412例真菌性角膜炎的回顾性分析

目的：对真菌性角膜炎患者的流行病学特征、实验室检查方法和结果及治疗效果进行分析,为真菌 性角膜炎诊治提供依据。方法： 回顾性系列病例研究。对2012年1月至2017年12月在冀中能源邢 台矿业集团总医院诊治的412例（412眼）真菌性角膜炎的流行病学特点、临床体征、病原学诊断方式、 结果及治疗效果采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验等统计学方法进行分析。结果：9-12月份是真菌性角膜 炎高发期,占全年患者总数的61.2%（252/412）。患病人群以农民为主,占59.5%（245/412）,植物性 外伤为首要病因者185例（44.9%）,其次为非植物性外伤86例（20.9%）。男女比例为1.82∶1。年龄 14～81（45.6±14.3）岁,41～60岁患者占53.9%（222/412）。真菌培养阳性率为88.8%（366/412）,高 于氢氧化钾湿片法[77.2%（318/412）],2种检测方式比较差异有统计学意义（χ2 =31.14,P<0.001）。 前几位的致病菌依次是镰刀菌属167例（40.5%）,链格孢菌属75例（18.2%）,曲霉菌属62例（15.0%）, 青霉菌属28例（6.9%）。真菌性角膜炎所致典型临床体征中以菌丝苔被最为常见（366例,88.8%）, 其次为伪足（224例,54.4%）、前房积脓（111例,26.9%）。镰刀菌属、链格孢菌属、曲霉菌属及青 霉菌属所致真菌性角膜炎的病情分级和预后水平比较差异均有统计学意义（Hc=40.676,P< 0.001; Hc=40.109,P<0.001）,显示镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属的病情分级重于链格孢菌属和青霉菌属,预后水平 也差于链格孢菌属和青霉菌属。结论：真菌性角膜炎患者呈逐年增多趋势;氢氧化钾湿片法和真菌 培养都是有效的诊断方法,镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属所致的真菌性角膜炎较链格孢菌和青霉菌引起的真 菌性角膜炎病情相对较重,且预后较差。     

天津地区角膜外伤后真菌感染的病原学调查分析

目的调查分析天津地区角膜真菌感染的病原菌种类。方法自2006年1月至2009年6月间,在天津市眼科医院采集角膜外伤后疑似真菌性角膜炎病变角膜标本170份,分别进行真菌直接涂片镜检和接种于沙保罗培养基进行真菌培养,对培养阳性者进行菌种鉴定。结果在170份角膜病变标本中,直接涂片镜检阳性98份,阳性率为57．65％。真菌培养阳性123株,阳性率为72．35％;涂片镜检和真菌分离培养的一致性为84．75％。其中镰刀菌属占66．67％,镰刀菌属中茄病镰刀菌占30．89％,尖孢镰刀菌占15．45％,串珠镰刀菌占13．82％。曲霉菌属占23．58％,曲霉菌属中黄曲霉菌占13．01％,烟曲霉菌占8．14％。结论镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属是天津地区眼部真菌感染的主要致病真菌。     

改良角膜活检法对真菌性角膜溃疡的临床诊断

目的对角膜活检加178．2mmol·L－1（100g·L－1）氢氧化钾法诊断真菌性角膜溃疡的阳性率进行评价。方法对80例临床诊断真菌性角膜溃疡患者，在行穿透性角膜移植前，角膜刮片、角膜活检加178．2mmol·L1氢氧化钾湿片法和角膜移植术后组织病理学染色的结果进行比较。结果角膜活检加178．2mmol·L－1氢氧化钾湿片法诊断真菌性角膜溃疡阳性率为97．5％．结论角膜活检加178．2mmol·L1氢氧化钾湿片法是一种快速、便捷、阳性率高的诊断真菌性角膜溃疡的方法。     

