产前基因检测杜氏肌营养不良

目的 产前基因检测杜氏肌营养不良症(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,DMD)家系胎儿.方法 利用性别决定基因SRY引物PCR和羊水细胞培养染色体核型分析确定3例DMD家系胎儿性别,采用mPCR技术对3个DMD家系成员外周血及胎儿羊水和脐静脉血进行DMD基因内18个外显子位点扩增,STR-PCR结合聚丙稀酰胺凝胶技术对DMD基因3'端及基因内的44、45、49、50内含子的(CA)n短串联重复序列引物进行扩增,进行家系连锁分析和产前基因诊断.结果 共检出4例胎儿,其中2例单胎和1例双胎之甲胎为男性,之乙胎为女性.3个DMD家系2个检出为非缺失型,1个为缺失型.4例胎儿均继承了与同代先证者相同的母源致病单体型,除1例双胎之女胎为风险基因携带者外,其余3例男胎均为DMD风险胎儿,3例患儿母亲均为杂合型.结论 STR多态连锁分析不仅适用于常见缺失突变检测未发现缺失的DMD患者,同样适用于缺失型DMD患者的产前基因检测.     

基因缺失与DMD的关系研究及携带者筛查

目的:为了解国内Duchenne型肌营养不良症(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,DMD)患者基因缺失的分布特点;探讨STR位点多态性对DMD基凶携带者的连锁分析.方法:根据DMD基因中外显子缺失的多发位点,在内标引物参照下,建立一个多重PCR体系对40例DMD患者进行多位点检测,同时用4个STR多态位点进行连锁分析.结果:40例患者中有32例为基因缺失.缺失率为80％.在本研究中,所选外显子45、48、51缺失率较高,分别占检出人数的56％、56％、16％.通过STR多态位点连锁分析检测出6名DMD患者母亲均为携带者.结论:本实验所选外显子对确定中国地区DMD患者的基因突变位点具有重要的临床参考价值,应用PCR-STR技术进行连锁分析可对DMD携带者进行筛查.     

非缺失型Duchenne型肌营养不良症家系16例产前诊断

目的:探讨使用Duchenne型肌营养不良症(DMD)基因区域多态性位点在非缺失型DMD家系产前诊断的价值.方法:用DMD基因非编码区4个(CA)n重复序列多态性结合染色体核型分析,对16例非缺失型DMD家系进行产前诊断.结果:产前诊断发现4例男胎、2例女胎获得风险X染色体,余1例女胎和9例男胎均未携带风险X染色体.且检测结果的可靠性经出生婴儿DNA分析及临床症状检测得到证实.结论:胎儿性别鉴定结合基因连锁分析的方法,在规范的检测程序和有效的质量控制下,能准确地对非缺失型DMD进行产前遗传学诊断,可有效预防患儿出生.     

Duchenne型肌营养不良症家族遗传学分析

目的 探讨DMD患者家系的基因传递规律,并对相关个体做出遗传学咨询及产前诊断.方法 家系调查绘制系谱,并进行再发风险分析;外周血及绒毛染色体制作核型分析;产前诊断;多重PCR扩增.结果 系谱分析为典型的X连锁隐性遗传.该家系患者X染色体p21.2未见明显的微缺失.多重PCR扩增显示该基因部分外显子缺失.结论 对于不具备基因诊断条件的地区,系谱分析、细胞遗传学产前诊断结合生化分析依然是预防DMD患儿出生的主要手段.     

3例无家族史Duchenne肌营养不良患者的基因突变研究

目的探讨3例无Duchenne肌营养不良(DMD)家族史DMD患者的发病原因。方法采用17对引物检测dystro-phin基因外显子的缺失,结合45CA、49CA、50CA、3′CA和5′CA这5个短串联重复序列(STR)多态位点,对3个无DMD家族史而只有1例明确患者的家系进行连锁分析。结果 STR连锁分析显示3例患者的49CA位点dystrophin基因缺失,但其母亲49CA位点均为杂合子。结论 3个家系中的3位母亲均不是致病基因的携带者,DMD是由于患者自身发生基因突变所致。     

应用10对引物多重PCR方法检测DMD基因缺失

目的 建立适合于Duchenne型进行性肌营养不良(DMD)临床基因诊断的10对引物多重PCR方法,并探讨其临床应用价值.方法 抽提55例DMD患者及正常对照者外周血DNA,选取肌营养不良蛋白基因的10对外显子引物,应用多重PCR反应方法,同时扩增10个特异性片段,扩增产物行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳.结果 55例DMD患者中,28例(50.9%)存在外显子缺失.27例(49.1%)未检测到缺失;25例缺失片段集中于第45～53外显子,3例缺失片段集中于第12-19外显子.第50外显子缺失频率最高;其次为外显子45、47、51、52,再次之为外显子12、53.结论 DMD基因缺失片段主要分布于第45-53、12-19外显子2个缺失热点区域.该方法具有临床应用价值,是检测DMD基因缺失的首选方法.     

