腮腺低度恶性筛状囊腺癌3例临床病理分析

目的：探讨涎腺低度恶性筛状囊腺癌( low-grade crib-riform cystadenocarcinoma, LGCCC)的临床病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法对3例LGCCC的形态学和免疫表型进行分析并复习相关文献。结果(1)3例LGC-CC中2例为女性,1例为男性。年龄分别为51、60、65岁,肿物均发生在腮腺。组织学特征与乳腺不典型增生至低级别导管原位癌相似,由多个囊及邻近的导管内增生构成,囊内及导管内增生的导管上皮呈筛状、微乳头状和实性结构。(2)免疫表型：肿瘤细胞CK(AE1/AE3)、S-100均弥漫阳性, CEA、EMA部分腔内细胞阳性;癌巢周围细胞示肌上皮标志物如 p63、SMA、Calponin、CK5/6呈连续的阳性。结论LGCCC临床罕见,确诊需依靠病理学及免疫组化检查,应注意与其它良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断。     

气管腺样囊性癌3例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨气管腺样囊性癌的病理临床特征,以提高对肿瘤的认识.方法 对3例气管腺样囊性癌进行临床及组织学观察,并用免疫组化方法研究肿瘤的免疫表型.结果 气管腺样囊性癌主要发生于气管支气管,呈浸润性生长,临床症状无特征;组织学上呈筛状、管状和实性生长方式;肿瘤导管上皮表达EMA和CK8,基底细胞表达p63和SMA,肿瘤细胞还表达CD117、S-100和NSE;肿瘤发展缓慢,长期预后不佳.结论 气管腺样囊性癌是一种少见肿瘤,组织学形态、免疫组化染色及特染有助于气管腺样囊性癌的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

肝脏黏液性囊性肿瘤2例

肝脏黏液性肿瘤是一种囊性、上皮性肿瘤, 罕见, 每年每20万～100万人中发生1例, 占肝脏囊肿约5%, 几乎只发生于女性, 发病年龄28～76岁, 完全切除后, 预后良好。我们报道2例肝脏黏液性囊性肿瘤, 总结临床特征, 探讨鉴别诊断要点。2例患者均为女性, 年龄分别为32和64岁, 均予手术切除。组织学呈囊性结构, 囊壁衬覆黏液上皮, 呈单层柱状、立方或扁平状, 上皮下为卵巢样间质, 手术切除预后良好。     

涎腺导管癌5例临床病理分析

目的 探讨涎腺导管癌(salivary duct carcinoma,SDC)的临床病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗及其预后.方法 回顾性分析5例 SDC 的临床资料、病理学形态和免疫组织化学标记结果.结果 (1)SDC好发于老年男性,平均发病年龄64.6岁,主要见于腮腺,生长迅速,易侵犯神经,常发生转移.(2)组织学特点与乳腺导管癌极为相似.肿瘤细胞向导管内生长,形成乳头状、筛孔状、实性等多种结构,并可形成粉刺样坏死,肿瘤向周围组织浸润生长是其显著特征.(3)免疫组化结果显示肿瘤细胞CK、EMA、CEA、GCDFP-15、c-erbB-2、p53均阳性,Ki-67增殖指数较高,ER、PR在部分病例呈散在阳性表达,而PSA、CD117、p63、S-100、CD10、GFAP均阴性.(4)随访资料显示SDC具有较差的预后.该组5例中,3例复发,1例转移.结论 SDC是一种高度恶性的涎腺肿瘤,组织形态类似乳腺导管癌.对该肿瘤确诊主要依赖于病理形态特征与免疫组化结果相结合,且需要和其他肿瘤如低度恶性筛状囊腺癌、黏液表皮样癌、实性腺样囊性癌、腺泡细胞癌、乳头状囊腺癌、多形性低度恶性腺癌、上皮-肌上皮癌等鉴别.     

