腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术与开腹手术的比较

目的通过比较腹腔镜与开腹广泛子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫,探讨腹腔镜技术在妇科宫颈癌根治术中的可行性及应用价值。方法将2010年6月至2012年10月,于本院就诊的128例宫颈癌患者．在自愿原则下分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,探讨手术获取阴道长度及宫旁长度、淋巴结数、手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、留置尿管时间、盆腔引流液量、体温恢复正常时间、术后住院时间、术中及术后并发症、术后随访等方面的数据差异。结果腹腔镜组与开腹组在数据差异上具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜广泛子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术在治疗早期宫颈癌的疗效上,与开腹手术相当,可作为早期子宫颈癌手术治疗的选择术式之一,值得推广。     

腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫治疗子宫恶性肿瘤11例临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜广泛全子宫切除和盆腹腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤的可行性及临床价值。方法:回顾分析我院行腹腔镜子宫广泛切除和盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗11例经活检证实的早期子宫恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中子宫颈癌8例,子宫内膜癌3例,总结其手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数、手术并发症及近期预后情况。结果:11例均用腹腔镜完成手术,手术时间平均(298.2±40.5)min,术中平均出血(255.5±158.5)ml,平均淋巴结切除(12.3±3.0)枚,术中无脏器损伤,11例术后随访1～13个月,无死亡及复发病例。结论:腹腔镜广泛全子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤安全、可行,有临床应用价值。     

腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌临床效果分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌的临床价值。方法 2010-06—2014-06间共实施47例经腹腔镜(腹腔镜组)和42例开放(开放组)广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。记录2组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数量、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、手术并发症发生率等。结果 腹腔镜组术中出血量、切除的淋巴结数、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间明显优于开放组(P0.05),2组手术时间无显著差异(P0.05)。腹腔镜组平均随访(28.8±6.6)月,并发症发生率为14.9%(7/47),开放组平均随访(26.2±5.8)月,并发症发生率为14.3%(6/42),2组差异无统计学意义。结论 腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌,安全有效,具有创伤小,恢复快等优势。     

PK刀在腹腔镜下早期子宫恶性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨等离子刀(PK刀)在腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤中的应用价值。方法2003年1月~2006年12月,应用PK刀行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗30例经活检证实的早期子宫恶性肿瘤,其中子宫颈癌19例,子宫内膜癌11例。结果30例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无一例中转开腹手术。手术时间(253.2±55.3)min,术中出血量(310.0±147.7)ml,淋巴结切除时间(73.5±23.6)min,淋巴结切除(17.0±6.2)枚,术后肛门排气时间(32.3±11.2)h,术后应用抗生素时间(5.5±1.5)d,术后住院(12±5)d。术中损伤膀胱1例,术后最高体温≥38.5℃3例,尿潴留4例,淋巴囊肿1例。结论PK刀作为兼备切割和止血的腹腔镜手术器械,其止血效果好,创伤小,具有较高的安全性,在子宫恶性肿瘤腹腔镜下行广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结切除术是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜与剖腹手术治疗早期子宫颈癌37例临床分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜手术治疗早期子宫颈癌的价值。　方法　对 18例临床Ⅰb～Ⅱa 期宫颈癌施行腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫术 (腹腔镜组 ) ,其中Ⅰb 期 17例 ,Ⅱa1例。同期 19例早期子宫颈癌行开腹广泛全子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫术 (剖腹组 ) ,比较两种术式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复情况及手术并发症等。　结果　腹腔镜组平均手术时间 (2 72 8min± 80 3min)与开腹组 (2 2 6 5min± 6 6 8min)无明显统计学差异 (t=1 92 1,P =0 0 6 3)。腹腔镜组平均切除淋巴结 15 6± 5 1个 ,开腹组 16 8± 5 7个 ,两组比较差异无显著性 (t=0 6 74 ,P =0 5 0 5 )。腹腔镜组术后肠道功能恢复时间较开腹组明显缩短 (34 2hvs.6 0 7h ,P <0 0 1)。两组均无严重并发症发生。腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率为 33 3% (6 18) ,开腹组为 31 6 % (6 19) ,两组差异无显著性 (P =0 812 )。　结论　腹腔镜与剖腹手术都可作为子宫颈癌根治术的术式之一 ,腹腔镜手术具有创伤小 ,术后恢复快等优点。     

