Herpes simplex keratitis after cataract surgery

PURPOSE: Herpetic keratitis is a rare complication of cataract surgery. We describe 3 cases of herpes simplex keratitis after cataract surgery in eyes with no clinical history of this disease. METHODS: Three patients underwent uneventful phacoemulsification of cataract with intraocular lens implantation. All were treated postoperatively with topical steroids. On subsequent development of corneal dendritic epithelial lesions in the operated eyes, the corticosteroids were replaced by treatment with topical acyclovir. RESULTS: The first postoperative day was uneventful. Corneal dendritic epithelial lesions were observed 1-5 weeks postoperatively and healed without sequelae after topical acyclovir treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the surgical trauma along with the topical corticosteroid treatment commonly prescribed after cataract surgery, physicians should be aware of the possible development of herpetic epithelial keratitis even in patients with no clinical history of this disease.     

Phakoanaphylaxis as a cause of granulomatous uveitis following extracapsular cataract surgery

Phakoanaphylaxis following modern extracapsular cataract surgery presents as a progressively severe granulomatous uveitis months after surgery. Two patients who developed pathologically confirmed phakoanaphylaxis following extracapsular surgery with posterior intraocular-lens insertion are presented. The evolution of the clinical picture is described, and the successful surgical therapy in each case is presented. It is important to recognize this cause of granulomatous uveitis for successful management of the problem.     

Premature elevated intraocular pressure after cataract surgery

We evaluated the frequency of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) the first 1-3 postoperative days for a group of patients undergoing standard or phacoemulsification extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). IOP was measured in the pre and postoperative period using non-contact tonometer. From the 356 operated patients, 21 patients (6%) had early elevated IOP. The frequency of elevated IOP was greater among the patients that received anterior chamber (AC) IOL (25%) as compared to that of patients that received posterior chamber (PC) IOL (5.5%). The viscoelastic substance was responsible for a great percentage of cases (51%). The results show that the majority of elevated IOP is transient, recovered spontaneously or by treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or beta-adrenergic blockers. Elevated postoperative IOP occurs more frequently in the presence of glaucoma, cataract associated with systemic diseases, in complicated and traumatic cataract.     

Effect of bimatoprost on intraocular pressure after cataract surgery

Background: An increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) frequently occurs after otherwise uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% drops given preoperatively in preventing IOP rise following phacoemulsification cataract surgery.Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study, 91 eyes of 85 patients scheduled to have clear corneal phacoemulsification cataract surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups. One hour before surgery, 1 group (48 eyes) received 1 drop of bimatoprost 0.03%, and the other group (43 eyes) received 1 drop of a balanced saline solution (placebo). A masked observer measured IOP preoperatively, and 3 and 24 hours postoperatively. Anterior chamber cellular reaction was measured on the first day after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) was assessed.Results: The mean IOP changes from baseline were not statistically different between the 2 groups at 3 hours (p = 0.618). At 24 hours, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean IOP changes of the groups (p = 0.001). The incidence of IOP elevation greater than 5 or 10 mm Hg at 24 hours was significantly higher in the control group (9 of 43 eyes) than the bimatoprost group (3 of 48 eyes) (p = 0.039). Anterior chamber reaction was not increased by bimatoprost. Mean CCT change was not different between the groups at 24 hours (p = 0.615).Interpretation: When compared with placebo, prophylactic use of 1 drop of bimatoprost before phacoemulsification cataract surgery failed to produce a significantly different effect on IOP levels from placebo at 3 hours postoperatively, but it caused a significant IOP reduction at 24 hours.     

晶状体溶解性青光眼患者白内障手术后高眼压的危险因素

目的：探讨晶状体溶解性青光眼(PLG)患者白内障手术术后高眼压的危险因素。

方法：回顾性分析。2010-01/2020-12我院148例148眼行白内障手术治疗的PLG患者的临床资料,根据其术后高眼压发生情况分为非高眼压组(126例)与高眼压组(22例)。采用Logistic回归分析评估PLG患者白内障手术术后高眼压的危险因素。构建列线图预测模型,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估列线图模型的预测能力。

结果：两组患者年龄、性别、BMI、白内障晶状体核分级、合并高血压及手术方式均无差异(P>0.05); 高眼压组患者合并糖尿病、高度近视、术前合并色素膜炎、术前合并眼外伤及术中并发症占比均高于非高眼压组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,合并糖尿病、高度近视、术前合并色素膜炎、术前合并眼外伤及术中并发症是PLG患者白内障手术术后高眼压的影响因素。本研究构建的列线图模型拟合效果良好,其ROC曲线下面积为0.906(0.890～0.921),表明具有较强的预测能力。

结论：术中并发症、术前合并色素膜炎、合并眼外伤、合并糖尿病及高度近视的PLG患者白内障手术后发生高眼压的风险较高,临床应对这些患者予以重视,以期改善患者的预后。     

Effect of aspirin and dexamethasone on intraocular pressure in primary uveitis produced by Herpes simplex virus.