头皮鳞样小汗腺导管癌临床病理学分析

目的探讨头皮鳞样小汗腺导管癌的临床病理和免疫表型特征及诊断与鉴别诊断。方法通过HE及免疫组化染色观察1例鳞样小汗腺导管癌,并结合文献讨论。结果肿瘤位于头皮,实性真皮结节,组织学表现为小汗腺分化合并鳞状上皮成分,后者呈显著的不典型增生伴角质囊肿形成和鳞状旋涡。免疫表型：CK7、GCDFP-15阳性,34βE12、CD10阴性。结论鳞样小汗腺导管癌是一种非常罕见的低度恶性肿瘤,局部切除后可复发,未见转移报道。组织学上主要应与具有鳞状上皮或导管分化的皮肤附属器肿瘤相鉴别。肿瘤广泛切除是首选治疗方法。     

肾脏混合性上皮间质肿瘤

目的探讨肾脏混合性上皮间质肿瘤的临床病理特征。方法观察4例肾脏混合性上皮间质肿瘤的临床资料、镜下及免疫组织化学特点。结果患者3例女性,1例男性。临床表现主要为腰部不适和血尿,影像学检查示肾脏囊实性占位性病变。病理检查：肉眼肿瘤呈囊实性结构,镜下肿瘤由上皮和间质成分共同构成。上皮细胞可呈立方状、柱状、鞋钉样;其中1例上皮成分呈苗勒管上皮分化和肠上皮分化。间质成分为梭形细胞,并可见特征性呈束状分布的平滑肌组织和厚壁血管。免疫组织化学：上皮细胞AE1／AE3阳性,间质细胞雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、平滑肌肌动蛋白（SMA）阳性。患者行肾切除术,术后随访未见复发。结论肾脏混合性上皮间质肿瘤为具有独特组织病理学特点的良性肿瘤,需要和肾脏其他良恶性肿瘤鉴别。     

肾混合性上皮和间质肿瘤1例临床病理分析

目的探讨具有恶性形态、复发或转移行为的肾混合性上皮和间质肿瘤(mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney, MESTK)的临床病理学特征。方法回顾性分析1例复发性MESTK的临床病理及免疫表型特征,并复习相关文献。结果送检肾及周围组织一个,肿瘤大小8 cm×5 cm×2 cm,质软,切面囊实性,部分区似灰红色息肉样物。镜下见肿瘤为囊、实性区域构成,可见大小不等的囊腔,囊壁被覆立方、柱状及复层上皮,部分上皮下见子宫内膜间质样组织,部分区上皮似成釉上皮样、条索状;实性区主要为梭形间质成分,其中可见纤维、平滑肌及少许内膜间质样组织,局灶间质水肿;上皮和间质细胞均未见明显异型性及核分裂象。免疫表型:肿瘤上皮区CK(AE1/AE3)阳性,间质vimentin、SMA、desmin、ER和PR均阳性,Ki-67增殖指数约5%。结论具有恶性形态、复发或转移行为的MESTK十分罕见,熟悉其临床病理特征对该病的临床诊断、治疗及预后评估均具有重要意义。     

乳腺腺样囊性癌18例临床病理分析

目的探讨乳腺腺样囊性癌(adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast,ACC)的临床病理特征、免疫表型及其鉴别诊断。方法复习18例ACC的临床病理资料,观察肿瘤的组织形态学及免疫表型特点。同时对患者进行随访获取预后信息。结果 18例ACC患者均为女性,年龄29～80岁。肿瘤大体上多界限清楚,镜下呈浸润性生长,主要由筛状、管状-梁索状、实体和微囊结构组成。肿瘤成分包括腺上皮、肌上皮、基底样细胞和细胞外基质。肿瘤的腺上皮成分表达CK7、CK5/6和CD117,肌上皮成分表达SMA和p63,基底样细胞不同程度表达CK5/6、p63和CD117。随访期内有2例患者肿瘤局部复发,无患者死亡。结论 ACC是一组具有形态学异质性的肿瘤,其腺上皮、肌上皮和基底样细胞成分的免疫表型各有特点,联合运用CK7、CK5/6、p63、SMA和CD117有助于诊断与鉴别诊断。ACC预后良好,具有基底样特征的实体型ACC可能是侵袭性更强的组织学亚型。     

