CGD.Conclusions
Lung CT scan allows for early detection of pulmonary fungal infection in CGD. Pulmonary nodules (<30 mm), single or multiple, uni- or bilateral, with or without a halo sign may represent the first radiologic sign of pulmonary fungal infection in CGD.17.
Maria Lavinia Bartolucci Ida Marini Francesco Bortolotti Daniela Impellizzeri Rosanna Di Paola Giuseppe Bruschetta Rosalia Crupi Marco Portelli Angela Militi Giacomo Oteri Emanuela Esposito Salvatore Cuzzocrea 《Inflammation research》2018,67(10):891-901
Objective and design
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common painful condition in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Joint inflammation is believed to be a chief cause of pain in patients with TMD, through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that induce peripheral sensitization of nerve terminals followed by microglial stimulation.Materials and subject
TMJ was induced in rats with the injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) emulsion into the left TMJ capsule.Treatment
The present study would assess the effects of micronized palmitoylethanolamide (m-PEA) on glial activation and trigeminal hypersensitivity.Methods
Ten mg/kg m-PEA or corresponding vehicle was administered 1 h after CFA and mechanical allodynia and edema were evaluated at 24 and 72 h after CFA injection.Results
CFA-injected animals showed TMJ edema and ipsilateral mechanical allodynia accompanied by a robust growth in GFAP protein-positive satellite glial cells and activation of resident macrophages in the TG. Moreover, m-PEA administration significantly reduced the degree of TMJ damage and pain, macrophage activation in TG and up-regulation of Iba1.Conclusions
The results confirm that m-PEA could represent a novel approach for monitoring pain during trigeminal nerve sensitization.18.
Background
Studies have shown that sleep quality is negatively affected by perfectionism. Moreover, partner- or relationship-oriented perfectionism negatively influences relationship quality.Objective
This paper aims to investigate the association of general perfectionism with sleep quality and relationship quality.Materials and methods
A study assessing perfectionism, sleep quality, and relationship quality was performed via analyzing online questionnaires completed by 489 German adults from the general population.Results
Participants with impaired sleep showed a higher level of maladaptive perfectionism (concern over mistakes and doubts, parental expectations, and criticism) than participants with good sleep, whereby the severity of sleep problems was not determining. Relationship quality is affected by perfectionism. However, this association is mediated by sleep quality.Conclusion
Perfectionism is associated with worse sleep quality but not with worse relationship quality when sleep quality is integrated into the model as a mediator.19.
H. G. Schwelberger 《Inflammation research》2010,59(2):219-221
Objective
To evaluate the evidence regarding the disease concept of histamine intolerance as a state of inadequate histamine inactivation.Methods
Keyword-based systematic screening of the scientific literature and of public websites focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.Results
Histamine intolerance is commonly diagnosed based solely on subjective reporting of symptoms instead of following systematic diagnostic procedures based on objective laboratory and physical parameters. The only effective long-term therapy is avoidance of histamine-containing food.Conclusions
The concept of histamine intolerance as a metabolic disease is in need of more experimental and clinical evidence and affected patients will benefit from a clear, evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic regime.20.