囊肿切除胆道重建治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

近年来,临床上多主张施行囊肿切除、肝总管—空肠Roux—Y式吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿。我们在施行胆总管横断胆肠吻合时受到启发,将胆总管囊肿横行切断分为两部分,分别切除后再行肝总管空肠吻合。现已采用此术式治疗先天性胆总管囊肿     

先天性胆管扩张症40例治疗体会

1985年8月至2004年12月，我们共收治小儿先天性胆管扩张症患者40例，其中39例采用囊肿切除肝总管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合术治疗，疗效满意。现报告如下。     

先天性胆管扩张症58例诊治分析

目的探讨先天性胆管扩张症的有效诊治方法。方法对58例先天性胆管扩张症患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果58例中TodaniⅠ型50例、Ⅱ型1例、Ⅳ型5例、Ⅴ型2例。术前B超检查确诊率为94％,磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）、CT或内窥镜逆行性胰胆管造影（ERCP）检查均明确诊断。术前或术中胆管影像学检查显示胰胆管结合部扩张32例,其中29例胰胆管合流异常。52例无癌变病例,行囊肿切除、胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术48例,囊肿外引流术、囊肿切除联合胆总管T管引流术、左肝外叶切除联合胆总管T管引流术、左半肝切除联合胆总管T管引流术各1例。6例癌变病例,行胰十二指肠切除术4例,囊肿切除、胆管空肠Roux-cn-Y吻合术2例。近期和远期并发症发生率分别为8．1％、9．6％,疗效优良者49例。结论ERCP或MRCP检查有助于先天性胆管扩张症的确诊、分型,并可指导手术;囊肿切除、胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是本病主要的手术方式,肝叶切除适用于局限于一侧肝叶的Caroli病（Ⅴ型）;对于合并癌变者,应积极争取行根治性手术。     

开腹手术与腹腔镜手术治疗先天性胆管扩张症的疗效对比

目的比较开腹手术和腹腔镜手术治疗成人先天性胆管扩张的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2011年2月-2013年2月在湖北省公安县人民医院治疗的37例先天性胆管扩张症患者的临床资料。37例患者均进行胆管囊肿切除和肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术,观察组为20例完全腹腔镜下手术患者,对照组为17例行传统开放手术患者。比较两组患者的平均手术时间、术中平均失血量、术后平均住院时间、术后平均排气时间、术后并发症。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验。结果观察组的手术时间明显长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但是观察组的术中平均失血量、术后平均住院时间、术后平均排气时间均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。另外,两组患者手术后并发症组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与传统手术进行比较,在完全腹腔镜下对成人先天性胆管扩张患者进行胆管囊肿切除和肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术,具有创伤小、安全性更高、恢复更快等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

高位胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后吻合口狭窄再手术15例诊疗体会

目的探讨高位胆管空肠Roux—en-Y吻合术后吻合口狭窄行吻合口重建的手术方法。方法回顾性分析2007年2月至2011年11月间的15例因高位胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后吻合口狭窄再手术的患者临床资料。结果 15例全部行吻合口重建,术中切除原胆肠吻合口行规范的肝门胆管空肠吻合7例,行肝总管空肠吻合6例,1例切除肝方叶后行左右肝管空肠吻合,左肝外叶切除3例;15例随访时间平均33.2月,术后胆漏1例,3例有胆管炎表现。结论打开肝门板显露胆管汇合处是高位胆管-空肠吻合得以重建的关键;再手术时需采用个体化的手术方案。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的治疗体会

1992～2004年。我们采取胆囊切除 囊肿切除 肝总管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合矩形瓣防反流术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿(CCC)27例，取得了良好效果。现报告如下。     

41例伴肝功能受损的先天性胆总管囊肿手术前后肝功能变化及术式分析

目的探讨先天性胆总管囊肿的临床手术方法对肝功能改善的作用及其长期疗效的分析。方法回顾性研究2009年9月至2013年12月手术治疗的先天性胆总管囊肿患者41例,其中男性23例,女性18例,年龄1.5~14岁。所有病例均经影像学确诊后行囊肿及胆囊切除、肝总管-空肠Roux-Y吻合术。术前、术后1周分别测定血清肝功能指标[TBil、直接胆红素(DBil)、ALT、AST]进行比较。结果 41例患者术前检测TBil和DBil,其中27例术前高于正常值,其术后TBil和DBil值较术前显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);另外14例在正常参考值范围内,其术后TBil和DBil值较术前差异无显著性(P0.01);两者术前ALT和AST指标均高于正常值,且术后均明显下降,术前术后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。长期随访37例预后良好。2例患者术后肝胆管结石伴胆管炎,两次手术经原吻合口处切开取石后缓解。其中1例伴有左肝外叶纤维化,予切除部分左肝。2例患者在术后早期出现了并发症,1例出现急性胰腺炎,1例出现肠黏连肠梗阻,经保守治疗后均缓解。结论囊肿及胆囊切除、肝总管-空肠Roux-Y吻合术,是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的最佳手术方法。     