真菌性角膜炎的联合用药及手术治疗

目的：探讨联合用药及手术治疗真菌性角膜炎的临床效果。方法：对115例经10％KOH湿片或湿片墨汁法直接镜检查到真菌菌丝或孢子确认为真菌性角膜炎者进行菌属鉴别和体外抗真菌药物敏感试验，应用氟康唑静滴联合局部应用二性霉素B、氟康唑、酮康唑和三唑粉及制霉菌素药粉滴眼或5％那他霉素眼液治疗1周，无效且视力＜0．1者选择手术。结果：本组115眼中48眼经药物治疗病情痊愈，32眼行板层角膜移植，35眼行穿透性角膜移植。术后平均随访11个月，植片透明39眼（58．20％），混浊26眼（38．80％）。真菌病灶复发3眼（4．47％），其中1眼经药物治疗后感染控制，2眼药物治疗无效。结论：真菌性角膜炎应早期辅助实验室诊断，早期联合用药或手术治疗。     

角膜丝状真菌感染病原学检查及药物敏感分析

目的 分析天津地区角膜丝状真菌感染的菌属分布及其体外药物敏感试验.方法 自2006年1月至2009年6月间,在天津市眼科医院采集疑似真菌性角膜炎患者病变角膜标本170份,分别进行真菌茁陵涂片镜检和接种于沙保罗培养基进行真菌培养,培养阳性者应用真菌微量药敏板分析对常用抗真菌药物的敏感性.结果 在170份角膜病变标本中,直接涂片镜检阳性98份,阳性率为57.6%.丝状真菌培养阳性118株,阳性率为69.4%;涂片镜检和真菌分离培养的一致性为84.7%.其中镰刀菌属占69.5%,曲霉菌属占24.6%.镰刀菌属对伏立康唑最为敏感(97.6%),其次为两性霉素B(84.2%).对伊曲康唑和氟康唑不敏感.曲霉菌属对伏立康唑最敏感(96.6%),其次为特比萘芬(93.1%)和两性霉素B(86.2%),对伊曲康唑和氟康唑不敏感.结论 镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属是眼部真菌感染的主要致病真菌.绝大多数菌株对伏立康唑、两性霉素B和特比萘芬敏感,对伊曲康唑和氟康唑耐药性较高.     

1997至2002年山东省眼科研究所穿透性角膜移植术的原因分析

目的 探讨1997至2002年山东省眼科研究所6年间行穿透性角膜移植术（PKP）的原因及其变化。方法 对1997年1月至2002年12月山东省眼科研究所的所有PKP病例进行回顾性调查,将PKP的原因分为10类：化脓性角膜炎、单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎、圆锥角膜、大泡性角膜病变、角膜白斑、角膜破裂伤、角膜烧伤、再次PKP、遗传相关的角膜营养不良和角膜变性及其他。并且记录化脓性角膜炎的病原菌,大泡性角膜病变的病因,再次PKP的原发病和再次手术的原因。分析6年间PKP的原因及其变化情况。结果 共调查1702例PKP患者。PKP的原因依次是化脓性角膜炎542例（31．9％）、单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎299例（17．6％）、圆锥角膜219例（12．9％）、角膜白斑164例（9．6％）、大泡性角膜病变118例（6．9％）、角膜破裂伤105例（6．2％）、再次PKP77例（4．5％）、角膜烧伤70例（4．1％）、遗传相关的角膜营养不良和角膜变性67例（3．9％）及其他41例（2．4％）。圆锥角膜（χ^2=26．399,P〈0．001）和大泡性角膜病变（χ^2=11．4229,P〈0．001）所占比例呈明显上升趋势,其他原因则无明显变化。化脓性角膜炎中真菌感染居首位（65．9％）,6年来各病原菌所占比例无明显变化。多数大泡性角膜病变患者有内眼手术史,其中白内障手术最常见（76．3％）。再次PKP的原发病以角膜烧伤（24．7％）、单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎（23．4％）及化脓性角膜炎（14．3％）为主,再次手术的原因主要是免疫排斥（61．0％）、植片感染（14．3％）及单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎复发（10．4％）。结论 感染性角膜病仍然是PKP的主要适应证,其中真菌感染为首位病因。圆锥角膜和大泡性角膜病变均呈明显上升趋势。（中华眼科杂志,2006,42：704-708）     

