交锁髓内钉治疗长骨骨折延迟愈合或不愈合

目的:总结我院收治的交锁髓内钉固定术后延迟愈合或不愈合患者19例的治疗体会。方法:股骨、胫骨均于术后1个月～3个月去除远离骨折端锁钉,变静力型固定为动力型固定。1例肱骨骨折放置含BMP异体骨植骨。骨折不愈合(5例):股骨分离1例,更换交锁髓内钉,骨折端植自体髂骨;胫骨锁钉较长1例,更换短的交锁髓内钉,骨折端植自体髂骨;另1例胫骨骨折不愈合,变静力型固定为动力型固定,骨折端植自体髂骨。主钉断裂(2例):1例股骨骨折主钉断裂,拔除髓内钉,夹板固定。1例胫骨骨折,将等原来8mm交锁髓内钉更换为10mm交锁髓内钉固定。锁钉断裂(1例):锁钉退出1例,给予拔除,石膏托固定。结果:随访时间8个月～5a,均达到骨性愈合。结论:本组病例均得到随访,随访时间8个月～5a,均达到骨性愈合。     

静力型改动力型交锁髓内钉治疗成人股骨骨折61例疗效分析

由于高能量损伤日益增加，以及手术适应证的放宽和手术治疗方法的改进，目前股骨骨折手术后骨不连、内固定松动或断裂等并发症的发生率明显上升。徐莘香等报道，引起这些并发症的诸多因素中，损伤原因、部位、骨折类型与感染均不是主要的因素，而内固定技术和内固定材料是主要因素。目前交锁髓内钉以其独特的优势成为股骨骨折的优选手术方法，交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折的愈合率为98．5％。而静力型改动力型交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折的方法是治疗部分类型股骨骨折的较好方法，其愈合率达到99．4％。我院1999年1月-2004年12月共收治了61例单侧股骨骨折的患者．32例采用静力型交锁髓内钉固定法，29例采用静力型改动力型交锁髓内钉内固定治疗方法，现报道如下。     

股骨交锁髓内钉适时动力化的应用

目的：探讨静力型股骨带锁髓内钉适时动力化的临床应用。方法：统计2003年8月～2006年8月期间采用静力型股骨带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折40例，其中改动力化固定18例。平均随访时间14个月（4～26月）。结果：40例患者中，22例均于20周内出现通过骨折线的环形骨痂早期愈合，18例患者于12～20周出现早期骨折延迟愈合征象时予以静力型带锁髓内钉动力化（去除一侧锁钉），16例在动力化固定后8～20周骨折愈合，3例骨折不愈合。结论：静力型股骨交锁髓内钉在适当时候的动力化对促进股骨骨折的愈合有一定的临床意义。     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折(附22例报告)

目的:观察交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折的疗效。方法:本组22例股骨干骨折行交锁髓内钉固定。男18例,女4例,年龄(19~42)岁。动力型固定4例,静力型固定18例。结果:平均随访16个月,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间12周。结论:交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折是一种较好的内固定方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗骨干骨折致骨延迟愈合及不愈合的原因

目的:探讨交锁髓内钉治疗骨干骨折后导致骨延迟愈合及不愈合的原因及防治方法.方法:对1998年3月-2004年3月本院骨科收治的16例交锁髓内钉固定四肢骨干骨折后骨延迟愈合和骨不愈合患者进行回顾性分析.其中骨延迟愈合8例,增生型骨不愈合6例,萎缩型骨不愈合2例.5例骨延迟愈合和4例增生型骨不愈合改静力交锁为动力交锁,3例骨延迟愈合和2例增生型骨不愈合改静力扩髓交锁髓内钉固定,所有增生型骨不愈合均加行局部植骨,2例萎缩型骨不愈合更换动力加压钢板内固定加植骨治疗.结果:术后随访3～18个月,16例患者均达骨愈合,治愈率100%.2例萎缩型骨不愈合患者的骨愈合时间分别为13和18个月,愈合时间明显延长(P＜0.01).结论:医源性因素是交锁髓内钉导致骨干骨折骨延迟愈合或骨不愈合的主要原因.针对不同的骨不愈合原因和特点,谨慎选择再次手术的方法可获得满意的疗效.     

