Factors affecting prognosis in patients with short bowel syndrome

Aim of the study is to analyse physiopathological implications of massive intestinal resection and factors affecting prognosis in patients with short bowel syndrome. Twenty massive intestinal resections were performed. The causes of bowel resection were: intestinal infarction (11 cases), Crohn's disease (5 cases), small bowel volvulus (4 cases). All intestinal resections were more than 50-60% of the intestinal length. In eighteen patients intestinal anastomosis was performed immediately. In all the patients postoperative therapy with parenteral nutrition (PN) was performed. The operative morbidity and thirty-day mortality were respectively 30% (6 cases) and 35% (7 cases). The diarrhea was the dominant symptom. The average weight was 20% lower compared to the initial weight. The length of residual small bowel and type of anastomosis strongly affect survival of patients underwent massive intestinal resections. Parenteral nutrition (PN) has great importance in postoperative treatment. A useful treatment, in severe short bowel syndrome, can be small bowel transplantation.     

Factors affecting the outcome of patients with splenic trauma

This is a report of 546 consecutive patients with penetrating and blunt splenic trauma seen over a 17 1/2-year period (1980-1997). The etiology of the splenic injuries and the associated mortality rates were: blunt injuries 45 of 298 (15%), gunshot wounds 48 of 199 (24%), and stab wounds four of 49 (8%). The overall mortality rate was 97 of 546 (18%). The most significant risk factors for death were all associated with major blood loss: transfusion requirements > or = 6 units of blood, low initial operating room blood pressure, associated abdominal vascular injuries, and performance of a thoracotomy. The two most important organs injured in conjunction with the spleen that were significant predictors of postoperative infectious complications were colon and pancreas. The need for splenectomy was most significantly correlated with higher grades of splenic injury especially grades IV and V. The evolution in management of blunt splenic trauma has led to a significant improvement in splenic preservation and avoidance of laparotomy for many patients. Operative splenic salvage is reduced in patients subjected to laparotomy who are candidates for nonoperative treatment. Improved results with splenic injury should be obtained by rapid control of bleeding. This may require more liberal criterial in selecting patients with splenic trauma for early operative treatment.     

Factors affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients with brain metastases

The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the factors affecting the prognosis of brain metastases in breast cancer patients to identify subgroups which might benefit from prophylactic treatments in future. Seventy-three early and 13 advanced stage patients with known Erb-2 status were included. In 14% of the early stage patients, the first recurrence site was isolated brain metastasis. None of the anthracycline resistant patients had brain metastases as their first recurrence site. The median interval between diagnosis and brain metastasis was 41.5 months (95% CI, 35.79-47.20) in early stage patients. The median interval between the first extracerebral metastases to the brain metastases was 15.5 months (95% CI, 12.24-18.76) in all patients. High histologic and nuclear grade, large tumor, anthracycline resistance were the factors which significantly affected the early appearance of brain metastases but only advanced age (> or =55 years, P=.035) correlated with isolated brain metastasis. Progression with isolated brain metastases was significantly higher in responsive ErbB-2 positive population (P=.036) and none of other pathological factors was associated with isolated brain metastasis in advanced stage. The median survival after brain metastasis in patients with brain metastasis as first recurrence was longer than the patients with brain metastasis after other organ metastasis (13 months vs 2 months P=.003). The median survival following brain metastases in complete responsive patients was higher than the others (24 months vs 6 months, P=.002). Therefore, response to systemic treatment was more determinative in the development of isolated brain metastases than clinical and pathologic features. ErbB-2 should be emphasized in prophylactic treatment strategies. Prophylactic cranial radiotherapy may be an effective treatment option for metastatic patients with complete responsive disease and with controlled ErbB-2 positive disease.     

Factors affecting outcome in pancreatic trauma

Reported mortality from pancreatic trauma remains at approximately 20% and morbidity is about 33%. A recent series was reviewed to highlight unresolved problems associated with this injury. From 54 consecutive patients treated operatively for pancreatic trauma during a recent 7-year period, 44 patients were evaluated. Among these 44, six died and 12 developed fistulas and/or abscesses. Of those who died, four had colon injuries and two had duodenal injuries, one of whom had combined colon and duodenal injuries. Patients with colon injuries also had a higher incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses and fistulas. Indeed, colon injury currently may be the most significant factor causing morbidity and mortality in cases of pancreatic trauma. Despite improved management of duodenal injuries, morbidity and mortality rates for these patients also remain high. Twenty-six patients went into shock before the end of their operation, and all six deaths occurred in this group. The mean number of intra-abdominal associated organ injuries was 2.1 per patient; complications and deaths were directly related to these injuries.     