先天性胆总管扩张症38例分析

目的 研究胆总管扩张症的正确诊断与治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1985年1月至2004年1月我科手术治疗的38例先天性胆总管扩张症患者的资料，术后平均随访50个月。结果 行胆总管十二指肠吻合术2例，胆总管空肠Roux—Y吻合术9例，行胆总管扩张部切除加肝总管空肠Roux—Y吻合术27例；术后胆瘘3例，胰瘘并腹腔出血各1例，无手术死亡。结论 胆总管扩张部切除加胆肠Roux—Y吻合是本病的主要治疗方法，疗效好，局限性肝内胆管扩张可行部分肝叶切除术。     

胆总管囊肿16例

目的:探讨胆总管囊肿的手术治疗方式.方法:总结1990-2000年手术治疗胆总管囊肿16例.囊肿全切除11例,部分切除5例,胆道重建13例肝总管空肠POUX-Y场合,3例行间置短段空肠代胆道.结果:16例全部治愈,13例无并发病,2例吻合口瘘,1例切口感染.结论:胆总管囊肿是一种先天性胆道疾病,任何年龄均可发病,诊断首选B超及MRCP.手术方式以囊肿切除,肝总管空肠POUX-Y吻合重建胆道最适宜,手术操作简便,效果良好.     

完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术和不同胆道重建术临床效果研究

目的 分析比较完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术联合不同胆道重建术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿(CCC)患者的临床效果。方法 2016年1月～2020年5月我院诊治的81例CCC患儿,接受腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术,在胆管重建时,其中28例(A组)接受肝管十二指肠吻合术(HA),30例(B组)接受肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术(RH),23例(C组)接受改良胆管袢式吻合术(MCL)。结果 在术后3个月,C组临床显效率为69.6%,显著高于A组的35.7%或B组的43.3%(P<0.05);在术后3 d, C组血清CRP水平为(12.9±2.4)mg/L,显著低于A组【(14.6±2.9)mg/L,P<0.05】或B组【(16.7±2.8)mg/L,P<0.05】;术后,三组胆漏、胰漏、胆道出血、急性胆管炎和腹腔积液等并发症发生率分别为21.4%、16.7%和8.7%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 采用MCL吻合术治疗CCC患者总体临床疗效优于HA吻合术或RH吻合术,在手术过程中不游离空肠,可完全于腹腔镜下实施操作,创面小,能显著缩短手术时长,有利于肠蠕动恢复,减轻炎症反应,...     

Diagnosis and treatment of congenital choledochal cyst: 20 years' experience in China

AIM To summarize the experience of diagnosis andtreatment of congenital choledochal cyst in the past 20years(1980-2000).METHODS The clinical data of 108 patients admitted from1980 to 2000 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Abdominal pain,jaundice and abdominal masswere presented in most child cases.Clinical symptoms inadult cases were non-specific,resulting in delayeddiagnosis frequently.Fifty-seven patients(52.7%)hadcoexistent pancreatiobiliary disease.Carcinoma of thebillary duct occurred in 18 patients(16.6%).Ultrasonicexamination was undertaken in 94 cases,ERCP performedin 46 cases and CT in 71 cases.All of the cases werecorrectly diagnosed before operation.Abnormalpancreatobiliary duct junction was found in 39 patients.Before 1985 the diagnosis and classification of congenitalcholedochal cyst were established by ultrasonographypreoperatively and confirmed during operation,the mainprocedures were internal drainage by cyst enterostomy.After 1985,the diagnosis was established by ERCP andCT,and cystectomy with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomywas the conventional procedures.In 1994,we reported anew and simplified operative procedure in order to reducethe risk of choledochal cyst malignancy.Postoperativecomplication was mainly retrograde infection of biliarytract,which could be controlled by the administration ofantibiotics,there was no perioperative mortality.CONCLUSION The concept in diagnosis and treatment ofcongenital choledochal cyst has obviously been changedgreatly.CT and ERCP were of great help in theclassification of the disease.Currently,cystectomy withRoux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is strongly recommendedas the choice for patients with type Ⅰ and type Ⅳ cysts.Piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation is indicated intype Ⅴ cysts(Caroli's disease)with frequently recurrentcholangitis.     