细菌性角膜炎病原学分析

目的：回顾分析细菌性角膜炎致病菌属的分布及变化。方法：对1989－1999年间送检的2220份细菌性角膜炎细菌培养标本进行革兰染色及分类,对不同菌属的分布及变化情况进行回顾性分析。结果：在2220份培养的角膜细菌标本中,培养阳性菌株490 株,阳性率为22．1％。其中革兰阳性球菌250株,占51．0％;革兰阴性球菌2株,占0．4％;革兰阴性杆菌193株,占39．4％;革兰阳性杆菌45株,占9．2％。假单胞菌属的检出率最高,占32．2％,其次为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌属为18．6％,第3位肺炎球菌12．0％。10年中,革兰阳性球菌检出率呈上升趋势,革兰阴性杆菌检出率则呈下降趋势。结论：假单胞菌属及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌属仍是细菌角膜炎较常见的致病菌,革兰阴性杆菌检出率下降与革兰阳性球菌检出率升高趋势应引起临床眼科医师的注意。     

棘阿米巴角膜炎的实验室检查和临床诊断

目的：为了解棘阿米巴角膜炎的临床病程特征,采用简便实用的实验室检查方法对棘阿米巴角膜炎进行病因诊断。方法：对棘阿米巴角膜炎患者13例（13只眼）各病程阶段的特征性眼表现,通过角膜刮片材料镜检,阿米巴分离培养及角膜病理确诊。结果：与戴角膜接触镜有关者4例,非角膜接触镜配戴者9例,10％KOH湿封片镜检诊断阳性率81．25％,棘阿米巴培养阳性率56．25％,角膜病检阿米巴阳性率68．75％,结论：本病并非罕见,除载接触镜外,许多因素可接触感染,10％KOH湿封片可对棘阿米巴角膜炎作初步诊断,最后诊断须经原虫培养获得,角膜病理切片可进一步证实原虫培养的结果。     

真菌性角膜炎的病原学分析

目的研究1999～2003年我院真菌性角膜炎的病原学分布。方法回顾性分析我院化脓性角膜炎真菌涂片标本922份、连续性真菌培养标本1814份，并与我院1975～1986、1989～1997年两个阶段比较，结果涂片标本阳性率为27％，(306／922)，与培养的阳性一致率为82％；真菌培养阳性率为25％(456／1814)；上半年与下半年的比例为1：2．2；培养阳性的真菌菌株中，镰孢菌属占34％(155／456)，曲霉菌属占26%，(118／456)；茄病镰孢菌和烟曲霉菌分别是最主要的致病菌株；与我院前两个阶段的资料比较曲霉菌的比例有明显下降而镰孢菌有明显上升的趋势；另外，456份标本中80份伴有细菌培养阳性．结论目前，镰孢菌属和曲霉菌属是广州地区真菌性角膜炎的主要致病真菌。     

福州地区真菌性角膜炎的流行病学特征

目的 分析真菌性角膜炎患者的病因和流行病学特征。方法 对2000年1月至2005年12月在我院确诊为真菌性角膜炎的354例患者进行回顾性分析,研究其人口特征、发病诱因、诊疗情况和病原学特征等。结果 354例真菌性角膜炎中,218例（占61.6%）的患者为男性,31～50岁是发病集中年龄,152例（占42.8%）患者的职业是农民,92例（占26.0%）患者由植物性外伤引起,秋季是高发季节,就诊史明确的患者中261例（占73.6%）在1周内就诊于各级医疗机构,而接受抗真菌治疗的仅为23.4%。分离到的真菌中镰刀菌属有163例（占66.3%）,其次为曲霉菌属,有32例（占13.1%）。结论 真菌性角膜炎是严重的致盲性眼病,高发于以农业生产为主的中、青年男性农民;其致病真菌以镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属为主。应改善农业生产条件,提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。     

Corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China: a 10-year retrospective study on 578 cases

AIM: To determine the epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs, laboratory findings, and outcomes in patients with corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China. METHODS: The medical records of 578 inpatients (578 eyes) with corneal infection were reviewed retrospectively for demographic characteristics, risk factors, seasonal variation, clinical signs, laboratory findings, and treatment strategy. Patient history, ocular examination findings using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, laboratory findings resulted from microbiological cultures, and treatment. RESULTS: Fungal keratitis constituted 58.48% of cases of infectious keratitis among the inpatients, followed by herpes simplex keratitis (20.76%), bacterial keratitis (19.03%) and acanthamoeba keratitis (1.73%). The most common risk factor was corneal trauma (71.80%). The direct microscopic examination (338 cases) using potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mounts was positive in 296 cases (87.57%). Among the 298 fungal culture-positive cases, Fusarium species were the most common isolates (70.47%). A total of 517 cases (89.45%) received surgical intervention, including 255 (44.12%) cases of penetrating keratoplasty, 74 (12.80%) cases of lamellar keratoplasty which has become increasingly popular, and 77 cases (13.32%) of evisceration or enucleation. CONCLUSION: At present, infectious keratitis is a primary corneal disease causing blindness in China. With Fusarium species being the most commonly identified pathogens, fungal keratitis is the leading cause of severe infectious corneal ulcers in Shandong peninsula of China.     

Spectrum of fungal keratitis in North India

PURPOSE: To report the epidemiologic features and laboratory results of 191 consecutive cases of fungal keratitis presenting to a tertiary level superspecialty teaching hospital of North India. METHODS: A prospective hospital-based study was carried out on 485 consecutive patients presenting with corneal ulcers to the outpatient department of Guru Nanak Eye Center, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, from January 1999 to June 2001. The sociodemographic data, predisposing risk factors, clinical details, prior treatment modalities, laboratory results, and visual outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Diagnosis of mycotic keratitis was established in 191 (39%) out of the total study group of 485 cases. Direct microscopic examination of KOH mounts and Gram-stained smears revealed presence of fungal elements in the corneal scrapings in 119 (62.3%) and 114 (60%) of the subsequently fungal culture-positive cases, respectively. Men (68%) were more commonly affected by fungal keratitis than women (32%). Young adults 31-40 years of age were the most common age group to be involved (36%). Predisposing risk factors were noted in 79%, with corneal trauma 42%, contact lens wear 25%, and topical corticosteroids in 21% patients. The spectrum of fungi isolated were Aspergillus species in 78 (41%) followed by Curvularia species in 55 (29%). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to other studies from our subcontinent, we found Aspergillus niger to be the most common fungal isolate, followed by Curvularia species in culture-proven cases of fungal keratitis. Direct microscopic examination of KOH mounts emerged as a rapid, reliable, and inexpensive diagnostic modality, with a sensitivity of 62%, which would facilitate the institution of early antifungal therapy before the culture results became available, thus proving to be sight saving.     

Epidemiological and microbiological diagnosis of suppurative keratitis in Gangetic West Bengal, eastern India

PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiological pattern and risk factors involved in suppurative corneal ulceration in Gangetic West Bengal, eastern India, and to identify the specific microbial agents responsible for corneal infections. METHODS: All patients with suspected microbial keratitis presenting to the corneal clinic at Disha Eye Hospital, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India, from January 2001 to December 2003 were evaluated. Sociodemographic data and information pertaining to the risk factors were recorded. After diagnosing infective corneal ulcer clinically, corneal scraping and cultures were performed. RESULTS: Over a three-year period, 1198 patients with suppurative keratitis were evaluated. Ocular trauma was the most common predisposing factor in 994 (82.9%) patients (P< 0.0001), followed by use of topical corticosteroids in 231 (19.28%) patients. Cultures were positive in 811 (67.7%) patients. Among these culture positive cases, 509 (62.7%) patients had pure fungal infections (P< 0.001), 184 (22.7%) patients had pure bacterial infections and 114 (14.1%) had mixed fungal with bacterial infections. Acanthamoeba was detected in 4 (0.49%) patients. The most common fungal pathogen was Aspergillus spp representing 373 (59.8%) of all positive fungal cultures (P< 0.0001), followed by Fusarium spp in 132 (21.2%) instances. Most common bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus, representing 127 (42.6%) of all the bacterial culture (P< 0.0001) followed by Pseudomonas spp 63 (21.1%). CONCLUSION: Suppurative keratitis in Gangetic West Bengal, most often occurs after a superficial corneal trauma with vegetative or organic materials. Fungal ulcers are more common than bacterial ulcers. Aspergillus spp and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common fungus and bacteria respectively. These "regional" findings have important public health implications for the treatment and prevention of suppurative corneal ulceration in this region of India.     

Suppurative corneal ulceration in Bangladesh

Suppurative keratitis is an important preventable cause of blindness, particularly in the developing world. This study analyses 142 cases of suppurative keratitis referred to Chittagong Eye Infirmary, Bangladesh. Some 53.5% of cases were bacterial and 35.9% were fungal. The five most common pathogens were: Pseudomonas sp. 24%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 17%, Aspergillus sp. 13%, Fusarium sp. 7% and Curvularia sp. 6%. Gram stain and culture results were consistent in 62.6% of cases. Previous antibiotic treatment was a significant factor for failure of culture isolation and less so for Gram stain failure. On Gram stain, 55.9% of pseudomonal cases were missed, but only 2% of fungal cases were missed. Over all, Gram stain had a sensitivity of 62% and positive predictive value of 84% for bacterial cases, and 98% and 94% for fungal cases, respectively. Fungal ulcers were typically filamentous, but an antecedent history of trauma was not common. The most frequent injury was due to rice grains, but the inoculum appeared to be introduced during eye washing with contaminated water. Pseudomonal ulcers occurred most frequently in the monsoon season, and Fusarium cases were seen only in the hot, dry season.     

实验室诊断技术在真菌性角膜炎诊断敏感性的对比研究

目的：分析真菌涂片、真菌培养和病理检查在诊断真菌性角膜炎上的相关性及临床意义。
　　方法：收集2012-01/2014-12诊断为真菌性角膜炎的患者110例110眼,对真菌涂片、真菌培养及病理检查结果进行回顾性分析总结。真菌涂片行角膜刮片,用10%氢氧化钾制成湿片镜检,同时行革兰染色镜检;真菌培养采用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基( PDA)培养;病理检查的标本为角膜移植切除手术标本,采用石蜡切片,使用苏木素-伊红( HE)、六胺银、过碘酸-雪夫( PAS)染色镜检。
　　结果：真菌涂片阳性者50例(45.5%);真菌培养阳性者55例(50.0%);病理检查阳性者88例(80.0%)。真菌涂片与病理检查均为阳性者50例,真菌涂片与病理检查均阴性者22例,真菌涂片与病理检查的符合率为65.5%。真菌培养与病理检查均为阳性者55例,真菌培养与病理检查均阴性者22例,真菌培养与病理检查的符合率为70 .0%。真菌涂片结果阴性者60例中,有38例经病理检查确诊为阳性,占63.3%;真菌培养结果阴性者55例中,有33例经病理检查确诊为阳性,占60 .0%。
　　结论：病理检查的敏感性最好,真菌涂片、真菌培养及病理检查联合应用能够提高真菌性角膜炎的诊断水平,降低漏诊、误诊。     