胃的胃肠间质瘤复发因素及预后

目的 探讨胃的胃肠间质瘤（GIST）复发的相关因素及其预后.方法 回顾性总结1987年1月至2008年12月浙江省中西医结合医院收治的107例胃GIST患者的临床、病理及随访资料,并分析各变量因素与肿瘤复发的关系.结果 行根治性手术患者83例（根治组）,姑息性手术患者24例（姑息组）.随访6~246个月.根治组术后31例患者复发,复发与非复发患者比较,其肿瘤是否大于5 cm、肿瘤包膜完整与否及有无周围侵犯与肿瘤复发有关（P＜0.05） 而性别、年龄、肿瘤位置和核分裂与肿瘤复发无关（P＞0.05）.复发组患者中位生存期13个月,未复发组为78个月 两组生存率的比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.根治组患者中位生存期54（7～246）个月,姑息组则仅为6（1～25）个月,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 对于肿瘤大于5 cm、无完整包膜、有周围侵犯的胃GIST患者,应争取根治切除,警惕其复发.     

老年患者嵌顿性腹股沟疝急诊手术预后影响因素的分析

目的探讨影响老年患者嵌顿性腹股沟疝急诊手术预后的因素。方法选取2014年2月至2015年2月80例老年嵌顿性腹股沟疝行急诊手术患者作为研究对象,分析患者的临床资料数据,对研究结果收集后进行统计学分析比较,观察患者肠切除和患者死亡率的相关影响因素。采用SPSS18.00软件进行统计学分析,年龄、嵌顿类型、慢性病、既往腹部手术史、术前嵌顿持续时间采用logistic回归进行数据分析。以P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果既往腹部手术史(OR=1.692,P=0.001)、术前嵌顿持续时间大于24 h(OR=1.550,P=0.000)以及慢性疾病(OR=1.562,P=0.000)是肠切除手术的危险因素。患者的生存率与年龄(P=0.085)没有相关性,接受过肠切除手术和嵌顿持续时间超过24 h是影响患者生存的显著危险因素(P=0.001,P=0.000)。结论术前嵌顿疝持续时长超过24 h、腹部手术史及慢性疾病与肠切除相关。嵌顿持续时间、肠切除手术是影响老年患者嵌顿性腹股沟疝术后生存状况的重要影响因素。     

Factors affecting outcome in penetrating oesophageal trauma

BACKGROUND: Penetrating oesophageal trauma is rare and the risk factors affecting outcome have not been clearly identified. Delayed management has been cited as a factor contributing to the high rates of morbidity and mortality, but evidence for this is lacking. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken of patients with penetrating oesophageal trauma presenting to a level I trauma centre over 8 years. Outcome was assessed in terms of mortality, morbidity (oesophageal and non-oesophageal), and length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients with oesophageal injury who reached the operating theatre were included. The overall mortality rate was 6 per cent. Fifteen patients (29 per cent) developed oesophageal injury-related complications. Time from injury to management was the only important risk factor for the development of oesophageal complications (P = 0.001), but did not affect the length of ICU (P = 0.560) or hospital (P = 0.329) stay, incidence of non-oesophageal injury-related complications (P = 0.963) or death (P = 0.937). Patients with gunshot injuries spent longer in the ICU (P = 0.007) and the duration of hospital stay was longer for those with higher-grade oesophageal injuries (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: The risk of oesophageal injury-related complications was directly related to the interval between the trauma and definitive management of the oesophageal injury.     

Factors influencing prognosis in gastric cancer

In a group of 322 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach, 158 underwent resection. The only 5 year survivors came from the resection group. Increasing age, lymph node metastases and increasing depth of invasion of the gastric wall were all adverse prognostic features. There was a high incidence (19%) of resected patients who had suture line involvement. In spite of this there were 5 year survivors among those patients with suture line involvement and also those with lymph node involvement. The judicious implementation of an aggressive resection policy will give patients with favourable tumours the chance of a 5 year cure without involving patients with widespread neoplasm in radical surgery. Patients who had undergone previous gastric surgery for any cause had an extremely bad prognosis. Improvement in 5 year survival rates in patients undergoing resection for gastric cancer could be attributed to the increase in the number of patients with early gastric cancer.     

Factors affecting postoperative mortality in abdominal trauma.

Records of 345 patients in whom laparatomies were performed because of blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma were reviewed retrospectively with respect to factors affecting mortality. One hundred and twenty-eight patients had blunt abdominal trauma (Group I), 114 patients had gunshot wounds of the abdomen (Group II), and 103 patients had stab wounds of the abdomen (Group III). Mortality rates were 14.8%, 12.3% and 1.9% in groups I, II and III respectively. The presence of head trauma especially if accompanied by hypotension in group I, and the presence of chest trauma (hemothorax and/or pneumothorax) and hypotension (less than 90 mmHg) in group II were associated with a high mortality rate (p less than 0.05). Of the two patients who died in group III, one had septic shock due to massive intestinal necrosis and the other had hemorrhagic shock due to multiple organ injury and bleeding from an injured internal thoracic artery as the cause of death.     

