Evaluating the clinical performance of the Osseotite implant: defining prosthetic predictability

A 5-year prospective, multicenter study is in progress at four private dental practices to determine the cumulative implant survival rate and prosthetic outcome when using the Osseotite dental implant in posterior maxillary and mandibular areas. An interim evaluation after 34.4 months of study progress is presented. A total of 219 Osseotite implants were placed in 74 patients (34 women and 40 men with a mean age of 57.8 +/- 15.2 years) using a conventional two-stage surgical protocol and 3- to 6-month healing time. Subsequently, patients were restored with fixed or removable restorations. Nineteen of the 74 patients reported smoking an average of 13.2 cigarettes per day. Restorative treatments included 40 single-unit restorations; 53 splinted 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-unit implant-supported maxillary and mandibular prostheses; 4 full-arch fixed maxillary prostheses; 1 mandibular fixed/detachable hybrid prosthesis; and 1 mandibular overdenture. The mean time from implant placement to second stage surgery was 6.2 +/- 2.0 months; from restoration and implant loading to the most recent follow-up evaluation was 20.9 +/- 6.8 months. Of the 219 implants placed, three posterior maxillary implants developed infections and were removed prior to second stage surgery. No implant failures occurred at second stage surgery or after implant loading. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the cumulative implant survival rate was 100% for anterior implants and 98.4% for posterior implants at 28.5 +/- 5.7 months. The cumulative postloading implant survival rate was 100% for both anterior and posterior implants. The results of this study indicate that the Osseotite dental implant achieved a high rate of integration that remained stable during nearly 2 years of implant function. In addition, because no postloading implant failures have occurred, the Osseotite implant has provided a high level of prosthetic predictability.     

Inferior alveolar nerve transposition in conjunction with implant placement

PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of neurosensory disturbance and the cumulative survival and success rates of ITI solid-screw implants placed in conjunction with an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) transposition technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 46 ITI implants were placed in 15 patients following transposition of the IAN. In 4 patients nerve transpositioning was performed bilaterally, so a total of 19 IAN mobilization surgeries were performed. Neurosensory dysfunction was objectively evaluated by using light touch (LT), pain (PT), and 2-point discrimination (2-DT) tests. In addition, patients were asked to answer a short questionnaire to investigate individual feelings of discomfort and advantages related to this surgical technique. The mean follow-up period was 49.1 months (range, 12 to 78 months). RESULTS: The cumulative implant survival and success rates were 95.7% and 90.5%, respectively. Only 2 implants were lost. Neurosensory disturbance (ie, disturbance registered by the LT, PT, and 2-DT tests) was experienced in 4 of 19 cases. However, at the time of data analysis (12 to 78 months after surgery), all patients indicated that they would go through the surgery again. DISCUSSION: The IAN transposition technique, when used in the severely atrophied posterior mandible, allowed placement of implants with adequate length and good initial stabilization. All patients felt that they had received significant benefits from their new prostheses. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that lateral nerve transposition can be used as a surgical procedure to enable ITI implant placement in the severely resorbed posterior mandible.     

Clinical evaluation of the zygoma implant: 3-year follow-up at 16 clinics.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the treatment outcome with zygoma implants with regard to implant survival, patient satisfaction, and function of prosthesis replacement after 3 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The treatment outcome of 76 patients treated with 145 zygoma fixtures at 16 centers was evaluated with regard to implant survival. Status of peri-implant mucosa and amount of plaque were registered annually. Patients' and dentists' evaluations of the functional and esthetic outcome of the treatment were assessed at delivery of prosthesis and thereafter at each follow-up visit. RESULTS: Sixty of 76 patients were followed for 3 years after prosthetic delivery. Five of 145 placed zygoma implants failed during the course of the study resulting in an overall implant survival rate of 96.3%. At the 3-year follow-up, 75% of the implants sites were registered with normal peri-implant mucosa and 68% with no visible plaque. The patients were fully satisfied with the esthetic and functional outcome of the treatment in 86% and 71%, respectively, at the 3-year follow-up visit. All reported data from dentists scored from acceptable to excellent. CONCLUSION: The multicenter study showed a high predictability of the zygoma implant-supported rehabilitation.     

