护理干预对住院糖尿病患者便秘影响的探讨

目的探讨护理干预对住院糖尿病患者便秘的影响。方法将102例糖尿病便秘者随机分为干预及对照组,干预组给予腹部按摩、健康教育等护理干预措施,对照组给予通便药物治疗,比较2组通便效果及不良反应。结果干预组和对照组有效率分别为75%、88%,P〉0.05（u=1.686）,差异无显著性。意义：对照组腹痛腹泻、反复便结应发生率高于干预组,差异有显著性意见P〉0.01（χ^2=29.678,8.575）。结论通过护理干预改善住院糖尿病患者便秘效果较好,且不良反应低。     

对骨折患者便秘的护理干预

目的探讨护理干预对卧床骨折患者便秘的影响.方法将93例便秘患者随机分为干预组与对照组,干预组给予腹部按摩、健康教育等护理干预措施,对照组给予通便药物治疗,比较两组通便效果及不良反应.结果干预组和对照组有效率分别为85.4%、88.9%,差异无显著性意义,对照组不良反应发生率高于干预组,差异有显著性意义（P＜0.01）.结论通过护理干预改善卧床骨折患者便秘效果较好,且不良反应少.     

早期护理干预对慢性心力衰竭患者便秘的影响

目的探讨慢性心力衰竭患者便秘的早期护理干预措施及效果。方法将140例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为干预组和对照组各70例,干预组从入院时即实施腹部按摩、排便习惯训练、饮食指导、心理护理、环境管理等护理干预措施。对照组行慢性心力衰竭患者一般常规护理,预防性地给予常规剂量的通便药物。观察两组的便秘及不良反应发生率。结果干预组和对照组的便秘发生率分别是10．0％和22．9％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。且干预组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论通过对慢性心力衰竭患者早期实施针对性的护理干预措施,可有效改善患者便秘现象,且不良反应小,可降低由此引发的并发症。     

大黄粉敷脐结合按摩预防脑卒中患者急性期便秘临床观察

将100例脑卒中患者随机分成2组。观察组50例，住院第1天即给予大黄糊剂敷脐并结合按摩腹部预防便秘。对照组50例，不用任何通便药物。观察组发生便秘3例（6％）；对照组发生便秘44例（88％）。两组比较差异有统计学意义（Х^2=67．482，P〈0．01）。观察组无药物不良反应。说明大黄粉敷脐结合按摩预防脑卒中患者急性期便秘，有利于脑卒中患者早日康复，改善其生存质量。     

糖尿病患者便秘的原因分析及护理干预

目的探讨糖尿病患者发生便秘的原因，预防便秘的发生。方法将本院287例糖尿病便秘患者随机分成干预组（151例）和对照组（136例），2组在年龄、体重、糖尿病发病史等方面差异比较均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。给予干预组在健康教育、饮食指导、体育锻炼、腹部按摩及精神心理等方面实施护理干预措施，对照组则采用常规护理，1周后2组进行效果评定。结果干预组接受护理干预后排便情况等方面与对照组比较，差异有显著性意义（χ^2=63.14，P〈0.01）。结论护理干预能够提高糖尿病患者对疾病相关知识的认知和自我管理能力，改变不良的行为和生活习惯，有效地降低糖尿病便秘发生率，提高生活质量。     

生血通便颗粒剂治疗肛肠术后便秘的临床观察

目的观察生血通便颗粒剂治疗肛肠术后便秘的临床疗效。方法：将184例肛肠术后便秘患者随机分成两组,治疗组96例,用生血通便颗粒剂治疗;对照组88例,用麻仁丸治疗;观察比较两组用药1周后的综合疗效。结果：治疗组总有效率为87．50％,对照组总有效率79．54％。差异有统计学意义（p=0．043〈0．05）结论：生血通便颗粒剂治疗肛肠术后便秘疗效显著。     

肝癌患者手术后并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征的护理

目的探讨肝癌术后并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的临床护理方法及效果。方法将我院2008年6月～2011年12月92例肝癌术后并发ARDS患者随机分为两组,每组各46例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予全面的护理干预措施。结果观察组患者心理改善情况明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组患者平均住院时间短于对照组,平均住院费用低于对照组,护理满意度显著高于对照组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组患者术后不良反应发生率为15．22％;对照组患者术后不良反应发生率为30．34％;两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论全面有效的护理干预措施,可显著改善ARDS患者的呼吸功能,缩短患者康复时间,提高治愈率,降低死亡率,改善患者的生活质量。     

护理干预对缓解骨科卧床便秘患者的疗效观察

目的观察护理干预对骨科卧床的便秘患者的疗效。方法取我院骨科住院卧床期间便秘的病人共206例,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采取常规护理,辅以常用通便药物,观察组实施护理干预。1周后评价护理干预的效果。结果观察组和对照组的有效率分别为90.3%和77.7%,差异有显著性,且观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组。结论合理的护理干预措施,能有效缓解骨科卧床患者的便秘,且不良反应小,值得推广。     

心理护理干预在糖尿病临床护理中的应用意义

目的：分析和探究在糖尿病患者临床治疗和护理过程中为其提供心理护理干预的意义。方法：抽取了2015年1月至2016年1月我院收治的160例糖尿病患者作为探究对象，将其随机分成实验组和对照组，对照组患者给予常规护理，而实验组患者在对照组的基础上又给予了系统性的心理护理干预，然后对两组患者的 SDS 和 SAS 评分、住院时间和护理满意度进行对比。结果：实验组患者的 SDS（40．5±8．2）、SAS（36．4±6．1）和住院时间（8．6±2．1）d 均低于对照组的（48．2±8．4）、（44．1±6．6）、（11．3±2．7）d，同时实验组患者对护理服务的满意度（95．0％）高于对照组的（77．5％），他们之间的数据差异存在统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论：在糖尿病患者接受临床治疗的过程中为其提供心理护理干预，不仅可以改善患者的临床指标，而且还能提高患者的治疗效果和满意度。     

护理干预预防骨科卧床患者便秘的效果研究

目的：探讨护理干预预防骨科卧床患者便秘的效果。方法：将本院2011年8月-2013年5月收治的150例骨科住院患者按照随机数字表法将其分为试验组和对照组各75例。试验组给予常规护理,对照组给予心理护理、排便锻炼、饮食护理、运动护理、按摩护理以及药物护理,观察两组护理效果。结果：试验组仅发生8例便秘,便秘发生率明显低于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;且试验组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,试验组仅有1例不良反应,不良反应发生率亦明显低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：护理干预预防骨科卧床患者便秘效果显著,可有效提高便秘治疗效果和减少不良反应的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.