Spectrum of fungal keratitis:clinicopathologic study of 44 cases

AIM:To determine the causative agents of fungal keratitis and study the predisposing factors over a period of ten years in a single tertiary care hospital.METHODS:A retrospective analysis of fungal corneal ulcers was done from 2003-2012. Patients’ clinical data were noted from the file records. Correlation of histopathological diagnosis was done with the report on fungal culture.RESULTS: Mycotic keratitis was established in 44 cases by a positive fungal culture. Direct microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide (KOH) mounts revealed fungal elements in 39 cases while 40 cases showed fungus on Gram stained smears. Males (54.55%) were more commonly affected than the females (45.45%). The age ranged from 18 to 82 years. Most common age group to be involved was 41-60 years. Predisposing risk factors were seen in 34 (77.27%) cases. Most common findings on clinical examination were anterior chamber reaction and conjunctival injection seen in all the cases. Other common findings were stromal infiltration and hypopyon seen in 20 (45.45%) and 18 (40.91%) cases respectively. On histopathological examination the fungus was typed, as aspergillus in 34 cases while no definite typing was possible in 10 cases. The predominant isolate was aspergillus flavus (59.09%) followed by fusarium (15.91%). Mixed fungal and bacterial infection was seen in 3 (6.82%) cases.CONCLUSION:Although culture is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of fungal keratitis, direct microscopic examination of corneal scrapings or histomorphological evaluation of biopsies allow a rapid preliminary diagnosis. Early administration of antifungal treatment helps in preventing dreadful complications.     

海南省81例真菌性角膜溃疡病原学分析

目的:探讨中国海南省真菌性角膜溃疡的病原学特点及流行病学特征.方法:收集2014-01/2016-12在中山大学中山眼科中心海南眼科医院住院治疗的真菌性角膜溃疡确诊病例81例81眼的基本资料.分析致病真菌种群分布特点、患者年龄分布特点、患病季节分布构成比以及疾病危险因素.回顾分析真菌性角膜溃疡治疗方式,计算角膜溃疡坏死组织的真菌培养及鉴定、真菌涂片结果阳性率,卡方检验比较两种实验室检查方法阳性检出率.结果:选取临床诊断真菌性角膜溃疡患者81例81眼,其中男54眼,女27眼,年龄中位数51岁.角膜外伤是最常见的危险因素.≥50岁患病人数45眼(55%),占比最大;其次为>30~<50岁年龄段人群组28眼(35%);≤30岁人群组8眼(10%),占比最小.第一季度是全年真菌性角膜溃疡的高发时段,患病人数占36%.81份真菌培养样本阳性例数71眼,阳性率88%.80份角膜坏死物涂片样本,阳性样本共41眼,阳性率51%.真菌涂片阳性检出率低于真菌培养,差异有统计学意义(x2=23.730, P<0.01).主要致病性真菌依次为镰刀菌属34眼(48%),不产孢子菌11眼(15%).治疗上均采用了多种抗真菌药物治疗,23眼(28%)联合角膜清创+结膜瓣遮盖术治疗;9眼(11%)联合角膜移植术;7眼(9%)联合眼内容物剜除术.结论:中国海南省本岛真菌性角膜溃疡的最主要致病菌是镰刀菌属、不产孢子菌,高发季节为1~3mo.患者多有角膜外伤史.抗真菌药物及手术治疗是目前真菌性角膜溃疡的主要治疗手段.与真菌涂片相比较,真菌培养具有更高的阳性检出率.     