Placement of Brånemark implants in the maxillary tuber region: anatomical considerations, surgical technique and long-term results

Background: Fixture placement in the tuber area is one way to overcome the problem of insufficient bone volume for routine implant surgery in the posterior maxilla due to severe resorption of jawbone and an extensive enlargement of the maxillary sinus. However, little is known about the long‐term results. Purpose: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the survival rate and marginal bone conditions at fixtures placed in the tuber region of the maxilla. Material and methods: Twenty‐one patients previously treated with at least one implant in the tuber region of the maxilla were included in this retrospective analysis. A total of 23 standard Brånemark System fixtures with a turned surface had been surgically placed in the tuber regions and 71 additional implants in adjacent areas to support fixed dental bridges. All implants were allowed to heal for 6–8 months before abutment connection and following prosthetic treatment. The patients were radiographed after 1–12 years for evaluation of marginal bone levels. In addition, the relation between the apex of the fixture in the tuberosity area and the posterior border of the maxilla was measured. Results: Twenty of the 21 patients representing 22 tuber and 64 additional implants were radiographically evaluated. No implants in the tuber areas were lost during the follow‐up whereas two fixtures in the anterior region had to be removed, one before loading and the other after 4 years of loading not interfering with the prosthesis stability. The mean marginal bone level at tuber implants was situated on average 1.6 mm (SD 1.1, n=22) from the abutment‐fixture junction, whilst the other implants showed an average bone level of 1.9 mm (SD 0.8, n=64). The results were similar when comparing partially and totally edentulous patients. Conclusion: The present retrospective study shows good clinical outcome with standard Brånemark fixtures placed in the tuber region of the posterior maxilla using a two‐stage procedure. In appropriate cases where bone of adequate volume and density is available, our data indicate that the technique can be used as an alternative to more extensive surgery and especially to the sinus lift procedure. However, prospective comparative studies are needed in order to evaluate the efficacy of the described technique for this purpose.     

Transpositioned flap vestibuloplasty combined with implant surgery in the severely resorbed atrophic edentulous ridge

The use of transpositioned flap (lipswitch) vestibuloplasty combined with implant surgery in patients with severely resorbed atrophic edentulous ridges is reviewed. The cases of 17 patients with severely resorbed atrophic edentulous ridges at the mandible undergoing implant rehabilitation were reviewed. Lipswitch vestibuloplasty was followed immediately by the implant surgery. Postoperative follow-up consisted of clinical and radiographic examinations. Seventeen patients with atrophic ridges (12 class II and 5 class III) each had 2 implant fixtures placed in the mandible as abutments for a clip and bar overdenture. The average time of follow-up was 6 years. Before surgery, all patients had severely atrophic ridges with a compromised shallow vestibule of varying degrees. Satisfactory results were observed in regard to the immediate and long-term morphology of the vestibule, the health of the peri-implant tissue, the stability of implant fixtures, and the functionality of the prostheses. The lipswitch vestibuloplasty offers a safe and convenient method of surgical access for implant fixture installation, with the advantage of rebuilding the vestibule of a compromised atrophic ridge in the anterior mandible.     

种植体倾斜植入用于上颌后牙区骨量不足患者的效果评价

目的: 观察种植体倾斜植入在上颌后牙区垂直骨量不足患者中的应用效果。方法: 选取2016年1月—2018年6月上颌后牙区剩余骨高度<6 mm行种植修复的患者。其中,行种植体倾斜植入(倾斜角度为25°~35°)患者28例(共植入种植体40颗),为A组;经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术患者23例(共植入种植体34颗),为B组。利用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法评估种植修复后种植体存留率;术前、术后拍摄曲面体层片或锥形束CT(CBCT),通过图像分析测量软件测量种植体周边缘骨量。采用SPSS 24.0软件包进行数据分析。术后随访3年,检查并记录种植术后基台松动、修复体松动、崩瓷或缺损、食物嵌塞等并发症。结果: 所有种植体观察最长3年,最短1年,A组累积存留率为100%;B组累积存留率为97.06%(1颗种植体修复前脱落),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A、B 2组种植体周边缘骨平均吸收高度无统计学差异(P>0.05);随访期间,A组仅有3例患者出现水平食物嵌塞,1例出现中央螺丝松动,B组未见明显并发症。结论: 对于部分上颌后牙区垂直骨量不足患者,种植体倾斜植入在本研究观察期内获得了良好的临床效果。     

Osseointegration in irradiated cancer patients: an analysis with respect to implant failures.