Surgical management in biliary restricture after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for bile duct injury

AIM: To discuss the surgical method and skill of biliary restricture after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for bile duct injury. METHODS: From November 2005 to December 2006, eight patients with biliary restricture after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for bile duct injury were admitted to our hospital. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Bile duct injury was caused by cholecys- tectomy in the eight cases, including seven cases with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and one with mini- incision choleystectomy. According to the classification of Strasberg, type E1 injury was found in one patient, type E2 injury in three, type E3 injury in two and type E4 injury in two patients. Both of the type E4 injury patients also had a vascular lesion of the hepatic artery. Six patients received Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for the second time, and one of them who had type E4 injury with the right hepatic artery disruption received right hepatectomy afterward. One patient who had type E4 injury with the proper hepatic artery lesion underwent liver transplantation, and the remaining one with type E3 injury received external biliary drainage. All the patients recovered fairly well postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is still the main approach for such failed surgical cases with bile duct injury. Special attention should be paid to concomitant vascular injury in these cases. The optimal timing and meticulous and excellent skills are essential to the success in this surgery.     

A case of carcinoma arising in the intrapancreatic terminal choledochus 12 years after primary excision of a giant choledochal cyst

A 27-yr-old woman with carcinoma developing in the intrapancreatic terminal choledochus 12 yr after the initial excision of giant choledochal cyst with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is reported. Despite the generally accepted concept that the presence of bile is associated with malignancy in the remnant biliary ducts after excision of a choledochal cyst, this is the first report of a malignant growth developing in the terminal choledochus which had been free from the bile exposure long after the excision of the choledochal cyst. Long-term follow-up of the patient is advisable even after operation for primary resection of the choledochal cyst.     

Duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction after radical resection of Bismuth Ⅲ a hilar cholangiocarcinoma

At present, radical resection remains the only effective treatment for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The surgical approach for R0 resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is complex and diverse, but for the biliary reconstruction after resection, almost all surgeons use Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. A viable alternative to Roux-en-Y reconstruction after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has not yet been proposed. We report a case of performing duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction after radical resection of Bismuth Ⅲa hilar cholangiocarcinoma. End-to-end anastomosis between the left hepatic duct and the distal common bile duct was used for the biliary reconstruction, and a singlelayer continuous suture was performed along the bile duct using 5-0 prolene. The patient was discharged favorably without biliary fistula 2 wk later. Evidence for tumor recurrence was not found after an 18 mo follow- up. Performing bile duct end-to-end anastomosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma can simplify the complex digestive tract reconstruction process.     

The Roux-en-Y procedure in congenital hepato-biliary disorders

BACKGROUND: The use of the Roux-en-Y procedure is limited in paediatric surgery practice, and is performed mainly in congenital hepatobiliary disorders either as an initial or permanent treatment. In this 18-year retrospective study, we present our experience of the Roux-en-Y procedure in childhood cases of biliary atresia (BA) and congenital choledochal cyst (CCC). METHODS: Twenty-eight children (18 females and 10 males; age 25 days-12 years) with hepatobiliary disorders were treated in our clinics between 1986-2004. Twenty patients suffered from BA (11 females, 9 males) and eight from CCC (seven females, one male). The surgical approach in the patients with BA (mean age 2.1 months) was Roux-en-Y hepatic portoenterostomy (Kasai procedure) and in the patients with CCC (mean age 7.2 years) was cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The mean follow up period was 9.3 years. RESULTS: The children with BA developed the follow postoperative complications: 12 cholangitis, 6 portal hypertension and 5 hepatic cirrhosis. Among the children with CCC, two presented post-operative cholangitis, which was treated conservatively, and one developed anastomotic stricture and underwent reoperative reconstruction. At the end of the follow-up period among the children with BA 6 had died, 3 had undergone liver transplantation, and 5 were on a waiting list for transplantation. All children with CCC were alive without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Roux-en-Y in BA, with timely diagnosis, is preferred as an initial procedure, followed by liver transplantation in cases with no bile drainage and is the only possible reconstruction in cases of CCC after excision of the biliary cyst.     

Choledochal cysts in pregnancy： Case management and literature review

AIM: To evaluate the diagnosis, management principles and long-term results of congenital choledochal cysts in pregnancy. METHODS: Three adult patients were diagnosed as choledochal cysts in pregnancy from 1986 to 1989 and their long-term results were evaluated. RESULTS: The first patient had a Roux-en-Y cysto-jejunostomy with T-tube external drainage and died of septic shock and multi-organ failure 25 d after operation. In the second patient, 4 wk after percutaneous trans-choledochal cyst was drained externally with a catheter under US guidance, four weeks later the patient delivered vaginally, and had a cysto-jejunostomy 3 mo after delivery, and lived well without any complications for 15 years after operation. The third patient received Roux-en-Y cysto-jejunostomy after a vertex delivery by induced labor at 28 wk gestation, and demonstrated repetitively intermittent retrograde cholangitis within 10 years, and then died of well-differentiated congenital cholangioadenocarcinoma one month after re-operation with exploratory biopsy at the age of 36. CONCLUSION: More conservative approaches such as external drainage of choledochal cyst should be considered for pregnant patients with high risk, complete excision of choledochal cyst during hepaticojejunostomy or modified hepaticojejunostomy is highly recommended at the optimal time.     

