腰-硬联合麻醉剖宫产术后超声引导双侧TAP阻滞的镇痛优势分析

目的：探究超声引导双侧腹横肌平面（TAP）阻滞在腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产术后的镇痛效果。方法：本次研究为前瞻性研究,选取2018年5月-2020年5月在我院行剖宫产手术产妇共计200例为研究对象,采取奇偶数分组法,奇数100例为对照组,偶数100例为观察组,两组产妇均给予腰硬联合麻醉,术后对照组给予静脉自控镇痛,观察组给予静脉自控镇痛联合超声引导双侧TAP阻滞。对两组产妇的术后疼痛程度、舒适度、血清因子、镇痛泵按压次数、并发症及不良反应发生率进行比较。结果：观察组产妇各时点VAS疼痛评分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;各时点BCS评分均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;术后24h,两组产妇血糖、皮质醇、IL-6水平均高于术前,但观察组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;术后72h后,观察组产妇镇痛泵按压次数、不良反应发生率均低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产术后采用静脉自控镇痛联合超声引导双侧腹横肌平面阻滞镇痛效果良好,安全性较高,值得推广应用。     

超声引导下罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞联合静脉自控镇痛在剖宫产术后镇痛效果观察

目的 研究超声引导下罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞联合静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）对剖宫产术后的镇痛效果,为临床提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年6月于海口市第四人民医院在腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产术的80例产妇的临床资料,根据镇痛方法不同分为对照组（40例,进行硬膜外镇痛）和观察组（40例,进行双侧腹横肌平面阻滞联合PCIA）。比较两组产妇术后疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、舒适度、镇静评分、麻醉结果及不良反应发生情况。结果 两组产妇术后24 h、36 h及48 h的VAS评分低于术后2 h(P <0.05);两组产妇各时间点VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组产妇术后舒适度量表（BCS）评分高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组产妇术后Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组产妇术后首次按压镇痛泵时间迟于对照组,术后24 h按压镇痛泵次数、术后24 h按压镇痛泵液用量少于对照组（P <0.05）;观察组产妇不良反应发生率低于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 超声引导下罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞联合静脉自控镇痛...     

后路腰方肌阻滞复合自控静脉镇痛泵用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果观察

目的探讨后路腰方肌阻滞(QLB)复合自控静脉镇痛泵(PCIA)用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法选取2019年1～12月我院拟行剖宫产术的足月单胎产妇80例,随机数字法分为后路组和对照组各40例,两组均行腰硬联合麻醉,后路组术毕行超声引导下双侧后路QLB(每侧注射0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml)+PCIA,对照组单纯给予PCIA。比较两组视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、舒适度、镇静情况、血清泌乳素、5-羟色胺水平,记录两组首次镇痛泵按压时间、24 h内镇痛泵按压次数、镇痛药物用量、镇痛满意度及不良反应发生情况。结果后路组产妇活动状态、静息状态术后2、6、12、24 h VAS评分更低,舒适度评分更高,24 h内镇痛泵按压次数更少,产妇对镇痛满意度更高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12 h,两组5-羟色胺水平均降低,两组泌乳素水平均升高,且后路组术后5-羟色胺、泌乳素水平高于对照组(P0.05)。结论剖宫产术后行后路QLB联合PCIA镇痛满意,产妇舒适度较高。     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞对剖宫产术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞对剖宫产术后镇痛效果的影响。方法选取2014年1月至2016年3月该院接受剖宫产术产妇80例,按照随机数字表法将产妇分为TAP阻滞组(T组)和对照组(C组)。C组采用经静脉患者自控镇痛法进行治疗,T组在C组的基础给予TAP阻滞进行镇痛;手术后,比较2组患者2、4、6、8、12h时静息及运动时视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、舒适度评分(BCS评分)、Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应。结果手术后T组4、6、8、12h静息及运动时VAS评分明显低于C组,术后4、6、8、12h时BCS评分明显高于C组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);T组和C组不同时点Ramasy镇静评分及不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导下TAP阻滞在剖宫产术后镇痛的效果良好,值得推广。     