PURPOSE: This study retrospectively evaluated implant survival of 631 osseointegrated implants installed in irradiated cancer patients over a 25-year period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The files of 107 patients followed since 1979 were evaluated. Factors influencing implant survival as oncologic treatment, radiotherapy protocols, patient and implant related elements were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with a control group of non-irradiated patients, implant failures were higher after previous radiotherapy. High implant failures were seen after high dose radiotherapy and a long time after irradiation. All craniofacial regions were affected, but the highest implant failures were seen in frontal bone, zygoma, mandible, and nasal maxilla. Lowest implant failures were seen in oral maxilla. The use of long fixtures, fixed retention, and adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy decreased implant failures. Noncontributing factors to implant survival were gender, age, smoking habits, tumor type and size, surgical oncologic treatment, and osseointegration (OI) surgery experience. CONCLUSION: Survival after cancer therapy is so high, and outcome from OI therapy so favorable that OI in the irradiated patient can be recommended. However, the OI clinician should be aware of the risks and pitfalls of treating such patients.     

Two alternative surgical techniques for enhancing primary implant stability in the posterior maxilla: a clinical study including bone density, insertion torque, and resonance frequency analysis data

Background: The primary stability of dental implants associated with resistance to micromotion during healing is affected by surgical technique and implant design, which are important especially in the soft bone, where implant failures are more likely. Purposes: This study was designed to compare the parameters associated with implant insertion using two different methods of enhancing implant primary stability and to identify any relationship between these parameters at implant insertion. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 implants were placed in the maxillary posterior regions of 22 patients. The bone densities at the implant sites were recorded using a computerized tomography machine in Hounsfield unit (HU). The maximum insertion torque data were recorded with the Osseocare™ (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) equipment, while resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements were taken using an Osstell™ (Integration Diagnostics AB, Göteborg, Sweden) machine at implant surgery. Comparisons including HU, Ncm, and implant stability quotient were made between two control groups (C1 and C2), and corresponding four test groups (T1–T4) using thinner drills to enhance primary implant stability. Results: Two implants were lost, meaning an overall implant survival rate of 96.6% after 3 ± 1 years. When compared to control groups, significantly higher mean maximum insertion torque and RFA values were found for corresponding test groups. In addition, strong correlations were observed between the bone density and insertion torque, and implant stability values at implant placement. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that using thinner drills for implant placement in the maxillary posterior region where bone quality is poor may improve the primary implant stability, which helps clinicians to obtain higher implant survival rates.     

A new self-tapping Br?nemark implant: clinical and radiographic evaluation.

A new self-tapping Br?nemark implant designed for denser bone qualities was evaluated with regard to insertion technique, complications, marginal bone remodeling, and survival rate. Thirty patients, representing 21 mandibles and 9 maxillae, participated in the study. In each patient both standard and self-tapping implants were placed, and a total of 179 implants, 88 self-tapping and 91 standard, were inserted. Thirteen of 62 mandibular self-tapping implants reached their correct positions only after using the screw tap or the cylinder wrench for manual insertion. No such problems were noted when using standard fixtures after bone pre-tapping. In the maxillae, neither of the two implant designs presented any problems. One standard and one self-tapping fixture failed to osseointegrate. Radiolucencies were seen in the bone around the apical portion of two fixtures, one of each design. The mean marginal bone resorption after 1 year of follow-up was 0.5 to 0.6 mm for the two fixture types.     

The Hong Kong Bridge Protocol. Immediate Loading of Mandibular Brånemark Fixtures Using a Fixed Provisional Prosthesis: Preliminary Results

Background: The Brånemark System Classic is well documented for its successful and predictable results in dental implant rehabilitation. However, the classic two‐stage protocol is associated with problems, such as long treatment time and high treatment cost. To overcome these problems, new developments, including early functional loading protocol and Brånemark System Novum, have been introduced by various groups of researchers. In Hong Kong, a protocol has been developed to immediately load the Brånemark System fixtures with a fixed provisional prosthesis. Purpose: The goal of this prospective study was to present the Hong Kong Bridge protocol and report the short‐term evaluation of this protocol in a group of patients who had undergone dental implant treatment for their edentulous mandibles. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐seven consecutive patients being treated at the Hong Kong Osseointegration Implant Centre between June 1998 and December 2000 were included in this study. A total of 123 Brånemark System fixtures were installed and regularly followed up for 3 to 30 months. The prosthesis stability and the marginal bone level were regularly evaluated clinically and radiographically, respectively, after the implant surgery. Results: Fifteen of the 27 patients had been followed up for 1 year or longer. Two patients with eight fixtures were withdrawn from the study. Two of the 115 remaining fixtures failed, resulting in an overall implant survival rate of 98.3%. The mean marginal bone change was reported on 49 fixtures that had passed the 1‐year review. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.60 mm (p <.05) after 1 year of functional loading. Conclusions: To load the mandibular Brånemark System fixtures immediately according to the Hong Kong Bridge protocol was a predictable and simple method with good results during this preliminary study period. CONCLUSION During the preliminary period of this study, 115 immediately loaded Brånemark System fixtures were regularly recalled over 3 to 30 months. The overall implant survival rate of 98.3% demonstrates that immediate loading of mandibular Brånemark System fixtures using a fixed provisional prosthesis can be performed successfully with a predictable outcome.     

