HPLC法测定复方唑克擦剂中盐酸克林霉素的含量

目的探讨复方唑克擦剂中盐酸克林霉素的含量测定方法.方法采用HPLC法,C18色谱柱,以磷酸二氢铵溶液(pH3.0)-甲醇(210:300)为流动相,检测波长为214 nm.结果线性范围为0.2～2.0 g·L-1,回归方程y=9.122×105X 3.104×104(r=0.999 9,n=5).回收率为99.8%,RSD=0.56%.分析方法精密度RSD为0.94%(n=5).结论该方法简便、快速、准确.     

旋光法测定地塞米松磷酸钠注射液半成品含量

目的:建立地塞米松磷酸钠注射液半成品含量的快速测定方法.方法:采用旋光度测定法直接测定,并与高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)进行比较.结果:旋光法与HPLC法测定结果基本一致,地塞米松磷酸钠平均回收率为99.96%,RSD为0.167%.结论:旋光度测定法简便、快速、准确.     

高效液相色谱法测定阿替洛尔注射液的含量

目的:建立离子对色谱法测定阿替洛尔注射液的含量.方法:Betasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,10 μm)色谱柱,磷酸氢二钾溶液-甲醇-辛烷磺酸钠(800:200:0.5)为流动相,检测波长:275 nm,流速:1.0 ml·min-1.结果:阿替洛尔在30～105 μg·ml-1浓度范围内.线性关系良好,r=0.999 8.平均回收率为99.8%(RSD=0.6%,n=9).结论:HPLC法简便快速,稳定可靠可作为阿替洛尔注射液的质量控制方法.     

旋光法测定甲磺酸培氟沙星葡萄糖注射液中葡萄糖含量

目的用旋光法测定甲磺酸培氟沙星葡萄糖注射液中葡萄糖含量。方法直接取样测定甲磺酸培氟沙星葡萄糖注射液的旋光度,计算葡萄糖含量。结果葡萄糖质量浓度在0.03～0.07g/mL范围内与旋光度线性关系良好,线性回归方程Y=47.473X＋0.0246,r=0.9998（n=5）;平均回收率为100.28%,RSD为0.51%（n=9）。结论旋光法简便、准确、可靠,可用于甲磺酸培氟沙星葡萄糖注射液的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定复方柳安咖注射液中3组分的含量

目的:建立HPLC法同时测定复方柳安咖注射液中水杨酸钠、安替比林、咖啡因3组分的含量.方法:色谱柱为Diamonsil(TM)C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(含0.12%三乙胺,用氢氧化钠试液调节pH7.0±0.05)-甲醇(69:31).检测波长为273 nm;流速1.0 ml·min-1;柱温:30℃.结果:水杨酸钠在14.18～127.60 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系好(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为99.17%,RSD=0.56%(n=6);安替比林在4.00～36.04 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为101.71%,RSD=0.41%(n=6);咖啡因在2.16～19.48 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系好(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为101.40%,RSD=0.93%(n=6).结论:本方法简便,快速,准确,重现性好,可用于复方柳安咖注射液的质量控制.     

HPLC测定布南色林片的含量

目的采用HPLC测定布南色林片的含量。方法色谱柱为Cosmosil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.02 mol.L-1磷酸氢二钾溶液(90∶10),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为238 nm。结果线性回归方程为:Y=2.374×105X-4.897×104(r=0.9999),线性范围为32～48μg.mL-1,平均回收率为99.06%,RSD=1.57%。结论所用方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可用于布南色林片的含量测定。     

抗肿瘤药物爱拉斯汀含量的高效液相色谱法测定及其方法学研究

目的:建立抗肿瘤药物爱拉斯汀(Erastin)含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法,并考察了其方法学,为其质控标准的建立提供参考。方法:采用HPLC法,以色谱柱为Phenomenex C18柱(250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-超纯水(0.1%乙酸)(B)的等度洗脱,流速为0.1 m L/min,检测波长为278 nm。结果:Erastin浓度在2～100μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,其回归方程A=52 220ρ-1 227.2(r=0.999 5),回收率介于在98.00%~102.00%之间,日内相对RSD小于2%(n=5),日间相对RSD介于1.64%～2.54%之间(n=5),测得平均含量为0.9903 g/g。结论:本法操作简单,准确可靠,可用于测定Erastin的含量。     

旋光法快速测定倍他米松磷酸钠注射液的含量

目的 :建立倍他米松磷酸钠注射液的含量测定方法。方法 :以水为溶剂 ,采用旋光度测定法测定。结果 :倍他米松磷酸钠在 0 .5～ 10 mg/ ml浓度范围内与旋光度值呈良好线性关系 ,回归方程为 :C =10 .8814×α - 0 .0 979( r =0 .9995 ) ,平均回收率 :99.4 % ,RSD=1.0 1%。结论 :该方法简便 ,快速 ,准确。     

旋光法快速测定硫酸吗啡注射液的含量

目的:建立硫酸吗啡注射液的含量测定方法.方法:以水为溶剂,测定旋光度.结果:线性浓度范围为1～40mg/mL,回归方程为C=10.604 5α 0.013 8(r=0.999 5),平均回收率为99.4%,RSD=1.01%(n=5).结论:旋光法简便、快速,结果准确.     

右旋布洛芬分散片的研制与质量控制

目的 制备右旋布洛芬分散片并建立其质量控制方法.方法 以维晶纤维素PH102为可压性辅料,采用粉末直接压片,确定处方组成.实验确定了右旋布洛芬分散片的溶出度测定法,并用高效液相色谱法测定其含量与有关物质,建立右旋布洛芬分散片的质量控制方法.结果 处方设计合理,制备工艺可行.右旋布洛芬分散片的最佳溶出介质为pH 7.20的磷酸盐缓冲液.回归方程A=1 728.9×103C-971.03,线性范围为4×10-3～100×10-3g·L-1(r=1.000 0),含量测定的平均回收率为99.69%,RSD为0.92%(n=9).结论 该品种制备工艺简单,所得制剂质量可控.     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Comparison of in vitro cell models in predicting in vivo brain entry of drugs

Although several in vitro models have been reported to predict the ability of drug candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier, their real in vivo relevance has rarely been evaluated. The present study demonstrates the in vivo relevance of simple unidirectional permeability coefficient (P(app)) determined in three in vitro cell models (BBMEC, Caco-2 and MDCKII-MDR1) for nine model drugs (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, entacapone, tolcapone, baclofen, midazolam and ondansetron) by using dual probe microdialysis in the rat brain and blood as an in vivo measure. There was a clear correlation between the P(app) and the unbound brain/blood ratios determined by in vivo microdialysis (BBMEC r=0.99, Caco-2 r=0.91 and MDCKII-MDR1 r=0.85). Despite of the substantial differences in the absolute in vitro P(app) values and regardless of the method used (side-by-side vs. filter insert system), the capability of the in vitro models to rank order drugs was similar. By this approach, thus, the additional value offered by the true endothelial cell model (BBMEC) remains obscure. The present results also highlight the need of both in vitro as well as in vivo methods in characterization of blood-brain barrier passage of new drug candidates.