The intracameral injection of New Zealand white male rabbits with type 1 herpes simplex virus produced acute anterior uveitis with biphasic elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP). The first IOP increase occurred on day 1 and 2 and the second increase on day 8. There was no significant correlation between the IOP changes and multiplication of herpes simplex virus in the uvea and cornea, nor between the IOP changes and histopathologic alteration of the tissue. Aspirin suppressed significantly the first as well as the second IOP elevation, whereas dexamethasone suppressed significantly only the second elevation.     

白内障手术后急性高眼压快速处理法

目的:探讨白内障手术后急性高眼压的快速处理。方法:对于手术前无青光眼史、眼压正常的白内障患者,手术后眼压增高者,应用表面麻醉,开睑,1mL消毒注射器压迫辅助切口后唇,房水自然流出,眼压随即下降。结果:共处理白内障手术后高眼压67例,放水1次眼压恢复正常者65例,两次放水眼压恢复正常者1例,4次1例。其中6例放水后前房出血,经半卧位休息及全身应用止血药后3～5d出血吸收。无其它并发症。结论:应用辅助切口放出房水治疗白内障手术后高眼压,无应用高渗脱水剂引起肾功能障碍的风险,治疗后眼压随即下降,角膜恢复透明,高眼压临床症状立即消失,减少了高眼压对手术眼视力的损害,且无特殊并发症,经济实用,可以在临床推广应用。     

持续高眼压对急性大发作期原发性闭角型青光眼行白内障手术的影响

目的：研究持续高眼压对原发性闭角型青光眼急性大发作期行白内障手术的影响与其相关因素分析,并探讨持续高眼压状态下的治疗方案。

方法：选取武汉同济医院眼科收治的284例293眼接受白内障手术治疗的原发性闭角型青光眼急性大发作期的病历资料。根据术前眼压,将病人分为三组,术前用全身及局部药物眼压可基本控制在正常范围内的(组1),共188例; 术前眼压不能用药控制在正常范围,但行一次前房穿刺治疗后,眼压在用药物或不用药下可控制在正常范围的(组2),共61例; 术前多次前房穿刺放液仍不能维持正常眼压(组3),共44例。组1行白内障摘除联合人工晶体植入术,组2和组3行白内障摘除和房角分离联合人工晶体植入术。分析手术前后视力、眼压、中央前房深度、黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度以及房角镜检查结果。术前及术后测量数据采用非参数检验。

结果：各组术后一周眼压控制率分别为：组1(100%),组2(95%),组3(82%)(组2眼压控制率高于组3, χ²=4.795,P<0.05)。视力提高率分别为：组1(92%),组2(84%); 组3(52%)。各组术后中央前房深度均较术前明显加深,但组3中术后房角粘连范围显著高于组1和组2。组1和组2未出现术后前房积血,而组3中18%患者术后出现前房积血。

结论：对于持续高眼压的原发性闭角型青光眼急性大发作术前各种措施将眼压降至正常后再行白内障手术有较好的疗效,但是术前多次前房穿刺放液仍不能维持正常眼压眼,术后存在较大的房角粘连和前房出血风险。     

高度近視患者白内障術後的眼壓燮化觀察

目的觀察高度近視患者白内障術後的眼壓變化,評價手術方式對其的影響.方法高度近視白内障患者190例,分爲ECCE和PHACO兩組,分别觀察.結果術後随訪中,ECCE組眼壓升高25例,占21.93%,開角型青光眼3例,占2.63%;PHACO組眼壓升高3例,占3.94%,可疑開角型青光眼1例.結論高度近視白内障患者術後眼壓升高存在一過性升高和青光眼發作兩種情况,超聲乳化術後眼壓升高較少.     