单个种植体颊侧牙槽嵴保存和结缔组织移植的临床美学效果分析

目的： 评估接受单个种植体颊侧牙槽嵴保存（alveolar ridge preservation,ARP）和结缔组织移植（connective tissue transplantation,CTG）的牙缺失患者3年临床美学效果。方法： 选择2014年5月—2016年5月南方医科大学顺德医院口腔科收治的43例牙缺失患者,分别进行拔牙、ARP、种植体植入、CTG和永久修复。评估患者术后第1年和第3年探诊出血发生率、探诊深度、边缘骨吸收、种植体红、白色美学效果,CTG前、CTG后即刻、术后第1年和第3年种植体颊侧黏膜厚度。采用视觉模拟评分法分别从咀嚼功能、整体美观、附着高度和色泽评估患者满意度,观察术后3年种植体情况,记录患者随访期间并发症发生情况。采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果： 术后第1年随访率为100%,术后第3年随访率为90.70%。术后第1年和第3年,种植体红、白美学效果较满意。术后第3年,近中龈乳头评分显著高于术后第1年（P<0.05）。CTG后即刻、术后第1年和第3年,种植体颊侧黏膜厚度较CTG前显著增加（P<0.05）;术后第1年和第3年,种植体颊侧黏膜厚度较CTG前分别增益1.02 mm（相对稳定性：90.12%）和1.01 mm（相对稳定性：84.31%）;CTG后即刻、术后第1年和术后第3年,患者对种植体咀嚼功能、整体美观、附着高度和色泽的满意度评分均>8分。种植体3年存留率为100%,种植体3年成功率为97.44%。随访期间,2例患者出现种植体周围黏膜炎,经洁牙等清洁处理后缓解,未出现组织瓣坏死、开口受限及舌运动障碍等并发症。结论： ARP与CTG对牙缺失患者具有良好的临床和美学效果,3年内CTG对种植体颊侧黏膜厚度表现为增厚且相对稳定性良好,值得临床推广应用。     

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the 5-mm diameter regular-platform Brånemark fixture: 2- to 5-year follow-up

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical results obtained with 5‐mm diameter regular‐platform Brånemark implants after 2 to 5 years of follow‐up. A secondary aim was to compare the clinical outcome to that of adjacently placed standard 3.75‐mm fixtures in the same patients under the same operative condition and in the same prosthetic construction. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients, with a mean age of 54 years, received a total of 97 5‐mm diameter regular‐platform fixtures. The majority of the implants were placed at molar sites. In 41 of the patients, 53 5‐mm diameter implants were placed adjacent to 62 standard 3.75‐mm diameter fixtures in the same prosthetic reconstruction. All implants were submerged for an average period of 4 to 6 months. Abutment connection was done according to standard protocol. The prosthetic treatment consisted of freestanding fixed bridges. Results: The cumulative survival rate of the 5‐mm diameter implants loaded for a period of 2 to 5 years was 96.9%. Only three implants failed. They were placed in type 4 bone in the posterior maxilla. Bone loss over the first year was 0.70 mm and over a 3‐year period 0.81 mm. Implants placed in type 4 bone showed significantly higher bone loss. No difference in the resorption rate could be found between the maxillary and the mandibular implants or between the various implant lengths. There was no significant difference between the bone loss around the 5‐mm diameter fixtures and the adjacent 3.75‐mm diameter standard fixtures. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a high predictability of 5‐mm diameter regular‐platform implants when placed in the posterior maxilla and mandible.     