交锁髓内钉在骨折不愈合或骨折畸形愈合中的应用

目的：探讨交锁髓内钉对骨折不愈合或畸形愈合切开复位内固定的治疗作用。方法：对9例下肢长管状骨骨折不愈合及延迟愈合患者均采用交锁髓内钉治疗,并术中同时植骨8例,所有病例术中行静力型交锁,其中8例术后6周解除下端交锁改为动力型交锁。结果：9例患者均达到骨性愈合,愈合时间（11～18）个月,平均13．7个月。结论：交锁髓内钉治疗下肢长管状骨骨折的不愈合及延迟愈合效果满意,治疗的关键在于适合的髓内钉、动力型锁定。     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨中下段骨折术后骨不连的临床效果

目的:观察带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折术后骨不连的临床治疗效果.方法:对我院在2005年12月~2011年12月的62例股骨骨折术后骨不连患者应用带锁髓内钉再次手术治疗,患者全部为股骨骨折术后骨不连,30例为钢板,32例为交锁钉.对于原来用钢板内固定的拆除钢板后用交锁髓内钉加植骨.对于原来用交锁髓内钉的,拆除髓内钉后改用大1号髓内钉固定加植骨.所有的患者都有进行扩髓.观察带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折术后骨不连的临床治疗效果.结果:62例患者结束治疗后经过23个月的随访观察,获骨性愈合的患者占60例,患者愈合的时间在6～18个月之间.另外的2例患者用带血管蒂骨移植后愈合.结论:对于股骨骨折术后骨不连患者应用带锁髓内钉加植骨进行治疗,全部能够获得愈合.取得了显著的临床效果.此方法稳定性较好,有利于关节和肢体进行早期的功能锻炼.     

带锁髓内钉固定并植骨治疗股骨骨折不愈合的疗效观察

目的探讨提高股骨骨折不愈合治愈率的方法。方法回顾性分析自1997年4月～2003年6月股骨骨折不愈合28例,均采用有限切口切开复位,带锁髓内钉扩髓,静力型固定骨折端并植骨。根据骨折部位生长情况改为动力型固定。结果28例6～10个月内均达临床愈合。邻近关节功能达正常,无感染、断钉等并发症。结论带锁髓内钉静力固定能有效控制骨折处的剪应力,同时对骨折有一定的加压作用,可提供早期坚强的内固定,同时,植骨可以补充成骨基质,改善骨折部成骨能力并根据骨折生长情况改为动力型固定,是治疗股骨骨折不愈合的理想方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折

目的 :探讨交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折的疗效及并发症的防治。方法 :采用切开复位 ,静力型交锁固定治疗股骨骨折 6 5例。结果 :6 0例获得 I期愈合 ,5例骨折延迟愈合。结论 :交锁髓内钉是治疗股骨骨折 ,尤其是粉碎性骨折理想的内固定方法     

植骨加接骨板内固定治疗股骨髓内钉断裂术后骨不愈合

目的探讨髄内植骨加长接骨板内固定术治疗股骨交锁髄内钉内固定断裂后骨不愈合的临床效果。方法对我科2000年～2005年收治的股骨交锁髓内钉断裂致骨不愈后病例12例,采用髓内自体植骨及矩形开槽骨块倒置植骨,结合长有限接触动力加压接骨板内固定治疗。结果所有病例均获得随访,随访时间9～30个月,平均随访时间19个月,所有病例全部愈合,平均愈合时间7.4个月,参照Mechant标准评定膝关节功能:优10例,良1例,可1例。优良率为92.7%。结论对股骨交锁髄内钉内固定断裂后骨不愈合的病例,可借助原切口,在取髄内钉的同时,采用髓内自体植骨及矩形开槽骨块倒置植骨,结合长有限接触动力加压接骨板微创接骨内固定治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.