超声引导腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产术术后镇痛的效果研究

目的：观察超声引导下腹横肌平面（TAP）阻滞用于剖宫产术患者术后镇痛的效果。方法择期腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,分为罗哌卡因组（Ⅰ组）和等量0.9%氯化钠溶液组（Ⅱ组）。手术完成后在超声引导下行双侧TAP阻滞,Ⅰ组每侧注射0.375%罗哌卡因20ml,Ⅱ组每侧注射等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液。术毕所有患者均行经静脉患者自控镇痛（PCIA）。比较两组术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h静态和动态视觉模拟疼痛（VAS）评分,记录两组术后镇痛泵第一次按压时间、24 h镇痛泵按压次数、镇痛满意度、PCIA的用量以及不良反应的发生情况。结果两组术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的静态VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（t分别=1.85、1.96、1.99、1.96、1.63,P均＞0.05）。Ⅰ组术后2 h、6 h、12 h和24 h时点的动态VAS评分明显低于Ⅱ组,差异有统计学意义（t分别=4.46、4.95、5.13、3.08,P均＜0.05）。Ⅰ组术后镇痛泵第一次按压时间比Ⅱ组延迟（t=6.82,P＜0.05）,24 h镇痛泵按压次数比Ⅱ组少（t=6.17,P＜0.05）,镇痛满意度比Ⅱ组高（χ2=4.32,P＜0.05）,术后24 h内PCIA使用量比Ⅱ组更少（t=7.32,P＜0.05）。两组均未见与TAP穿刺相关的并发症,两组术后恶心、呕吐等不良反应发生率的比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2分别=0.23、0.10,P均＞0.05）。结论超声引导下TAP阻滞用于剖宫产术患者的术后镇痛效果好,减少了PCIA的需要量。     

双侧腰方肌神经阻滞联合酒石酸布托菲诺静脉镇痛用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果

目的 探讨双侧腰方肌神经阻滞联合酒石酸布托菲诺静脉镇痛用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法 选择2018年1月至2020年1月郑州市妇幼保健院收治的180例剖宫产手术的产妇为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组90例。观察组产妇使用双侧腰方肌神经阻滞联合酒石酸布托菲诺静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),对照组仅用PCIA。比较两组产妇术后2 h、12 h、24 h疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]、舒适程度[布氏评分(BCS)]差异。比较自术后第1次镇痛泵按压时间及镇痛周期内按泵次数区别。比较术后1周内药物不良反应发生情况。结果 术后2 h、12 h、24 h时,观察组产妇VAS分值均显著低于同一时间对照组,BCS分值均显著高于同一时间对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0. 05)。观察组产妇按压镇痛泵次数显著低于对照组,自术后第1次按压镇痛泵时间明显长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0. 05)。术后1周内两组总用药不良反应发生率比较差异未见统计学差异意义(P 0. 05)。结论 双侧腰方肌神经阻滞联合酒石酸布托菲诺静脉镇痛能有效缓解行剖宫产产妇术后疼痛,安全性高。     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产术后镇痛效果观察

选取2014年8月~2015年8月在我院进行剖宫产手术的118例产妇(ASA I~II),采用随机方法将其平均分为两组,手术结束后实施超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞,观察组每侧分别注射0.375%罗哌卡因25ml,对照组注射等容量的生理盐水。所有产妇术后均使用静脉自控镇痛泵镇痛。对比两组产妇在术后2h、6h、12h、24h视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分,镇痛泵药物使用剂量和镇痛满意度。观察组产妇术后2、6、12、24h VAS评分与对照组产妇相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组产妇在术后静脉镇痛泵药物使用剂量与对照组产妇的相比明显较少,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在剖宫产术后行腹横肌平面阻滞镇痛可以显著降低静脉镇痛药的使用剂量,在镇痛上具有显著的辅助作用。     