乳腺黏液囊肿样病变

目的 :研究乳腺黏液囊肿样病变 (MLL)的临床病理特征。方法 :观察 4例乳腺黏液囊肿样病变的临床病理表现 ,并系统复习文献 ,讨论其病理诊断及鉴别诊断。结果 :4例均为女性 ,镜下共同特点为多个高度扩张的囊腔 ,其内充满黏液 ,囊腔内衬扁平或立方上皮 ,部分区域腺上皮增生呈乳头状 ,囊内黏液可溢入间质 ,其中 1例伴黏液腺癌。结论 :MLL为一种连续的病变过程 ,可伴发导管上皮不典型增生、原位癌甚至黏液腺癌 ,诊断时应慎重     

乳腺包裹性乳头状癌3例临床病理分析并文献复习

目的探讨乳腺包裹性乳头状癌(encapsulated papillary carcinoma,EPC)的临床病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断。方法收集3例乳腺EPC的临床病理资料,分析其临床病理组织学特征及免疫表型,并复习相关文献总结该肿瘤的临床病理学特征。结果 3例均为绝经后女性,年龄62~75岁,平均67岁,临床以乳腺肿块就诊。肿块均为单发,呈囊实性结节,边界清楚,有厚囊壁,内附细颗粒样或小乳头样物。该肿瘤的组织形态学以厚纤维囊壁、缺乏肌上皮的纤细乳头状结构为主要成分,在不同区域乳头分支呈筛状或实体状。肿瘤性乳头轴心及周缘的肌上皮细胞缺失是其主要形态特征。肿瘤细胞ER均强阳性,HER-2呈弱阳性,PR 2例呈阳性、1例呈阴性,Calponin、CK5/6、p63染色示肌上皮细胞在肿瘤的乳头轴心及周缘均完全缺失,肿瘤细胞Ki-67增殖指数为5%~10%。结论 EPC属于厚的纤维囊壁且囊壁肌上皮缺乏特殊亚型浸润性癌,预后较好,临床治疗与导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)标准类似。     

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the salivary gland: a lesion that may be associated with dysplasia and carcinoma in situ

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis is a recently described, extremely rare, reactive sclerosing inflammatory process somewhat similar to adenosis tumor of the breast. To date, 31 cases have been described in the literature. Twenty-seven tumors involved the parotid gland, two involved the submandibular gland, and two arose within the oral cavity in minor salivary gland sites. Patients ranged in age from 9 to 80 years, with an approximate 2.5:1 female-to-male incidence. Primary tumors range in size from 1 to 7 cm in greatest dimension, are typically unencapsulated, and are composed of densely sclerotic lobules with prominent cystic change. Hyperplasia of ductal and acinar elements and areas of apocrine-like metaplasia are typical. Foci with dysplasia of ductal epithelium ranging from mild dysplasia to occasional cases with carcinoma in situ are moderately frequent. Invasive carcinoma has not been reported in these patients. Tumors in 5 (29%) of the 16 patients with follow-up have recurred. To date, no patients have developed metastases or have died from disease.     

Juvenile sclerosing polycystic adenosis cytologically mimicking Warthin tumor

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a rare salivary gland disease. Histologically it resembles a low‐grade ductal carcinoma in situ or sclerosing adenosis of the breast, characterized by lobular proliferation of ducts with apocrine cellular features surrounded by fibrosclerotic stroma. Although SPA is typically benign, recurrence is not uncommon, and cases with a malignant component have been documented. Thus, complete excision is desirable but preoperative diagnosis is challenging. A 12‐year‐old boy presented with a painless mass in the right neck. We identified a well‐demarcated mass in the right parotid region measuring approximately 2 cm using cervical echography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) revealed two cell types. There were loosely cohesive clusters of polymorphic epithelioid cells with irregular nuclei and abundant vacuolated cytoplasm containing zymogen granules. Some of these cells were binuclear. The other cell types represented normal ductal cells. The original cytological diagnosis was Warthin tumor. Right parotidectomy was performed. Histologically, we observed proliferation of ducts with granular, vacuolated, zymogen granules, and apocrine‐like features in the cytoplasm with hyalinizing sclerotic stroma and some binuclear cells. Four years after parotidectomy, there has been no recurrence or malignant transformation.Cytological diagnosis of SPA is challenging on FNA specimens since SPA is a very rare entity of the salivary gland that can mimic other salivary gland neoplasms. A mixture of apocrine‐like cells and sebaceous‐like cells, nuclear pleomorphism, and zymogen granules can help to diagnose this rare lesion during the initial cytological diagnosis.     

