人脑源性神经营养因子及神经营养素—3重组腺病毒的构建及鉴定

目的：构建人脑源性神经营养因子和神经营养素－３重组腺病毒，使其携带神经营养因子感染神经系统细胞，在局部释放有生物活性的营养因子。方法：Ｕ针人全长ＢＤＮＦ与ＮＴ３基因分别插入ｐＣＤＮＡ３载体，然后将表达序列ＣＭＶ－ＢＤＮＦ－ＢＧＨｐＡ和ＣＭＶ－ＮＴ３－ＢＧＨｐＡ切下，插入Ｅ１区缺失的腺病毒载体ｐＨΔＥｌｓｐ１Ａ中，与ｐＪＭ１７共转染２９３细胞，通过同源重组产生重组腺病毒。结果和结论：经过二次ＣｓＣｌ     

人白介素17基因的分离及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法从活化的人外周淋巴细胞中分离了人白１７基因，序列分析结果表明与文献报道的完全相符，以质粒ｐＢＶ２２０为表达载体，在大肠杆菌中高效表达了ｈＩＬ－１７基因，重组蛋白以包涵体的形式存在，约占菌体总蛋白的量４０％。     

人β—干扰素在杆状病毒载体与Sf细胞体系中的表达

采用苜蓿尺蠖核多角体病毒ＤＮＡ中多角体蛋白基因启动子及其前后序列作为转移载体，将人β－干扰素（ＨｕＩＦＮ－β）基因插入转移载体ｐＵＡｃ－５，构建成ｐＡｃ－ＩＦＮ－β载体。该质粒ＤＮＡ与野生型ＡｃＮＰＶ ＤＮＡ经ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ共转染秋粘虫传代细胞（Ｓｆ９细胞），利用重组病毒不产生多角体蛋白的特征，进行病毒空斑筛选。用核酸杂交方法鉴定出携带ＨｕＩＦＮ－β基因的重组病毒。用重组病毒感染Ｓｆ９细胞，     

人β－干扰素在杆状病毒载体与Sf细胞体系中的表达

采用苜蓿尺蠖核多角休病毒（Ａｕｔｏｇｒａｐｈａｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉｃａｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ，ＡｃＮＰＶ）ＤＮＡ中多角体蛋白基因启动子及其前后序列作为转移载体，将人β－干扰素（ＨｕＩＦＮ－β基因插入转移载体ｐＵＡｃ－５，构建成ｐＡｃ－ＩＦＮ－β载体。该质粒ＤＮＡ与野生型ＡｃＮＰＶＤＮＡ经ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ共转染秋粘虫（Ｓｐｏｄｏｐｔｅｒａｆｒｕｇｉｐｅｒｄａ）传代细胞（Ｓｆ９细胞），利用重组病毒不产生多角体蛋白的特征，进行病毒空斑筛选。用核酸杂交方法鉴定出携带ＨｕＩＦＮ－β基因的主组病毒。用重组病毒感染Ｓｆ９细胞，可表达ｒＨｕＩＦＮ－β。在１．０×１０￣６细胞／ｍｌ感染上清中测定ｒＨｕＩＦＮ－β最高活性为３．０×１０￣６ＩＵ／ｍｌ，抗天然ＨｕＩＦＮ－β抗体能完全中和ｒＨｕＩＦＮ－β的抗病毒活性。     

葡激酶基因的分离及其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

分离葡激酶基因并使其在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ中高效表达。方法：利用ＰＣＲ技术自溶源性金黄色葡萄球菌ＦＲ６１０株的染色体ＤＮＡ中分离葡激酶编码序，ＤＮＡ序列分析后，组入高效表害载体ｐＢＶ２２０中，转化至大肠杆菌。     

人CD40分子基因的克隆及其在COS—7细胞中的表达

目的：克隆编码人ＣＤ４０分子基因的全长ｃＤＮＡ,在ＣＯＳ－７细胞中获得高表达。方法：提取人Ｂ淋巴细胞看Ｄａｕｄｉ总ＲＮＡ,以ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术克隆了编码人ＣＤ４０基因全长ｃＤＮＡ,序列测定证实其正确性。将测序正确的ＣＤ４０基因克隆入真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１构建重组表达载体。采用脂质体转染试剂脂染胺（Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔａｍｉｎｅ）杂ＣＯＳ－７细胞,用流式细胞仪,免疫细胞化学和免疫荧光法检测ＣＤ４０基     