6个假肥大型肌营养不良家系的产前诊断

目的对6个假肥大型肌营养不良家系进行基因型分析，并为其家庭提供产前分子诊断评估再生育风险。方法联合多重连接依赖性探针扩增（MLPA）检测和单体型连锁分析分别对6个家系行杜氏进行性肌营养不良（DMD）的DMD基因诊断。所有产前诊断标本均通过STR位点检测排除母血污染。结果MLPA检测结果显示，6例先证者中DMD基因缺失型5例，重复型1例；2例先证者母亲未携带DMD基因变异，其中1例疑似生殖腺嵌合；产前诊断患胎3例，携带者1例，正常女胎2例。单体型连锁分析结果显示1例与MLPA检测结果不一致，1例发生基因内重组，其余4例均一致。结论MLPA技术联合单体型连锁分析可快速准确检出胎儿DMD基因型，疑似新发突变家系再生育时孕妇仍有产前诊断必要性。     

散发型DMD/BMD家系突变分析及产前诊断研究

目的 分析散发型DMD/BMD家系中患者的致病突变,为部分家系的胎儿进行产前基因诊断,明确该类家庭中女性成员是否致病突变携带者,分析该类家系新发突变的比例.方法 共收集30个散发DMD/BMD家系,应用传统mPCR方法 分析DMD基因缺失热区中的18个外显子;应用MLPA方法,对家系中的30例患者及23个家系中的28位女性成员,进行DMD基因全部79个外显子的定量分析,并为其中19个家系进行20例产前诊断.结果 mPCR检测到19例缺失突变;MLPA检测到21例缺失突变和3例重复突变,并明确缺失突变范围.在检测到突变的家系中,10例母亲为缺失突变携带者,2例为重复突变携带者,9例母亲不是携带者,新发突变比例为37.5%.7例患者的姐妹中5例为携带者(3例缺失,2例莺复),2例不是携带者.经产前诊断,12例男性胎儿中5例为患者,8例女性胎儿中2例为携带者.结论 MLPA方法 可全面检测DMD基因缺失及重复突变、明确女性携带者,为产前诊断提供准确信息.     

散发型DMD/BMD家系突变分析及产前诊断研究

目的 分析散发型DMD/BMD家系中患者的致病突变,为部分家系的胎儿进行产前基因诊断,明确该类家庭中女性成员是否致病突变携带者,分析该类家系新发突变的比例.方法 共收集30个散发DMD/BMD家系,应用传统mPCR方法 分析DMD基因缺失热区中的18个外显子;应用MLPA方法,对家系中的30例患者及23个家系中的28位女性成员,进行DMD基因全部79个外显子的定量分析,并为其中19个家系进行20例产前诊断.结果 mPCR检测到19例缺失突变;MLPA检测到21例缺失突变和3例重复突变,并明确缺失突变范围.在检测到突变的家系中,10例母亲为缺失突变携带者,2例为重复突变携带者,9例母亲不是携带者,新发突变比例为37.5%.7例患者的姐妹中5例为携带者(3例缺失,2例莺复),2例不是携带者.经产前诊断,12例男性胎儿中5例为患者,8例女性胎儿中2例为携带者.结论 MLPA方法 可全面检测DMD基因缺失及重复突变、明确女性携带者,为产前诊断提供准确信息.     

散发型DMD/BMD家系突变分析及产前诊断研究

目的 分析散发型DMD/BMD家系中患者的致病突变,为部分家系的胎儿进行产前基因诊断,明确该类家庭中女性成员是否致病突变携带者,分析该类家系新发突变的比例.方法 共收集30个散发DMD/BMD家系,应用传统mPCR方法 分析DMD基因缺失热区中的18个外显子;应用MLPA方法,对家系中的30例患者及23个家系中的28位女性成员,进行DMD基因全部79个外显子的定量分析,并为其中19个家系进行20例产前诊断.结果 mPCR检测到19例缺失突变;MLPA检测到21例缺失突变和3例重复突变,并明确缺失突变范围.在检测到突变的家系中,10例母亲为缺失突变携带者,2例为重复突变携带者,9例母亲不是携带者,新发突变比例为37.5%.7例患者的姐妹中5例为携带者(3例缺失,2例莺复),2例不是携带者.经产前诊断,12例男性胎儿中5例为患者,8例女性胎儿中2例为携带者.结论 MLPA方法 可全面检测DMD基因缺失及重复突变、明确女性携带者,为产前诊断提供准确信息.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.