Prospective follow-up study of 95 patients with edentulous mandibles treated according to the Brånemark Novum concept

Background: The long‐term predictability reported with the traditional two‐staged Brånemark method has led to developments aimed at simplifying the technique and reducing healing time. Results from a pilot study using the Brånemark Novum concept are promising, and it has been shown possible to fabricate and deliver an implant‐supported fixed prosthesis to the patient on the day of surgery. Purpose: The objective of this study is to report clinical and radiographic outcomes in a group of patients treated according to the Brånemark Novum concept. Materials and Methods: Ninety‐five patients with edentulous mandibles were consecutively included in the study. Three specially designed fixtures were placed in each patient (285 fixtures in total) using drilling templates. The fixtures were immediately splinted with a prefabricated substructure, and fixed prostheses were delivered the same day in 67% of the patients. For the rest, prosthesis delivery ranged from 1 to 40 days (mean 5.6 d). Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed after 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and then annually. The follow‐up time was 1 to 5 years (mean 2.5 yr). Results: The cumulative prosthesis survival rate was 99%. Eighteen fixtures (6.3%) failed in 13 patients. Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates demonstrated a probability implant survival at 1 year of 95.0% (94 patients), at 3 years of 93.3% (47 patients), and at 5 years of 93.3% (9 patients). The mean bone loss was 0.73 mm between the examinations at 3 months and 1 year, 0.16 mm during the second year, and 0.13 mm annually during years 3 to 5. Conclusions: Comparable results, related to continuous prosthesis stability, were shown for the Novum approach compared with the traditional two‐staged procedure. Survival of individual fixtures is lower when immediate loading is applied.     

口腔短种植体长期修复效果的评估

目的 评估应用短种植体进行缺牙修复的长期效果,探讨其临床应用价值.方法 1998年8月至2004年8月共有43例患者于北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔种植中心植入短种植体77枚,回顾其临床资料及X线片,测量冠-种植体比(crown-implant ratio,C/I).选取其中负重已达到5年以上的15例患者29枚短种植体,测量种植体边缘骨高度,采用Zarb种植体成功标准及Wheeler存留标准评估短种植体5年成功率及存留率.结果 77枚短种植体的平均追踪时间为5.4年(36～99个月),其中固定修复74枚,C/I平均值为(1.08±0.21),活动修复3枚.负重已达5年以上的29枚短种植体中,种植术后即刻、二期术前、负重3年内、负重5年以上种植体近中边缘骨高度分别为(0.59±0.66)、(0.64±0.59)、(-0.05±1.11)、(-0.37±1.29)mm;远中边缘骨高度分别为(0.62±0.77)、(0.60±0.86)、(-0.26±1.12)、(-0.23±1. 59)mm.短种植体5年的存留率和成功率分别为97%和93%.结论 短种植体5年成功率与常规种植体无明显区别,可避免植骨手术、降低风险、缩短疗程、减轻患者的创伤及经济负担,具有良好的临床应用价值.     

Simultaneous Le Fort I osteotomy and zygomatic implant placement

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of simultaneous LeFort I osteotomy and zygomatic/dental implant placement for oral rehabilitation of patients with extremely atrophic/dysmorphic edentulous maxilla.Simultaneous LeFort I osteotomy and zygomatic/dental implant placement was performed with patient-specific anatomical models and surgical guides produced through three-dimensional virtual planning methods. All patients received their final prosthesis, with immediate loading, on the day after surgery. The primary outcome variables were the implant survival rate, and the incidence of intra/postoperative complications. In total, 15 zygomatic implants and 33 conventional dental implants were inserted in eight patients. The mean follow-up of the patients was 38.5 months. The implant survival rate was 93.3% for zygomatic implants and 100% for dental implants. No intra/postoperative complications were observed.Simultaneous LeFort I osteotomy associated with zygomatic/dental implant surgery can be considered as a valuable treatment option for rehabilitation of patients with extremely atrophic edentulous maxilla and esthetic issues of the face.     

A prospective multicenter clinical study of the Osseotite implant: four-year interim report