DNA错配修复基因MutS的克隆和表达

目的：克隆ＭｕｔＳ基因并构建高效表达菌株，为建立ＤＮＡ错配突变检测系统和应用于临床肿瘤的检测等打下重要的基础。方法与结果：通过聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）从Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ基因组中扩增得到ＭｕｔＳ基因（２．６ｋｂ），克隆在ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体上，构建了重组质粒载体ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ／ＭｕｔＳ，核酸序列分析表明所克隆的基因与Ｇｅｎｂａｎｋ的ＭｕｔＳ一致。然后亚克隆到原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０上，构建了重组菌株ＤＨ５α／ｐＢＶ２２０－ＭｕｔＳ，４２℃热诱导表达ＭｕｔＳ蛋白。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析显示在相对分子质量９７×１０３左右处出现一条表达量高达３０％以上的表达蛋白带，而对照菌株表达量很低。将重组质粒ｐＢＶ２２０－ＭｕｔＳ转化到ＭｕｔＳ缺陷菌株ＥＳ１３０１互补了该菌株ＭｕｔＳ的缺陷，使其链霉素、利福平抗性（Ｓｔｒｒ，Ｒｉｆｒ）的突变频率分别降低９９％、９６％。结论：克隆得到ＭｕｔＳ基因并在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达，表达的ＭｕｔＳ蛋白在菌体内具有生物学功能     

rhTPO克隆及其在COS—7细胞中的瞬时表达

血小板生长因子（ｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｐｏｉｅｔｉｎ，ＴＰＯ）是一种正常生理状态下的造血生长因子，它刺激造血祖细胞向巨核细胞的分化及血小板的生成和释放。该实验从６月龄人胚肝脏中分离ＲＮＡ，经逆转录ＰＣＲ等步骤克隆出了ＴＰＯｃＤＮＡ，并进行了序列分析。将ＴＰＯｃＤＮＡ亚克隆至哺乳动物细胞瞬时表达载体ｐＣＭＶ４，形成了重组表达质粒ｐＣＭＶ４／ＴＰＯ。以该重组质粒转染ＣＯＳ７细胞，可测到ＴＰＯ在ＣＯＳ７细胞中的瞬时表达     

FAS抗原胞外区片段GST融合蛋白的产生

目的：获得重组ＦＡＳ抗原，用于抗体制备及进一步的功能分析。方法：用ＰＣＲ技术从完整的ＦＡＳｃＤＮＡ克隆上扩增其编码胞外区的部分，将ＰＣＲ产物直接克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体系统，ＤＮＡ序列分析证实序列完全正确；用ＥｃｏＲⅠ和ＳａｌⅠ将ＦＡＳ胞外区片段切出，定向克隆到经同样酶切处理的ｐＧＥＸ－ＫＧ表达载体，转化大肠杆菌，经优化ＩＰＴＧ的诱导条件，获得了ＦＡＳ胞外区与谷胱甘肽－Ｓ－转移酶的融合蛋白高效表达；用亲合层析法从细菌粗提物中纯化了ＧＳＴ－ＦＡＳ融合蛋白，免疫家兔制备了抗ＦＡＳ抗体。结果：用重组ＦＡＳ为免疫原制备的抗体能诱导Ｕ９３７细胞产生细胞凋亡。结论：重组ＦＡＳ抗原和制备的抗体能用于对ＦＡＳ系统的功能研究     

c—myc特异性结合序列增强基因表达的研究

目的：ｃ－ｍｙｃ是一种转录因子，它与其特异性结合序列结合后，可增强下游基因的表达。方法：将４个重复拷贝的ｃ－ｍｙｃ顺式反应元件（ＣＡＣＧＴＧ）４、ＣＭＶ增强子／启动子以及带有ＣＭＶ增强子／启动子的（ＣＡＣＧＴＧ）４分别插入报道基因质粒ｐＢＬＣＡＴ２，得到３种融合报道质粒：ｐＭ４ＣＡＴ２、ｐＣＭＶＣＡＴ、ｐＭ４ＣＭＶＣＡＴ。结果：ＣＡＴ测活表明，在ｃ－ｍｙｃ高表达的ＢＴ３２５细胞中，ｐＭ４ＣＡＴ２的ＣＡＴ活性比ｐＢＬＣＡＴ２增高１０．７倍，而在ｃ－ｍｙｃ低表达的ＨｅＬａ细胞中，仅增高１．１倍；在ＢＴ３２５细胞中，ｐＭ４ＣＡＴ２的ＣＡＴ活性为ｐＣＭＶＣＡＴ的１／４，而ｐＭ４ＣＭＶＣＡＴ的ＣＡＴ活性与ｐＣＭＶＣＡＴ相当。结论：连接了（ＣＡＣＧＴＧ）４的ＴＫ启动子的转录活性依赖于ｃ－ｍｙｃ的扩增情况。而在（ＣＡＣＧＴＧ）４ＴＫ的前面再增加一个强的增强子可进一步增强该启动子的活性。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.