64层螺旋CT血管成像与冠状动脉造影对冠心病诊断价值的对比研究

目的评价64层螺旋CT在冠状动脉造影方面的诊断价值。方法58例临床诊断或可疑冠心病患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,分别对左主干、左前降支、回旋支和右冠状动脉及其分支的重建图像行影像学评价,所有患者均行常规选择性冠状动脉造影检查作为对照。结果58例患者共757(87.0%)节段的冠状动脉(血管直径≥1.5 mm)成像,638节段(84.3%)可用于多层螺旋CT和冠状动脉造影定量分析。冠状动脉造影共发现狭窄101节段,多层螺旋CT发现狭窄104节段,多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的敏感性为86.1%,特异性为96.8%。结论64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影可作为诊断冠状动脉病变的一种无创筛选方法。     

多层面螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病中的应用

目的　评价多层面螺旋CT(MSCT)行冠状动脉血管造影和三维重建在冠心病中的应用价值。方法　对 30例冠心病患者进行了心电门控MSCT增强扫描 ,在工作站对图像资料进行了最大密度投影法 (MIP)三维重建 ,并与冠状动脉造影结果相对照。结果　 30例患者中对 12 0支冠状动脉血管 (左主干、左前降支、回旋支、右冠状动脉 )进行了MSCT三维重建 ,图像质量良好者为 84支 (70 % ) ,影响图像质量的主要因素是心脏搏动造成的伪影 ;9例冠状动脉支架和 5例冠状动脉搭桥术后均可清晰显示支架和血管桥的位置及远端血流情况 ,对于显示近中端高度 (>75 % )或完全梗阻性病有一定的准确性 (敏感性 80 % ,特异性 79.8% )。而不能显示轻度狭窄病变、远端或细小分支病变。结论　MSCT血管造影和三维重建在冠心病诊断和对病变血管的评价 ,以及血运重建术后复查等方面有一定的应用价值。     

16排螺旋CT一次性增强扫描在高危胸痛诊断中的应用

目的探讨16排螺旋CT一次性增强扫描在高危胸痛诊断中的应用价值。方法对27例高危胸痛患者采用16排螺旋CT先平扫,再增强扫描（造影剂注射后,当CT值为110-120 Hu时开始扫描）,平面重建R-R间期各时相图像。采用专用软件对扫描结果进行分析,应用容积再现（VR）、曲面重建（CPR）观察冠状动脉（冠脉）,应用电影显示、VR、最大密度投影（MIP）观察肺动脉,应用多平面重组（MPR）、CPR、VR重建并观察主动脉。结果本组27例均可获得肺动脉段以上分支、胸主动脉、冠状动脉左右主干及主要分支的清晰图像,共发现冠状动脉狭窄24例（42支）,其中,狭窄位于左前降支11例（23支）、左回旋支3例（8支）、右冠状动脉7例（6支）、左主干2例（3支）、其他分支1例（2支）;发现肺动脉栓塞2例、主动脉夹层1例。结论 16排螺旋CT一次增强扫描可清晰显示主动脉、肺动脉及冠状动脉情况,在高危胸痛的诊断中具有重要应用价值。     

双源CT对成人先天性冠状动脉起源变异的诊断价值

目的分析评价双源CT对成人先天性冠状动脉起源变异的诊断价值。方法收集本院4244例冠状动脉CT血管造影(coronary CT angiography,CTA)检查资料,回顾性分析冠状动脉的起源变异情况。结果 4244例冠状动脉CTA中,共检测出冠状动脉起源变异38例,检出率约为0.90%,其中右冠状动脉起源变异28例(73.7%),左冠状动脉起源变异10例(26.3%)(包括左主干、前降支、回旋支)。所有图像通过VR、MIP和CPR等重组图像显示变异血管的起源。结论双源CT心脏冠状动脉造影可以准确评价冠状动脉正常及变异改变,清晰显示血管分支细节,对临床具有指导作用。     

320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的对比剂剂量优化研究

目的分析320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对比剂的最优剂量。方法选取沧州市中心医院于2013年6月~8月间行320排螺旋CT冠状动脉检查的疑似冠状动脉病变住院患者90例,其中男性53例,女性37例,年龄28~87(58.7±6.2)岁。将患者随机分成A组(30例,对比剂用量为0.7 ml/kg)、B组(30例,对比剂用量为0.6 ml/kg)和C组(30例,对比剂用量为0.5 ml/kg),推注浓度为350 mg I/ml,注射速率均为5.0 ml/s,行冠状动脉CT成像检查,评价CT图像质量。同时行冠状动脉造影检查。结果 C组右冠状动脉远段和近段、左回旋支近段、左前降支近段、左冠状动脉主干的平均CT值均比A组和B组要低,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05);A组与B组上述指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。Ⅳ级图像957个(92.7%)、Ⅲ级图像54个(5.2%)、Ⅱ级图像21个(2.1%),图像质量较高。B组中30例患者行冠状动脉造影检查,冠状动脉CT成像显示≥50%狭窄共219段,左冠状动脉主干2段,右冠状动脉71段,左回旋支57段,左前降支89段,诊断的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值分别为92.6%、96.1%、98.0%、86.3%。结论 320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对比剂的最优剂量为0.6 mg/kg,推注浓度为350mg I/ml,此剂量诊断冠状动脉病变的准确度较高。     