阴式广泛全子宫切除加腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌效果观察

目的探讨阴式广泛全子宫切除加腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌的效果。方法随机将2012-08—2016-01间接受广泛全子宫切除加腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫术的54例早期宫颈癌患者分为2组,各27例。观察组实施阴式联合腹腔镜手术,对照组采用开腹手术。比较2组的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴清扫数目、术后肛门排气时间及住院时间。结果 2组均成功完成手术,术后恢复良好。2组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间及住院时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访1a,2组患者均未出现复发病例。结论对早期宫颈癌患者实施阴式广泛全子宫切除加腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫术,创伤小、术后并发症发生率低,患者恢复快,安全有效。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术行宫颈癌根治术临床效果对比分析

目的比较腹腔镜与常规开腹手术行宫颈癌根治术临床疗效和应用体会。方法将46例早期宫颈癌患者随机分为腹腔镜组(24例)和开腹手术组(22例)。腹腔镜组行腹腔镜下宫颈癌切除,开腹手术组者行传统开腹切除,比较两种术式的手术时间、清扫淋巴结数目、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、尿管拔除时间、输血例数、住院时间及术中术后并发症的发生率。结果腹腔镜组在术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、保留尿管时间、输血例数和住院时间方面指标明显优于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术中膀胱损伤、术后肠梗阻并发症发生率显著低于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组切口全部甲级愈合,开腹手术组有5例乙级愈合。手术时间、清扫淋巴结数目等方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜下实施广泛全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌手术创伤小、术后恢复快、术后并发症少。     

子宫颈癌的微创手术治疗现状与进展

子宫颈癌是最常见的女性生殖器官恶性肿瘤,经腹广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除术一直是治疗早期宫颈癌的标准术式.90年代以来,随着腹腔镜设备的改进,操作技术的不断熟练,以腹腔镜为主的相关微创技术逐渐用于子宫颈癌的治疗,其中腹腔镜下广泛性子宫切除术已逐渐应用于子宫恶性疾病的治疗,具有创伤小、术后康复快及病率低等优点.近年来,许多学者对腹腔镜下子宫颈癌的手术、分期进行了系列研究,初步证实用腹腔镜行广泛子宫切除和盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术效果同开腹手术,腹腔镜下同样能完成子宫颈癌的手术治疗和分期,长期随访结果相当.     

腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜癌17例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗早期子宫内膜癌的手术模式和可行性。方法 参照开腹式手术的手术指征和基本程序,对17例子宫内膜癌的施行腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除加双附件切除术,其中2例加行盆腔淋巴结清扫术。结果 腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除加双侧附件切除15例,平均手术时间为222min,术中平均出血量为306ml;广泛全子宫切除加双侧附件切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫2例,手术时问分别为274min和256min,术中出血量分别为250ml和420ml。14例(73．6％)患术后第3—5天基本恢复日常活动能力。结论 腹腔镜手术治疗早期子宫内膜癌安全、可行,并具有创伤小,恢复快等优点,值得进一步研究。     

腹腔镜淋巴结清扫术在早期妇科肿瘤肥胖患者中的应用

目的:评价腹腔镜广泛子宫切除术加双侧盆腔、腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术治疗妇科恶性肿瘤患者的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2009年6月至2013年9月为20例子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料,观察手术时间、术中出血量、切除淋巴结数量、术后肛门排气时间及术后并发症等指标,并与同期开腹手术进行对比分析。结果:20例腹腔镜手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹。两组手术时间、术中失血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后下床活动时间、切口感染或脂肪液化率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),清扫淋巴结数量、宫旁或阴道切除范围差异无统计学意义(P>0.01)。术后随访2~3年,两组患者均无复发。结论:相较传统开腹手术,腹腔镜手术具有患者创伤小、并发症少、术后康复快等优点,腹腔镜广泛子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗肥胖早期妇科恶性肿瘤患者是安全、可行的。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.