This article reports the 4-year interim results of a multicenter study evaluating the clinical performance of the Osseotite dental implant. At 4 study centers, 485 Osseotite implants were consecutively placed in 181 patients (219 were placed in the mandible and 266 in the maxilla). A total of 355 implants were placed in posterior regions. Short implants (10 mm or less) represented 31.5% (n = 153) of all implants placed in this study. Patients were restored with 210 restorations, distributed as 123 short-span prostheses, 58 single-tooth replacements, 28 long-span prostheses, and 1 maxillary overdenture. At this 4-year interim evaluation, the mean time from implant placement to the most recent evaluation was 52.6 +/- 3.0 months, with a mean loading time of 43.3 +/- 3.8 months. Of the 485 implants placed, there have been 6 failures. All implant failures occurred prior to loading and were categorized as early implant failures. Five of the 6 failures occurred in the maxilla. Only one of the 153 short implants failed to integrate. Baseline radiographs were obtained at prosthesis connection. Radiographic analysis 1 year post-restoration showed a mean bone loss of 0.09 +/- 0.7 mm. From baseline to the end of the second year of function, an overall mean bone loss of 0.13 +/- 0.8 mm was recorded, indicating no additional bone was lost after the first year of implant function. At 4 years, the cumulative implant success rate for all implants placed in this study was 98.7%, with a 99.4% success rate in the posterior mandible and 98.4% success rate in the posterior maxilla. Results of this 4-year interim analysis indicate that this implant achieved a high success rate in posterior regions and that all failures with this implant in this patient population occurred prior to implant loading. When the clinical success of implants 10 mm or shorter was compared to that of implants greater than 10 mm in length, the shorter implants in this study performed similarly to longer implants.     

Are success and survival rates of early implant placement higher than immediate implant placement?

Immediate placement refers to the placement of an implant into a tooth socket at the time of extraction; early placement refers to the placement of an implant after substantial gingival healing, but before any clinically significant bone fill occurs within the socket. This study evaluated the success and survival rates of implants following immediate and early placement. 50 implants were placed in 36 patients. 26 immediate (group I) and 24 early placements (group II) were performed. Pain or tenderness with function, mobility, radiographic bone loss from initial surgery and exudate history were evaluated. Mean vertical bone loss in the immediate placement group was 0.55 mm and 0.80 mm in the early placement group. The survival rate for the immediate placement group was 96.16% with 51.6 months follow-up and in the early placement group was 100% with 61.9 months follow-up. The results of this study suggest that although the success and survival rates of early placed implants were a little higher and the follow up period was longer than immediately placed implants, the difference was not remarkable. In conclusion, both implant insertion techniques are safe and reliable procedures with considerably high survival rates.     

非埋入式不植骨上颌窦提升牙种植术的临床效果

目的研究上颌后牙区骨量不足时采用非埋入式不植骨上颌窦内提升牙种植术的临床效果。方法对129例患者应用非埋入式不植骨上颌窦内提升术行上颌后牙区种植修复,共植入161颗Straumann种植体,平均随访（2.1±1.7）年,最长达6.5年,计算种植体在此期间的累计存留率。结果采用非埋入式不植骨上颌窦内提升术植入种植体的累计存留率为98.71%。结论非埋入式不植骨上颌窦内提升术临床效果肯定。     

The effect of smoking on early implant failure

This retrospective study describes the effect of smoking on initial fixture failure before functional loading with fixed prosthetic restorations. Of 208 installed Brånemark fixtures in the mandible, only 1 failed (0.5%) and no detrimental effect of smoking on fixture survival could be detected. In the maxilla, 101244 fixtures failed (4%); 7778 fixtures failed in smokers and 31166 in nonsmokers. The failure rate before loading was 9% in smokers versus 1% in nonsmokers and was statistically significant, despite the fact that bone quality in both groups was comparable. Failed fixtures occurred in 31% of the smokers, despite often excellent bone quality, long fixture length or good initial stability. Only 4% of the nonsmokers had failures, in most cases related to poor bone quality. It is concluded that smoking is a significant although not the only important factor in the failure of implants prior to functional loading. Prospective studies are needed to assess the risk of implant failure in conjunction with smoking. In the mean time, patients should be informed of the adverse effect of smoking.     

無牙頜即刻負重修復的臨床研究

目的：對無牙頜病員在植牙手術的當天立即修復負重無疑具有十分重要的臨床意義。本研究的目的在於總結觀察採用植牙後即刻負重的方法修復無牙頜的臨床效果。方法：自2003年以來對35例,45個無牙頜骨進行螺絲固位即刻負重的種植義齒修復。單頜植入4-6個植體,手術當天取模並完成臨時義齒修復,3-6個月後完成永久修復铋L觀察期為7年。結果：共206個植體,其中205個植體在術後3個月覆診時完成骨癒合,1個植體因臨時義齒折斷而鬆動,在原位點上重新種植後獲得成功,植體成功率99.5%;1例上頜骨植入6個植體的病員,其中1個植體在3年後因植體周圍炎需取出,但不影響義齒功能,修復體成功率100%。結論：即刻負重種植義齒修復無牙頜可取得滿意的臨床效果。