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in childhood: Factors affecting prognosis

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a distinctive form of chronic glomerulonephritis. We present the results of our 96 paediatric patients with MPGN, reporting the survival and factors affecting prognosis in these patients. There were 64 boys and 32 girls with an age range of 2–17 (mean 10.6±3.7) years. All patients initially received oral corticosteroid therapy; remission was achieved in 22.9%. The unresponsive 77.1% either received cyclophosphamide and/or pulse methylprednisolone; 25.4% and 50.0% of these patients entered complete remission, respectively. The overall 1-year renal survivals of the MPGN patients were 90.1%, 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 81.9% and 61%, respectively. At multivariate analysis the factors affecting renal prognosis were haematuria at presentation (p<0.05, risk factor 3.52), urinary protein/creatinine ratio (p<0.05, risk factor 1.06 per 1 unit) and low haemoglobin values (p<0.05, risk factor 1.43 for each 1 g/dl decrement). We suggest that more aggressive immunosuppressive therapy should be instituted in patients unresponsive to steroids and that the aforementioned risk factors are higher for the development of renal failure.     

Factors affecting dural penetration and prognosis in patients admitted to emergency department with cranial gunshot wound

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery - To explore the effect of admission physical examination findings, anamnesis, and computed tomography on dural penetration and prognosis in...     

影响重型脑损伤的预后因素

目的 探讨影响重型脑损伤的预后因素。方法 对135例重型颅脑损伤患者进行回顾性分析。结果 保守治疗42例,手术治疗93例,死亡36例,占26.7％,植物生存4例,重残7例,中残13例,良好75例。结论 影响重型颅脑损伤预后的主要因素是原发性脑损伤严重程度、此外还有年龄、入院前抢救方案、严密观察与监测措施、手术指征的掌握和并发症等。     

Factors affecting survival in patients with anal melanoma

Anal melanoma is an aggressive tumor with a predilection for early infiltration and distant spread, resulting in poor overall survival. Because anal melanoma is rare, only small case series are reported in the literature, making it difficult to draw conclusions about optimal treatment and outcome. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify patients with anal melanomas from 1973 to 2001. In addition to demographics, disease extent at presentation, treatment administered, overall survival, and survival by decade of diagnosis were collected. A total of 126 patients with a mean age of 69.2 years was diagnosed with anal melanoma. Sixty-one per cent were female. Median follow-up was 22.5 months. Median survival was 10 months for those with distant disease, 13 months for patients with regional spread, and 34 months for patients with local disease (P = 0.0001). Five-year survival was 32 per cent, 17 per cent, and 0 per cent for patients presenting with local, regional, and distant disease, respectively (P = 0.0001). Neither age at diagnosis, operation performed, nor use of radiation significantly affected survival. Anal melanoma remains an uncommon but lethal disease. Extent of disease correlates with overall survival. Survival is improving, but the use and extent of operation are not associated with improved overall survival.     

Factors affecting the prognosis of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis

BACKGROUND: Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis is a closed space infection involving the digital flexor tendon sheaths of the upper extremity that can cause considerable morbidity. The purpose of the present report is to describe the various risk factors leading to poor outcomes and to recommend a clinical classification system for this condition. METHODS: We studied seventy-five patients with pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis over a six-year period. The amputation rate and total active motion were used as outcomes measures. The clinical factors influencing outcomes were identified and analyzed. RESULTS: The five risk factors associated with poor outcomes were (1) an age of more than forty-three years, (2) the presence of diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, or renal failure, (3) the presence of subcutaneous purulence, (4) digital ischemia, and (5) polymicrobial infection. On the basis of the clinical findings and outcomes, three distinct groups of patients could be identified, each with a progressively worse outcome. Patients in Group I had no subcutaneous purulence or digital ischemia; these patients had the best prognosis, with no amputations and a mean 80% return of total active motion. Patients in Group II demonstrated the presence of subcutaneous purulence but no ischemic changes; these patients had an amputation rate of 8% and a mean 72% recovery of total active motion. Patients in Group III had both extensive subcutaneous purulence and ischemic changes; these patients had the worst prognosis, with an amputation rate of 59% and a mean 49% return of total active motion. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a three-tier clinical classification system that can aid in prognosis and guidance in the treatment of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis of the upper extremity.     

Factors affecting prognosis of renal cell carcinomas.

Author analyzed the survival of 126 patients operated on because of kidney carcinomas. The data on anamnesis, laboratory results and TNM histological classification were compared with the results on "relative survival" and correlation analysis was performed. Based on these, the 12 most important criteria (with the highest correlation coefficient) were emphasized and regression equation was formed based on the TSP--Time Series Processing--Version 4 (Hall). Using this method, a numerical prognostic index can be established for the judgement of prognosis regarding certain patients.