超声引导下外侧入路腰方肌阻滞对剖宫产产后镇痛效果和泌乳的影响

目的探讨超声引导下外侧入路腰方肌阻滞对剖宫产产后镇痛效果和泌乳的影响。方法选取剖宫产孕妇120例,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组术后给予超声引导外侧入路腰方肌阻滞+静脉自控镇痛;对照组术后仅行静脉自控镇痛。观察两组术后6 h、12 h、24 h和48 h静息、运动视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和Ramsay镇静评分,以及血清多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和泌乳素的水平变化,并记录各组术后镇痛按压次数、追加镇痛药物量和初乳时间。结果观察组产妇在术后6 h、12 h、24 h和48 h时间点静息和运动VAS评分均低于对照组(t分别=20.82、22.19、19.25、8.91、17.44、17.63、15.13、13.53,P均<0.05)。观察组产妇在术后6 h、12 h、24 h和48 h时间点Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组(t分别=20.10、16.40、27.97、11.07,P均<0.05)。观察组产妇术后自控镇痛按压次数和追加镇痛药物量均低于对照组(t分别=54.51、31.85,P均<0.05)。观察组产妇术后6 h、12 h、24 h和48 h时间点血清多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素均低于对照组(t分别=16.95、24.48、21.03、7.65、5.41、4.47、5.17、5.32、11.52、22.85、25.26、24.06,P均<0.05),观察组产妇术后6 h、12 h、24 h和48 h血清泌乳素水平高于对照组(t分别=14.22、10.53、8.65、10.08,P均<0.05)。观察组产妇初乳时间早于对照组产妇(t=25.65,P<0.05)。结论超声引导下外侧入路腰方肌阻滞可以有效减轻剖宫产术后疼痛,促进泌乳素分泌,缩短初乳时间。     

超声引导腹横肌平面阻滞对腹腔镜胃癌术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞对腹腔镜胃癌术后镇痛效果的影响。方法择期全麻下行腹腔镜胃癌手术的患者40例,随机均分为2组:腹横肌平面阻滞组(T组)和对照组(C组)。T组术毕行超声引导双侧TAP阻滞,注射0.2%罗哌卡因20ml,C组不阻滞;两组均行PCIA,术后2、6、12、24和48h时行疼痛VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分及BCS舒适度评分。记录术后48h内PCIA的按压次数及不良反应的发生情况。结果结果与C组比较,T组术后2、6和12h的VAS评分均明显降低,BCS舒适度评分明显升高(P0.05);术后48h内T组PCIA按压次数少于C组(P0.05)。结论 TAP阻滞联合PCIA用于腹腔镜胃癌术后镇痛是安全有效的。     

超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合腹直肌鞘阻滞用于开腹结直肠癌术镇痛效果观察

目的观察超声引导下行双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合腹直肌后鞘阻滞在开腹结直肠癌手术的镇痛效果及术后康复效果。方法将60例全麻下行开腹结直肠切除术患者用随机数字表法分成试验组(TR组)及对照组(C组)各30例,TR组给予腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)复合腹直肌鞘阻滞(RSB)及常规全身麻醉组,C组为常规全身麻醉组,两组术后均行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。比较两组术中及术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)中舒芬太尼用量、24 h镇痛泵按压次数、术后4、8、16、24、36、48 h静息及运动时视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、肠蠕动肛门排气时间以及早期下床活动时间等早期康复指标。结果与C组比较,TR组术中、术后舒芬太尼用量较少(P<0.05),24 h镇痛泵按压次数少(P<0.01),术后4、8、16 h VAS评分,肠蠕动时间及早期下地时间少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术中收缩压、舒张压、心率、SpO_2均在正常范围,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TR组未见腹横肌平面阻滞穿刺引起的不良反应。结论超声引导下的腹横肌平面阻滞及腹直肌鞘阻滞定位准确,可减少术中及术后镇痛泵舒芬太尼用药量,对开腹结直肠癌手术患者术后镇痛效果好,肠蠕动,肛门排气及早期下床时间缩短,有助于患者早期恢复。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.