Familial occurrence of congenital bile duct cysts

Congenital bile duct cysts are now a well-documented anomaly of the biliary tree, and have become more common in Japan. Familial occurrence of congenital bile duct cysts, however, is extremely rare, with only six reported cases in the literature. We report a familial pattern of congenital bile duct cysts in a mother and her daughter. A 33-year-old female was admitted for evaluation of right upper quadrant abdominal pain and fever 6 days after an uneventful delivery of her second child. A com- puted tomography (CT) and ultrasound scan (US) revealed an obstructed biliary tract. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was then performed, and a cholangiogram revealed a Scholtz type B choledochocele without an anomalous connection of the pancreaticobiliary ducts. Endoscopic US demonstrated that the choledochocele was associated with a stone in the cyst. A pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenal resection was performed, and a histological study revealed that the choledochocele was lined by biliary mucosa without evidence of malignancy. The newborn infant had an abdominal tumour. An US and CT revealed a congenital bile duct cyst. An operation was performed and the intraoperative cholangiogram showed an Alonso-Lej type I congenital bile duct cyst with an anomalous connection of the pancreaticobiliary ducts. Whether congenital bile duct cysts are hereditary remains to be elucidated.     

Extrahepatic cyst excision and partial hepatectomy for Todani type IV-A cysts

Background

Extrahepatic cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is not satisfactory in many patients with complex Todani type IV-A choledochal cysts.

Aims

To report the results of combined extrahepatic cyst excision, partial hepatectomy, and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for type IV-A choledochal cysts.

Methods

The records of patients who received extrahepatic cyst excision, partial hepatectomy, and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for type IV-A choledochal cysts from January 2002 to December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed, and surgical outcomes analysed.

Results

59 patients (30.5% males; mean age, 43.2 ± 18.4 years) were included. Radical excision of cystically dilated bile ducts was achieved in 53 patients (89.8%). Bile leakage, delayed wound healing, and abdominal infection occurred in 5 (8.47%), 7 (11.86%), and 3 (5.08%) patients, respectively. Forty-nine patients (83.1%) were followed for an average of 42.6 ± 15.3 months. During the follow-up, 6 patients (12.2%) experienced recurrent cholangitis. Long-term biliary function was excellent in 33 (67.4%), good in 9 (18.4%), fair in 5 (10.2%), and poor in 2 (4.1%) patients.

Conclusion

Combined extra-hepatic cyst excision, partial hepatectomy, and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is effective for the treatment of complex Todani type IV-A choledochal cysts with substantial intrahepatic bile duct involvement and hilar bile duct stenosis.     

先天性胆管扩张症合并肝内胆管扩张的手术治疗对策

目的探讨先天性胆管扩张症合并肝内胆管扩张的手术治疗对策,以提高手术的远期疗效。方法第1组不管是否提示合并肝内胆管扩张,均单纯行扩张胆总管、胆囊切除,肝总管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合。第2组在第1组手术术式基础上,对胆管狭窄者行胆管成形术和冲洗处理胰胆管共同通道。采用时序分组进行对比分析研究。结果第1组13例,6例合并肝内胆管扩张,4例为囊样扩张。第2组共46例,18例有肝内胆管扩张,其中11例为囊样扩张,同时存在胆管狭窄。第2组术后腹痛、胆道感染的发生率明显低于第1组。讨论在标准根治术(囊肿切除胆道重建)的基础上对近端肝内胆管狭窄矫治、可能存在的复杂胆道畸形的处理及远端胰胆管共同通道冲洗,可有效降低术后胆道胰管并发症的发生,提高手术远期疗效。     

Bile duct cyst in adults:Interventional treatment,resection,or transplantation?

Cystic dilatations of the bile ducts may be found along the extrahepatic biliary tree,within the liver,or in both of these locations simultaneously.Presentation in adults is often associated with complications.The therapeutic possibilities have changed considerably over the last few decades.If possible,complete resection of the cyst(s)can cure the symptoms and avoid the risk of malignancy.According to the type of bile duct cyst,surgical procedures include the Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and variable types of hepatic resection.However,the diffuse forms of Todani type Ⅴ cysts(Caroli disease and Caroli syndrome)in particular remain a therapeutic problem,and liver transplantation has become an important option.The mainstay of interventional treatment for Todani typeⅢbile duct cysts is via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.The diagnostic term"bile duct cyst"comprises quite different pathological and clinical entities.Interventional therapy,hepatic resection,and liver transplantation all have their place in the treatment of this heterogeneous disease group.They should not be seen as competitive treatment modalities,but as complementary options.Each patient should receive individualized treatment after all of the clinical findings have been considered by an interdisciplinary team.