心电前门控冠状动脉CT成像在快心率患者中的应用对策

目的探讨通过增加padding的方法,评估64层螺旋CT前门控冠状动脉CT成像在相对快心率患者的应用价值。方法选择心率>65/min患者30例(病例组),通过增加padding至180ms,重建40%⁸0%相位,评价冠状动脉图像质量,分析有效辐射剂量,并与30例(对照组)用回顾性心电门控螺旋CT冠状动脉重建方法辐射剂量进行对比。结果 98.3%的冠状动脉血管能够满足诊断要求,其中通过增加padding重建收缩期40%80%相位,评价冠状动脉图像质量,分析有效辐射剂量,并与30例(对照组)用回顾性心电门控螺旋CT冠状动脉重建方法辐射剂量进行对比。结果 98.3%的冠状动脉血管能够满足诊断要求,其中通过增加padding重建收缩期40%⁴5%相位窗,28.3%的冠状动脉血管图像质量改善,其中7例患者(23.3%)的12支血管(10.0%)图像质量由不能诊断改善为可以用于诊断;病例组平均辐射剂量明显低于对照组(3.5mSv vs 10.1mSv,P<0.01)。结论前门控轴扫增加padding用于相对快心率患者,可改善图像质量,避免用辐射剂量更高的回顾性心电门控螺旋CT扫描方法。     

影响64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量因素的探讨

对临床已诊断或疑诊冠状动脉疾患的120例患者行64层螺旋CT心电门控扫描,并对影响成像质量的因素(心率、呼吸、造影剂的应用、时相的选择和VRT、MIP、MPR、CPR等图像后处理技术)进行分析.发现冠状动脉显示优良者右冠状动脉(RCA)占91.7%,左前降支(LAD)占90.8%,左旋支(LCX)占89.2%.7例因注射对比剂后出现严重心率失常或心动过速致冠状动脉显示极差不能满足诊断.提示64排螺旋CT对心率≤70次/min的患者,只要对诸多影响因素进行优化,可以获得高质量的图像,是无创性筛查冠心病的有效方法.     

16层螺旋CT用于冠状动脉成像的初步临床应用研究

目的评价16层螺旋CT用于冠脉成像检查的临床应用价值。方法使用美国GE公司的16层螺旋CT对20例诊断或可疑冠心病患者进行冠状动脉增强扫描成像检查。结果20例中19例右冠状动脉、后降支和左冠状动脉主干、前降支、对角支、左回旋支等显示较满意。有1例因呼吸屏气欠佳有部分冠状动脉分支血管因伪影干扰而显示欠佳。结论16层螺旋CT用于冠脉成像检查可对冠状动脉钙化、狭窄初步筛选诊断。     

多层螺旋CT冠脉造影对冠心病的诊断价值

目的 评价心电门控的多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(MSCTA)对冠心病的诊断价值及其局限性。 方法 2003-10～2004-12对中国医科大学第二附属医院83例患者均行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影和导管法冠状动脉造影(CAG),前后时间不超过2周,逐支逐段进行分析,以图像质量分为可评估冠脉和不可评估冠脉,以冠脉血管狭窄大于50%为阳性,各分支归入前降支(LAD)、回旋支(LCX)、右冠(RCA)。 结果 以CAG结果作为金标准,83例患者332支冠脉血管(LM、LAD、LCX和RCA)中不可评估的为28支(8.4%),在可评估304支冠脉中,CAG有阳性病变59支,MSCTA准确检出48支;无     

64层螺旋CT对成人冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘的诊断价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT对成人冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析6915例冠状动脉CT血管造影（Coronary CT Angiography,CTA）资料.结果 6915例冠状动脉CTA中,共检测出冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘11例,检出率约为0.16%,其中右冠状动脉分支瘘入肺动脉6例（54.55%）,左冠状动脉分支瘘入肺动脉3例（27.27%）,两侧冠状动脉分支瘘入肺动脉2例（18.18%）.所有图像通过VR、MIP和MPR等重组图像显示异常血管与肺动脉的关系和位置.结论 64层螺旋CT结合多种重建方法可以显示冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘的起源、走行及终止,对临床具有指导作用.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。