Predisposing factors and etiologic diagnosis of ulcerative keratitis

PURPOSE: To determine the predisposing factors, demographic characteristics, and etiology of ulcerative keratitis in a referral center in Bangkok, Thailand. METHODS: The medical records of admitted patients with positive-culture ulcerative keratitis were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, predisposing factors, and microbial culture results. Predisposing factors were compared between bacterial and fungal keratitis. RESULTS: From January 2001 to December 2004, there were 127 positive-culture ulcerative keratitis cases. The most frequent microbiological diagnosis was bacterial keratitis (76 eyes, 60%), followed by fungal (48 eyes, 38%) and Acanthamoeba keratitis (3 eyes, 2%). The most common organisms isolated were Pseudomonas spp. for bacteria and Fusarium spp. for fungus. Compared with bacterial keratitis, fungal keratitis was more likely to be associated with ocular trauma (odds ratio = 11.20; 95% confidence interval, 3.62-34.66) but less likely to be associated with contact lens wear (odds ratio = 0.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.08). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, Pseudomonas and Fusarium species are the most common causes of bacterial and fungal keratitis, respectively. Fungal keratitis was more likely than bacterial keratitis to be associated with ocular trauma, whereas fungal keratitis was less likely to be associated with contact lens wear.     

Evaluation of corneal scraping smear examination methods in the diagnosis of bacterial and fungal keratitis: a survey of eight years of laboratory experience

PURPOSE: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of Gram and potassium hydroxide with calcofluor white (KOH+CFW) stains in the diagnosis of early and advanced microbial keratitis, a retrospective analysis of comparative data from a prospectively collected database was done. METHODS: Patients with nonviral microbial keratitis seen at L.V. Prasad Eye Institute between February 1991 and December 1998 were included in the study. The type of bacteria seen on Gram stain was determined from 251 corneal scrapings from patients with early keratitis and 841 corneal scrapings from patients with advanced keratitis. The presence of fungi in corneal scrapings was determined by KOH+CFW stain of 114 and 363 scrapings from patients with early and advanced keratitis, respectively. The smear findings were compared with culture results to analyze specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values of the staining techniques. RESULTS: The sensitivity of Gram stain in the detection of bacteria was 36.0% in early and 40.9% in advanced keratitis cases; however, the specificity was higher in both groups (84.9% and 87.1%, respectively). Comparatively, the sensitivity and specificity of fungal detection were higher using KOH+CFW in early (61.1% and 99.0%, respectively) as well as advanced keratitis (87.7% and 83.7%, respectively). Predictive values were high for KOH+CFW in fungus detection, while they were poor for Gram stain in bacteria detection. In advanced keratitis cases, the false positives were higher in fungal detection (16.3%) than in bacterial detection (10.3%), while the false negatives were significantly higher in bacterial detection compared with fungal detection (59.1% versus 12.3%, p< 0.0001). In early keratitis, on the other hand, both false positives and false negatives for bacterial detection were significantly higher than fungal detection. CONCLUSIONS: Decisions can reliably be based on KOH+CFW stain of corneal scrapings for initiation of antifungal therapy in mycotic keratitis. The results of Gram stain, on the other hand, have limited value in therapeutic decisions for bacterial keratitis. Therefore, the search for a better modality for early and efficient diagnosis of bacterial keratitis needs to continue.     

紫药水在真菌性角膜炎诊断中的应用

目的:探讨紫药水在真菌性角膜炎诊断中的应用。方法:我院2009-01/2010-12诊断为真菌性角膜炎病例70例,行角膜刮片,标本分别行紫药水染色、KOH湿片检查和真菌培养及菌种鉴定。以培养结果做为确诊真菌性角膜炎的"金标准"。结果:真菌性角膜炎病例70例中58例检出真菌,阳性率82.9%。紫药水染色法查找真菌阳性率61.4%,灵敏度67.2%,特异度29.6%,假阳性率33.3%,假阴性率32.8%,正确指数-3.1%,阳性预测值90.7%,阴性预测值29.6%。KOH湿片法查找真菌阳性率44.3%,灵敏度44.8%,特异度17.9%,假阳性率41.7%,假阴性率55.2%,正确指数-37.2%,阳性预测值83.9%,阴性预测值17.9%。结论:紫药水染色法是真菌性角膜炎早期诊断的快速、有效方法。