Pure intraductal carcinoma of the parotid gland: Cytologic findings on FNA sample. Report of one case

One case of intraductal carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 67‐year‐old male patient is here introduced. The patient, who had a one‐year history of a parotid mass, had undergone ultrasound and MRI examination that disclosed a 13x4x3 mm well delimited nodular mass of the accessory lobe of his left parotid gland. Ultrasound‐guided Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) had been performed by the clinician. The obtained smears showed widespread cellular necrosis in which cellular clusters with moderate and focally severe atypias displayed papillary and cribriform architecture and were admixed with sheets of epithelial cells with less striking nuclear atypias, squamous, or apocrine metaplasia. Histopathological examination disclosed a pure intraductal carcinoma of the parotid gland with classical morphology, which was radically excised. The differential cytological diagnosis of pure intraductal carcinoma of salivary glands may be difficult and comprises mucoepidermoid carcinoma as well as “in situ” carcinomas developping in the context of sclerosing polycystic adenosis, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the salivary glands and cystic variants of salivary adenocarcinoma NOS (formerly called cystadenocarcinomas).     

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the parotid gland: Report of one case diagnosed by fine‐needle cytology with in situ malignant transformation

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a rare pathological condition affecting the salivary glands, first described by Smith etal. in 1996. Even though this lesion is being increasingly diagnosed, less than 50 cases have been published in the world literature to date. In line with numerous other pathological analogies between breast and salivary gland lesions, SPA shares with fibrocystic disease of the breast many histopathological features, i.e., fibrosis, oncocytic (apocrine) changes, hyperplasia of ductal and acinar epithelium, cystic dilation of ducts, and, often, atypical epithelial changes. Most of the described cases have followed a benign clinical course, despite the frequent possibility of atypical hyperplasia in more than 50% of the cases and of the more than occasional in situ malignant transformation. In this article, we introduce a new case occurring in the parotid gland of a 57‐year‐old male showing atypical epithelial hyperplasia and low‐grade in situ mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Fine‐needle cytology (FNC) was performed on the lesion and, when a diagnosis of SPA was prospected, the variegated cytological features of the obtained sample posed several differential diagnostic problems. The spectrum of pathological lesions entering differential diagnosis comprised sebaceous adenoma, Warthin's tumors with presence of sebaceous remnants, and low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Histopathological examination disclosed SCA with intraductal neoplastic transformation resembling noninvasive low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The cytological diagnosis of SPA should be entertained whenever a polymorphous picture is found on FNC samples comprising oncocytic/apocrine changes, sebaceous cells, cystic background, and epithelial hyperplasia with low‐grade cytological atypias. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Cystic lesions of the salivary glands: cytologic features in fine-needle aspiration biopsies

A variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of the salivary glands have a predominantly cystic architecture. Fine-needle aspirates of these lesions yield watery or mucoid material, frequently of low cellularity. Such aspirates may be obtained from mucus retention cysts, lymphoepithelial cysts, cystadenomas, Warthin's tumors, cystic pleomorphic adenomas, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas, cystadenocarcinomas, and examples of polycystic disease of the parotid gland. The cellular component within the fluid obtained from these lesions may be exceedingly scant or absent, making cytologic diagnosis difficult and, at times, impossible. We studied a series of 56 cystic lesions of the salivary glands, including 38 Warthin's tumors, 6 benign cysts, 2 lymphoepithelial cysts, 5 low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 1 cystic pleomorphic adenoma, 2 cystadenomas, and 2 cystadenocarcinomas. Careful attention to the cellular elements present often allowed definitive cytologic diagnosis, with an overall accuracy rate of 84%. The presence of atypical squamous metaplasia in oncocytic lesions was a significant cause of false-positive diagnoses of carcinoma (4 cases, 7%). Aspirates of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma may contain no epithelial cells and result in false-negative diagnoses (1 case, 2%).     