Evaluation of aqueous outflow facility in patients with high intraocular pressure after cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study whether patients with a marked elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) the day after cataract surgery may have a chronically impaired aqueous outflow. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 128 consecutive patients, IOP was measured both preoperatively and the day after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. In the late postoperative period, aqueous outflow facility (C-value) was measured with pneumatonography in patients (n = 7) who experienced a postoperative IOP increase of at least 20 mm Hg and in patients (n = 11) with a difference between preoperative and postoperative IOP of not more than 2 mm Hg. RESULTS: Aqueous outflow facility was normal in both groups. Mean C-value was 0.32 +/- 0.18 microL/min/ mm Hg in the hypertensive group and 0.23 +/- 0.10 microL/ min/mm Hg in the normotensive group. The difference was not statistically significant (P = .20). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with marked IOP elevation the day after cataract surgery do not seem to have a chronically impaired aqueous outflow facility compared with normotensive patients.     

青光眼术后高眼壓的處理

目的 探讨青光眼衍后高眼壓处理的有效方法。方法 对18例18眼青光眼術后高眼壓病例進行保守治療眼壓控制率篇44.44％,10眼手術治療,眼壓控制率为80％。结论 青光眼術后高眼壓患者在藥物治療失败后采用雙直角切口小梁切除術是行之有效的方法。     

Herpes simplex keratitis after ophthalmic surgery

PURPOSE: We report 6 cases of herpes simplex keratitis after ophthalmic surgery, in eyes without clinical history of herpes simplex keratitis. CASES: These cases comprised 6 patients examined at our hospital between April 1992 and November 2001. Past operations were keratoplasty in 5 eyes and cataract surgery in 1 eye. Clinical findings and predisposing factors were evaluated retrospectively. The period between herpetic epithelial keratitis onset and ophthalmic surgery ranged from 1.5 to 79 months. Predisposing factors included corticosteroid therapy and operative wound. The herpetic epithelial lesions were dendritic ulcers in 2 eyes, geographic ulcer in 1 eye, and atypical epithelial lesions in 3 eyes; in all cases, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in tear fluid. All herpetic epithelial lesions healed with oral and topical acyclovir. CONCLUSIONS: When corticosteroids are used following ophthalmic surgery, physicians should be alert to the possibility of herpetic epithelial keratitis, even in patients with no clinical history of herpes simplex keratitis. PCR detection in tear fluid is helpful in diagnosing this disease.     

Factors that influence intraocular pressure after cataract surgery in primary glaucoma

Objective: We sought to find predictive factors for favourable postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).Study Design: Retrospective evaluation of patients who had undergone cataract surgery.Participants: Forty-eight patients with POAG and 48 patients with PACG.Methods: Various clinical factors were evaluated retrospectively in 96 patients. All patients had undergone standard 2.75-3.5 mm limbal incision cataract surgery. Clinical parameters in patients with successful postoperative IOP courses were compared with those in unsuccessful patients. Success was defined as an IOP between 6 and 21 mm Hg, with fewer antiglaucoma medications needed compared with before surgery, and no need of additional glaucoma surgery.Results: In POAG, eyes with a highest preoperative IOP of <31 mm Hg or those being treated with <3 antiglaucoma medications before surgery had a significantly higher probability of success. In PACG, the probability of success was significantly higher if the highest preoperative IOP was <42 mm Hg, the number of antiglaucoma medications before surgery was <3, or the areas of peripheral anterior synechiae were <4 clock hours.Conclusions: Primary small-incision cataract surgery using phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation may be the procedure of choice in patients with medically controlled glaucoma and coexisting visually significant cataracts, considering the highest preoperative IOP and number of antiglaucoma medications in POAG and PACG, and the area of peripheral anterior synechiae in PACG.     

玻璃体切除术后高眼压的临床分析与处理

目的探讨玻璃体视网膜手术后高眼压的可能原因及处理方法。方法对行玻璃体切除术的389眼中发生术后高眼压的102眼行各项检查确定高眼压的原因,分别进行药物或手术治疗。结果术后高眼压102眼,发生率为26．22％。其中联合巩膜环扎组和未行巩膜环扎组高眼压发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,无晶状体眼和有晶状体眼组高眼压发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,外伤性和非外伤性病因者术后高眼压发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而c,F。填充组和硅油填充组高眼压发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。所有患眼经治疗后眼压均降至21mmHg以下,视力获得了不同程度的提高。除3例外,视神经未受明显损害。结论玻璃体视网膜手术后发生高眼压受多因素作用所致,无晶状体眼、巩膜环扎、眼外伤等为其高危因素。术前、术中对一些可控因素进行有效预防、术后监测眼压可早期发现并及时进行药物、手术治疗,而及时正确的处理可有效控制眼压、抢救大部分患眼视力。