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of parotid gland with dysplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ

We describe three cases of sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) of the parotid gland, a salivary condition analogous to fibrocystic disease of the breast. For the first time, immunoreactivity for oestrogen and progesterone receptors was demonstrated, suggesting a possible participation of hormone stimulation in its pathogenesis. In addition, all our cases showed foci of dysplasia of the ductal epithelium, which in one case was severe enough to amount to carcinoma in situ. This feature that has not previously been reported in SPA.     

Intercalated duct hyperplasia: possible relationship to epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and hybrid tumours of salivary gland

AIMS: The aims of this study were to ascertain the incidence of intercalated duct hyperplasia in association with cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), and to explore a possible relationship between them and hybrid carcinomas of salivary glands. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seven cases of EMC with sufficient surrounding non-tumour parotid were examined. Three cases contained foci of intercalated duct hyperplasia adjacent to the tumour. One of the cases was a hybrid tumour composed of EMC and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The hyperplastic intercalated ducts formed multiple foci within the salivary parenchyma and were composed of bland, uniform ducts. Cytological atypia was not identified. CONCLUSIONS: Intercalated duct hyperplasia may be a precursor lesion to EMC. Furthermore, it may also explain why EMC is frequently associated with other salivary gland carcinomas, so-called hybrid tumours, as well as sharing histological features with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Recognition of the latter is of particular importance because adenoid cystic carcinoma carries a poor prognosis.     

乳腺放射状硬化性病变的病理形态学观察

目的 探讨乳腺放射状硬化性病变的组织病理特点和鉴别诊断.方法 收集44例乳腺放射状硬化性病变,进行组织形态学和免疫组织化学SP法或EnVision二步法染色观察.结果 44例均发生在女性,年龄17～54岁(平均40.3岁).31例会诊者中13例误诊为癌.镜下病变呈放射状,中央为纤维瘢痕区,其内常有受压变形的腺管,周围有放射状分布的扩张腺管及不同程度增生的导管和小叶,可伴大汗腺、柱状细胞化生增生,其中14例见坏死,8例伴不典型导管增生.免疫组织化学染色显示纤维瘢痕组织内假浸润的变形腺管周围有肌上皮,旺炽性增生的上皮呈CK5/6阳性.结论 乳腺放射状硬化性病变有特殊的形态特点,易误诊为癌,需与导管内癌、小叶性肿瘤、小管癌、浸润性导管癌鉴别.     

Polycystic disease of the parotid glands: case report of a rare entity and review of the literature

We report a case of polycystic disease of the parotid glands. This is a rare disorder and we know of only two previous documented cases in the literature. The disease presents with painless enlargement of one or both parotid glands and is not associated with any clinical abnormality of salivation or with any apparent anomaly of the other salivary glands. Histologically, the overall glandular architecture is preserved but the lobules are all markedly distended by epithelial-lined cysts, which appear to be derived from the intercalated ducts. Characteristic congophilic laminated spheroliths are present within the cystic spaces. The condition must be differentiated from cystic neoplasms, particularly papillary cystic adenocarcinoma, and from various non-neoplastic disorders including sialectasia, retention cysts and lymphoepithelial cysts.     

43例腮腺Warthin 瘤的细针穿刺细胞学分析

目的：探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的细针穿刺细胞学特点。方法：收集并复习43例腮腺腺淋巴瘤，每例均备有巴氏染色、HE染色涂片及细胞块。结果：43例均发现嗜酸性细胞及淋巴细胞，40例发现细胞碎屑，9例发现带有淋巴间质的嗜酸性细胞乳状结构，35例发现巨噬细胞，5例出现鳞状上皮化生，3例发现肥大细胞。结论：腺淋巴瘤是腮腺的常见肿瘤，细针穿刺一般可以作出准确诊断，但应注意与多形性腺瘤、腺样囊腺癌、腺泡细胞癌、慢性腮腺炎、淋巴上皮囊肿、鳞癌鉴别。